A functionalized activated carbon adsorbent prepared from waste amidoxime resin by modifying with H_(3)PO_(4) and ZnCl_(2) and its excellent Cr(Ⅵ)adsorption

With the application of resins in various fields, numerous waste resins that are difficult to treat have been produced. The industrial wastewater containing Cr(Ⅵ) has severely polluted soil and groundwater environments, thereby endangering human health. Therefore, in this paper, a novel functionalized mesoporous adsorbent PPR-Z was synthesized from waste amidoxime resin for adsorbing Cr(Ⅵ). The waste amidoxime resin was first modified with H3PO4 and ZnCl_(2), and subsequently, it was carbonized through slow thermal decomposition. The static adsorption of PPR-Z conforms to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm, indicating that the Cr(Ⅵ) adsorption by PPR-Z is mostly chemical adsorption and exhibits single-layer adsorption. The saturated adsorption capacity of the adsorbent for Cr(Ⅵ) could reach 255.86 mg/g. The adsorbent could effectively reduce Cr(Ⅵ) to Cr(Ⅲ) and decrease the toxicity of Cr(Ⅵ) during adsorption. PPR-Z exhibited Cr(Ⅵ) selectivity in electroplating wastewater. The main mechanisms involved in the Cr(Ⅵ) adsorption are the chemical reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) into Cr(Ⅲ) and electrostatic and coordination interactions. Preparation of PPR-Z not only solves the problem of waste resin treatment but also effectively controls Cr(Ⅵ) pollution and realizes the concept of “treating waste with waste”.

Impact of Cr(Ⅲ)complexation with organic acid on its adsorption in silts and fine sands

Trivalent chromium(Cr(Ⅲ))can form stable soluble complexes with organic components,altering its adsorption properties in the water-soil environment.This increases the risk of Cr(Ⅲ)migrating to deeper soils and transforming into toxic Cr(VI)due to the presence of manganese oxides in sediments.In this study,Citric Acid(CA)was selected as a representative organic ligand to prepare and characterize Cr(III)-CA complexes.The characteristics,mechanisms and environmental factors influencing the adsorption of Cr(Ⅲ)-CA on porous media(silts and fine sands)were investigated in the study.The results show that Cr(Ⅲ)coordinates with CA at a 1:1 molar ratio,forming stable and soluble Cr(Ⅲ)-CA complexes.Compared to Cr(III)ions,the equilibrium adsorption capacity of Cr(Ⅲ)-CA is an order of magnitude lower in silts and fine sands.The adsorption of Cr(Ⅲ)-CA in silts and fine sands is dominated by chemical adsorption of monolayers,following the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and the Langmuir isotherm adsorption model.Varying contents of clay minerals and iron-aluminum oxides prove to be the main causes of differences in adsorption capacity of Cr(Ⅲ)-CA in silts and fine sands.Changes in solution pH affect the adsorption rate and capacity of Cr(Ⅲ)-CA by altering its ionic form.The adsorption process is irreversible and only minimally influenced by ionic strength,suggesting that inner-sphere complexation serves as the dominant Cr(Ⅲ)-CA adsorption mechanism.

Adsorption Behavior and Mechanism of Macroporous Phosphonic Acid Resin for Lu^(3+)

The article is based on a research on the adsorption behavior and adsorption mechanism of macroporous phosphonic acid resin (PAR) for Lu 3+ and the influence of the medium’s pH, adsorption temperature, adsorption time, etc on adsorbing Lu 3+ . The best value of medium’s pH to the adsorption of PAR for Lu 3+ was found to be 4.92. The static adsorption maximum capacity of PAR for Lu 3+ is 220?mg·g -1 . The thermodynamic adsorption parameters are respectively ΔH=11.3?kJ·mol -1 , ΔS=46.3?J·mol -1 ·K -1 , ΔG=-2.50?kJ·mol -1 and the apparent activity energy is E_a=31.4?kJ·mol -1 . The adsorption behavior of PAR for Lu 3+ obeys the Freundlich isotherm. The apparent adsorption rate constant is k_ 298 =4.68 ×10 -5 ?s -1 . The coordinate ratio of the functional radical to Lu 3+ is approximately 4∶1. The best eluant is 1.0?mol·L -1 HCl. The adsorption mechanism of PAR for Lu 3+ was separately confirmed by chemical analysis and IR spectra.

Adsorption and desorption properties of D318 resin for Cr(Ⅵ)

The adsorption capability of D318 resin for Cr（Ⅵ） was investigated by chemistry analysis. Experimental results show that D318 resin has the best adsorption ability for Cr（Ⅵ） at pH=3.16 in HAc-NaAc medium. The statically saturated adsorