Parental Educational Expectations,Academic Pressure,and Adolescent Mental Health:An Empirical Study Based on CEPS Survey Data

Background:This study aimed to investigate the relationship between parental educational expectations and adolescent mental health problems,with academic pressure as a moderating variable.Methods:This study was based on the baseline data of the China Education Panel Survey,which was collected within one school year during 2013–2014.It included 19,958 samples from seventh and ninth graders,who ranged from 11 to 18 years old.After removing missing values and conducting relevant data processing,the effective sample size for analysis was 16344.The OLS(Ordinary Least Squares)multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between parental educational expectations,academic pressure,and adolescents’mental health problems.In addition,we established an interaction term between parents’educational expectations and academic pressure to investigate the moderating effect of academic stress.Results:The study found that adolescents whose parents had high educational expectations reported less mental health problems.(β=−0.195;p<0.001).Additionally,adolescents who had high academic pressure reported more mental health problems.(β=0.649;p<0.001).Furthermore,the study found that academic pressure had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between parental educational expectations and adolescents’mental health problems(β=0.082;p<0.001).Conclusion:Parental educational expectations had a close relationship with adolescents’mental health problems,and academic pressure moderated this relationship.For those adolescents with high levels of academic pressure,the association between high parental educational expectations and mental health problems became stronger.On the contrary,for those adolescents with low levels of academic pressure,the association between high parental educational expectations and mental health problems became weaker.These findings shed new light on how parental educational expectations affected adolescent mental health problems and had significant implications for their healthy development.

Sedentary behavior and physical activity predicting depressive symptoms in adolescents beyond attributes of health-related physical fitness

Background： Sedentary behavior （SB）, physical activity （PA）, and attributes of physical fitness have been shown to be related to depressive symptoms in adolescents. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether SB and fitness-producing activity predicted depression in active adolescents over and above gender and fitness attributes. Methods： Participants were 249 adolescents （age： 12.85 ± 0.89 years, mean ± SD） from 3 public middle schools who wore Actical accelerometers to assess their SB and PA. Participants also completed the FITNESSGRAM health-related fitness assessment and a brief depression questionnaire. A 3-step hierarchical regression analysis was conducted with gender and fitness attributes （i.e., body mass index （BMI）, maximal volume oxygen uptake （VO2max）, curlups, and pushups）, moderate- and vigorous-intensity activity, and SB entered in respective steps. Results： Regression analysis indicated activity variables （i.e., moderate- and vigorous-intensity activity） significantly predicted depression （△R^2= 0.12, p 〈 0.01） beyond gender and fitness attributes. Overall, gender, fitness attributes, activity variables, SB explained 31% of the variance in depression. Structure coefficients revealed VO2max （rs= -0.77）, moderate-intensity activity （rs= -0.67）, vigorous-intensity activity （rs = -0.81）, and SB （rs = 0.57） were substantially correlated with the criterion variable; thus, they were the strongest predictors of depression. Conclusion： The findings of the current study indicated SB and PA were both significant predictors of depression; however, sufficient fitness-producing activity and adequate cardiorespiratory fitness may nullify the negative influence of SB on depressive symptoms in active adolescents.2018 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. （http：//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/）.

Effectiveness of Peer-Led Intervention on KAP Related to Sexual Reproductive and Mental Health Issues among Adolescents in Low Resource Settings India: A Comparative Study among Participants and Non-Participants

Background: India being the country with largest adolescent population in the world, needs a special focus on the health services as the status of an adolescent determines the health status in his/her adulthood. Some of the major issues faced by the adolescents include: mental health problems, early pregnancy and childbirth, (HIV/STI) and other infectious diseases, violence, injuries and malnutrition. The present study aims to understand the effectiveness of peer-led intervention on knowledge, attitude and practices related to sexual reproductive and mental health issues in adolescents among participants and non-participants. The study was carried out to improve the health-seeking behaviour of adolescents on sexual reproductive and mental health issues in low resource setting across four states in India. Methods: The study adopted a cross-sectional survey which was conducted on 400 adolescents from each of the four districts namely Bangalore, Khagaria-Bihar, Khed-Pune and Sahinganj-Jharkhand. A comparative analysis was conducted between the participants and the non-participants of the intervention to understand the effectiveness of the intervention on the KAP related to sexual reproductive and mental health of adolescents. Results: The study shows that the participants from Karnataka and Maharashtra had better knowledge in emergency contraception, HIV awareness, use of contraceptives and consumption of IFA’s than the non-participants;both the participants and the non-participants showed a positive behaviour in help-seeking in case of psychological challenges. Conclusion: The peer-led approach was found to be an effective strategy for learning, sharing and monitoring adolescent sexual reproductive and mental health.

A community-based friendly health clinic:An initiative adolescent reproductive health project in the rural and urban areas of Indonesia

Objective:This study aims to examine the effects of a community-based friendly health clinic(CFHC)program that adopts manual participatory learning(MPL)intervention on the adolescents living in the rural and urban areas of Indonesia to gain further insights into their knowledge,attitudes,and skills related to adolescent reproductive health(ARH).Methods:A quasi-experimental design was used to obtain information on the ARH knowledge,attitudes,and skills of adolescents.Two intervention studies that used similar protocols and measures were conducted.A total of 192 adolescents(96 adolescents from urban and rural areas)participated in the project,and the participants from each area were divided into eight groups.A questionairre was adopted to measure the ARH knowledge,attitudes,and skills of these participants.A content analysis of the logbook entries of these respondents was conducted to identify their ARH-related problems.The questionnairre and self-reported ARH data were collected before and after the eight-week program.Results:The CFHC program significantly increased the ARH attitudes(p=0.045)and skills(p=0.009)of adolescents in the rural area,but only improved the ARH knowledge(p<0.001)of adolescents in both rural and urban areas.Fourteen themes were identified in three dominant categories,namely,schools,families,and communities.Conclusions:The CFHC with MPL intervention can improve the ARH knowledge,attitudes,and skills of adolescents in the rural area,but can only improve the ARH knowledge of adolescents in the urban area.The ARH program must be designed based on the characterictics of these adolescents to improve their life skills during puberty.

Adolescent Reproductive Health: Challenges and Change

The field of reproductive health has had long ronnaents in ways that other health fields have not experience negotiating challenging enviperhaps because other health fields usually deal with illness which everyone agrees is not a good thing. Or maybe because we have all been born, we all think we know something about reproduction. Whatever the reason, we have over the years seen bitter political and ideological debates over population and family planning, abortion, the treatment of HIV/AIDS, in vitro fertilization, new contraceptive technologies--and now adolescent reproductive health. We shouldn＇t be surprised. But just as we have had to prevail in those debates in the past, they are crucial today： the numbers of young people entering their reproductive years throughout the world, especially the developing world, make it essential that youth be reached not only with messages and services crafted in the last 40 years but also with new messages, new ideas and new services.

Adolescent and Unmarried Youth Reproductive Health:Status,Perspectives and Strategies

The United Nations International Conference on Population and Development(ICPD), held in Cairo in 1994, recognized that adolescents and young people have

Access to Reproductive Health Services for Adolescents in the Educational System, Phetchaburi Province

This study was based on a descriptive research design. The population comprised of males and females aged between 15 and 19 years studying at the high school, college, and university levels in Phetchaburi, Thailand. The sample group size was calculated by using Taro Yamane＇s formula at a reliability level of .95. The instrument used was the questionnaire of College of Public Health as modified by Chulalongkorn University for use in research. Instrument quality was calculated by using the Kuder-Richardson 20 formula; an internal consistency value of.86 was obtained. According to the findings, the comparison of access to reproductive health services by adolescents at each level of education, the educational levels of the adolescents were similar to one another in that they were found to have received instruction about sexuality and reproductive health. The instruction most frequently received was on reproductive health and the least frequent subject was life skills, ability to adjust to daily lifestyles. The findings suggested that the capacity of medical and academic personnel should be developed in order to gain knowledge, attitudes to provide reproductive health services, especially on subjects concerning life skills and ability to adjust to daily life and interacting with the people surrounding adolescents, including skills on how to refuse sexual activity with partners.

Gender medicine:Lessons from COVID-19 and other medical conditions for designing health policy

Gender-specific differences in the prevalence,incidence,comorbidities,prognosis,severity,risk factors,drug-related aspects and outcomes of various medical conditions are well documented.We present a literature review on the extent to which research in this field has developed over the years,and reveal gaps in gender-sensitive awareness between the clinical portrayal and the translation into gender-specific treatment regimens,guidelines and into gender-oriented preventive strategies and health policies.Subsequently,through the lens of gender,we describe these domains in detail for four selected medical conditions:Asthma,obesity and overweight,chronic kidney disease and coronavirus disease 2019.As some of the key gender differences become more apparent during adolescence,we focus on this developmental stage.Finally,we propose a model which is based on three influential issues:(1)Investigating gender-specific medical profiles of related health conditions,rather than a single disease;(2)The dynamics of gender disparities across developmental stages;and(3)An integrative approach which takes into account additional risk factors(ethnicity,socio-demographic variables,minorities,lifestyle habits etc.).Increasing the awareness of gender-specific medicine in daily practice and in tailored guidelines,already among adolescents,may reduce inequities,facilitate the prediction of future trends and properly address the characteristics and needs of certain subpopulations within each gender.

A Modern Framework of Adolescence Health Programs

Adolescence represents a sensitive time period during an individual’s development during which physical, psychological, and social risk factors for non-communicable diseases are established. As such, there is a necessity to engage adolescents in planning and decision-making processes that will affect their future health. This paper describes the need for more innovative and transversal actions, starting from the utility of a multidisciplinary and systemic approach to health. One way in which this can be achieved is by shifting adolescent health programs (AHPs) from a clinically oriented to an education-based model. In particular, AHPs need to consider a personalized and systemic approach to the well-being of adolescents in order to potentiate their strengths and improve weaknesses, enhancing self-esteem, empowerment, and resilience. This is in line with the complexity of human physiology and psychology, as well as scientific evidence showing that several factors significantly influence health status including lifestyle, social context, emotional experiences, and cognitive skills, as demonstrated by the AVATAR Project (“A new purpose for promotion and eVAluation of healTh and well-being Among healthy teenageRs”). This project—which provides a new framework for AHPs—was carried out in Italy and enrolled healthy students as subjects, and aimed to promote well-being in adolescents using a systemic and multistake-holder approach that involved creating a network composed of the different figures and environments around adolescents and moving toward a more school-based and student-centered approach to adolescent health education.

Situations of Domestic Violence against Children and Adolescents in a Northeastern Brazilian Capital

Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile of children and adolescents who are victims of domestic violence. Method: This is a cross sectional and descriptive study, following a quantitative approach, conducted from September to December 2013, at the SOS CHILD service, in the city of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The research protocol was approved by CEP/UFRN under CAAE 0166.0.051.000-11. Results: In the analysis of 69 children, the results were presented from three points of view: 1) the victim—female (56.5%), aged one to 11 years old (66.7%) and lived with one of the parents (43.5%);2) the abuser—female (60.9%) in the 14 - 23 years old and 34 - 43 years old, with the same percentage (24.6%), history of alcohol use and abuse (42.0%), the mother was the one who attacked the most (34.7%);3) types of violence, among the physical ones, the most frequent were slaps (43.2%) and punches (18.9%);the prevalence, among the psychological violence, were curses (35.4%) and abuse (27.8%);negligence, omission of care (73.5%), deprivation of care for personal appearance (18.4%);among sexual violence: sexual caresses (57.1%) and forced sex (42.9%). Conclusion: Children and adolescents placed in an unfavorable social-economic context, under the care of mothers with a history of use and abuse of alcohol and other drugs, are more vulnerable to intra-domiciliary violence.

Serum lipid growth curves for children and adolescents in predicting adult dyslipidemia(Data from the Slovak Lipid Community Study)

Objectives: To create age- and sex-specific growth curves for serum lipids in Slovak children and adolescents, and to compare age- and sex-specific cut-off points with the currently recommended procedure using a single set of risk values for the whole child and adolescent population. Methods: Data were extracted from a cross-sectional Slovak Lipid Community Study conducted in 2005-2007;873 healthy chil- dren and adolescents aged 7 - 18 years were selected for this study. Smoothed percentile curves were generated by LMS Pro software. Results: All lipid parameters (except for total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in girls) were higher in puberty than in adolescence, with the lowest serum lipids between the ages of 15 and 16 years. Mean triglyceride levels were higher in girls than in boys in all age groups. At the age of 18 years, about 19% boys and 25% girls had borderline and 6% boys and 15% girls had elevated total cholesterol. Elevated triglyceride levels were seen in 13% of boys and 11% of girls while abnormally low levels of HDL-cholesterol were found in 17% of boys and 10% of girls. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that 1) age and gender play a strong role in lipid measurements in children and adolescents, 2) Slovak children and adolescents have a relative high proportion of abnormal lipid levels, and 3) age- and sex-specific cut-off points for serum lipids could be used to identify children and adolescents with an elevated risk of dyslipidemia in adulthood.

Individual factors related to chronic condition in Portuguese adolescents: Highlights from the HBSC/WHO study

Background: Adolescence includes a period (10 to 19 years) of profound biopsychosocial changes, constituting potentially difficult challenges, which may become more pronounced in the presence of a chronic condition and its limitations. Responses are not homogeneous and can be quite variable, depending on various specific individual factors. Research comparing adolescents with or without chronic illness, or comparing across different conditions, has been contradictory, not confirming a direct relationship between the degree of suffering and the chronic condition. Objective: To characterize and assess the impact of 1) having a chronic condition (CC) and 2) how CC affects school participation;and its association with life satisfaction and perception of wellness, controlling for demographic factors: age, gender and family socioeconomic status (SES). Methods: 5050 Portuguese adolescents with an average age of 14 years participated in the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children/WHO (HBSC). Results: The majority of the adolescents with CC reported that their conditions did not affect school participation. Adolescents with CC who indicated that CC affected school participation felt more frequently unwell and presented lower life satisfaction. Being a boy, younger and having high family socio economic status (SES) were identified as predictors of higher life satisfaction;on the other hand, being a girl, older, having lower SES, living with CC and feeling that CC affects school participation are predictors for feeling more frequently unwell. Conclusions: These adolescents showed an increased vulnerability, presenting internalized symptoms and lower life satisfaction. Furthermore, when there was simultaneous occurrence of living with CC and that CC affected school participation, the impact was even higher. Thus, it is crucial that future interventions should include the identified predictors, combined with “listen to the voice” of adolescents, throughout the adaptation process.

Nurse Care and Comfort in the Puerperium of Girls/Women: Protocol for a Scoping Review

Purpose: Carrying out a scoping review to fill gaps in current knowledge regarding comfort needs in the care provided by nurses to girls/women who experience puerperium. Methods: The procedures guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute will be applied. The searches will be carried out in the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Excerpta Medica Database, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Nursing Database, Scientific Electronic Library databases. Studies which are available in full and published in English, Spanish or Portuguese will be selected. There will be no restrictions to the study design or time frame. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations with the aid of software. The degree of agreement between the researchers will be verified by statistics that measure reliability. Through narrative descriptions, charts, and tables, we will present the results obtained. Data analysis will involve descriptive statistics, and qualitative evaluation. We will use the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist to review and write this review. Conclusion: We will summarize the main information available in the literature on the subject, aiming to obtain an overview of the practices employed, and the gaps present in knowledge that require greater attention from the scientific community.

Prevalence of hypertension and its associations with body composition across Chinese and American children and adolescents

Background The age of onset of hypertension(HTN)is decreasing,and obesity is a significant risk factor.The prevalence and racial disparities in pediatric HTN and the association between body composition and blood pressure are insufficiently studied.This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HTN in Chinese and American children and adolescents and to assess the relationship between various body composition indices and HTN.Methods Seven thousand,five hundred and seventy-three Chinese and 6239 American children and adolescents aged 8–18 years from the 2013–2015 China Child and Adolescent Cardiovascular Health study and the 2011–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were analyzed.Blood pressure and body composition(fat and muscle)were measured by trained staff.The crude prevalence and age-standardized prevalence rate(ASPR)of primary HTN and its subtypes[isolated systolic hypertension(ISH)and isolated diastolic hypertension(IDH)]were calculated based on 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines.Multivariable-adjusted linear regression coefficients and odds ratios(ORs)were calculated to assess the associations of body composition indicators with HTN,ISH and IDH.Results The ASPR of HTN was 18.5%in China(CN)and 4.6%in the United States(US),whereas the obesity prevalence was 7.4%and 18.6%,and the population attributable risk of HTN caused by overweight and obesity was higher in the US than in CN.Increased fat mass,muscle mass and body fat percentage mass were associated with a higher risk of HTN in both countries.The percent of muscle body mass had a protective effect on HTN and ISH in both countries[HTN(CN:OR=0.83,95%CI=0.78–0.88;US:OR=0.72,95%CI=0.64–0.81);ISH(CN:OR=0.87,95%CI=0.80–0.94;US:OR=0.71,95%CI=0.62–0.81)],and the protective effect was more common among children and adolescents with high levels of physical activity.Conclusions The burden of HTN in Chinese children and adolescents was substantial and much greater than that in the US,and the contribution of obesity to HTN was higher in the US than in CN.Augmenting the proportion of muscle mass in body composition has a protective effect against HTN in both populations.Optimizing body composition positively influences blood pressure in children and adolescents,particularly those with high-level physical activity.

Role of Sports Based on Big Data Analysis in Promoting the Physique and Health of Children and Adolescents

Healthy body is the foundation of young people's growth.With the popularization and globalization of the Internet,multimedia technology is rapidly changing the impact of traditional media on the growth of young people.The current health situation of young people is not optimistic.The decline in physical fitness,obesity and psychological dysplasia of adolescents have aroused the concern of all sectors of society.In recent years,the emergence and dissemination of big data(BD)has brought a new dimension to the value of data applications.The combination of BD and youth health services provides young people with good health opportunities.Through the recording,analysis and release of adolescent physical health data,the system has established an extensive knowledge database on adolescent physical and mental health,thus improving the physical health of adolescents.This paper summarized and combed the overview and application of BD,and analyzed and discussed the reasons for the continuous decline of young people's physique.Through the analysis of the application of BD in the promotion of young people's physical health,this paper proposed more achievable improvement strategies and plans,and then summarizes and discusses the experiment.According to the survey and experiment,the random simulation algorithm was introduced into daily exercise,diet and life preference.The new system and health improvement strategy designed for teenagers'physical health using BD could help students improve their physical health by 55%.

The mirror’s curse: Weight perceptions mediate the link between physical activity and life satisfaction among 727,865 teens in 44 countries

Purpose:The present study aimed to examine the link between physical activity(PA)and life satisfaction in a large international study of adolescents.We also aimed to test whether overweight and underweight perceptions act as mediators and whether age and sex acted as moderators.Methods:For this purpose,we analyzed data from the Health Behavior in School-aged Children study,which comprises 727,865 observations from 44 nations at 4 measurement occasions.Results:Multilevel analyses revealed a positive link between PA and life satisfaction.In addition,underweight and overweight perceptions mediated the effect of PA on life satisfaction.We further found that age and sex acted as moderators.In older adolescents,stronger effects were found in the links between PA and life satisfaction,PA and overweight perception,and both weight perceptions and life satisfaction.In addition,in female adolescents,the link between overweight perception and life satisfaction was stronger.Conversely,the links between PA and both weight perceptions were stronger for boys.Conclusion:The results suggest that weight perception explains part of the relationship between PA and life satisfaction in adolescents and that these effects vary as a function of age and sex.

Evaluation of a School-Based Intervention to Promote Physical Activity and Sport among Young People Aged 11-13 in East London, UK

Due to the alarming increase in overweight/obesity among adolescents in the UK and in response to low levels of PAS （physical activity and sport）, initiatives have been developed to promote PAS in vulnerable groups. The purpose of this study is： （1） to evaluate the effect of one such PAS initiative on 11-13 （n = 913） years old young people＇s PAS patterns and participation; （2） to assess young peoples＇ expectations and perceived benefits of the program; and （3） to make evidenced based recommendations for future interventions. Socio-demographic data, PAS data and perceptions of the program were assessed via questionnaire. Anthropometric data （height, weight, waist circumference） were also measured. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to test for significant differences between baseline and follow-up PAS data. McNemar chi-square tests were used to test for significance between baseline and follow-up expectations data. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests showed a reduction in total PAS （from 39% to 7%） from baseline to follow-up but five sports not currently offered through the national PE （physical education） curriculum （badminton, basketball, volleyball, cricket and rowing） saw an increase in participation. Young people＇s perception of the program was positive, with a significant increase in those reporting the program helped them ＂be more sporty＂ and ＂be more healthy＂ （both significant at P 〈 0.05）. While overall PAS did not increase, sports offered outside of those available as part of the national curriculum for PE were more popular; strengthening the case for further research and supporting the current trend of extending the sports available through PE in schools and school sports to positively contribute to increase in PAS. Future interventions should consider the target population more carefully in the design and implementation of such programs by offering culturally responsive PAS programs.

Rural High School Students’ Sexual Behavior and Self-Esteem

Background: Negative consequences for sexual health may be caused by risky sexual behavior related to attitudes, norms and self-efficacy regarding sexuality. Research has not resulted in a consensus on the associations between self-esteem and adolescents’ sexual behavior. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to describe high school students’ sexual behavior and self-esteem, along with investigating the relationship of attitudes, norms, self-efficacy, and self-esteem to sexual risk behavior. Another aim was to describe and compare gender differences in self-esteem and sexual risk behavior in high school students in a rural context. Methodological Design: A cross-sectional design was used. The participants were 139 high school students, 16 to 18 years of age, sample size was decided by power calculation, and systematic randomized sampling was used. The students replied to a questionnaire about self-esteem, factors affecting sexual risk behavior, and sexual behavior. Results: Swedish high school students reported having few sexual partners, a low use of alcohol along with sex, yet a low consistency in condom use. The students reported both high basic self-esteem as well as earned self-esteem. Basic self-esteem was higher for male students while earned self-esteem was higher for female students. Significant correlations were found between self-esteem and some factors affecting sexual risk behavior related to condom use. Conclusion: High school students exhibited positive sexual behaviors and high levels of self-esteem, yet they put themselves at risk by inconsistent use of condoms. Our findings can contribute the need of to an awareness of the role self-esteem, attitudes, norms and self-efficacy plays in adolescents’ sexual behavior. Nurses working at the youth clinics are in a key position to discuss sexual health issues with adolescents to promote healthy outcomes in sexual health.

Clinical Dissemination and Implementation of EBTs From the Ground Up:How to Develop a Multi-Site CBT“Clinical Dissemination Practice”The Case Example of the Child&Family Institute

The recent proliferation of empirically-supported treatments(ESTs)into the private sector has led to more U.S.children and families receiving high quality treatments and improved treatment outcomes.However,there remains a significant dearth of evidence-based clinics,service providers,and training programs nationally,particularly in more remote communities.The Child&Family Institute(CFI)was founded in 2011 as the world’s first Clinical Dissemination Practice and training institute,comprising five core unifying stages and initiatives:(1)Dissemination Through Training,(2)Dissemination Through Community Partnership,(3)Dissemination Through Integrated Behavioral Health,(4)Dissemination Through Technology,and(5)Dissemination Through Multi-State,Multi-Site Program Development and Implementation,all with a common goal of raising awareness and leveraging local and national resources to disseminate and implement accessible,affordable,evidence-based care to children,families,and communities across the United States,and beyond.Perhaps most central and unique to CFI’s five initiatives,and its overall core values and mission,is the accessibility and affordability of services for each and every child.Preliminary feedback from patients,students,collaborators,local politicians and stakeholders,partner organizations,and the broader communities in the regions served has been enthusiastic,and several grant submissions and research partnerships are underway,to test the effectiveness of CFI programming and evidence-based treatments in“real-world”clinics nationwide.

Serum vitamin E concentration is negatively associated with body mass index change in girls not boys during adolescence

Background Vitamin E is the most abundant lipid-soluble antioxidants present in plasma;however,the relationship between serum vitamin E and change in body mass index(BMI)-for-age Z scores in adolescents has not been well described.Methods This study is a cross-sectional study.Data were analyzed from 4014 adolescents who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.The nutritional status was calculated by BMI Z scores and was classifed into nor-mal weight,overweight,and obese.Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was used to examine the association between serum vitamin E levels with overweight/obesity.Besides,the interaction effects between potential confounders and vitamin E on obesity were further evaluated.Results After adjusting potential confounders,serum vitamin E levels were negatively associated with overweight/obesity in girls but not in boys.Per standard deviation increment in vitamin E concentrations was associated with a 92%decreased risk of obesity in females.Besides,lower quartiles of serum vitamin E were associated with a higher risk of overweight/obesity in girls.Moreover,the inverse association between serum vitamin E levels and obesity was also found in most subgroups through subgroup analysis.Conclusions Our study supports the negative association between serum vitamin E levels and overweight/obesity in ado-lescents.A higher serum vitamin E level may be associated with a reduced probability of obesity in girls,but not in boys.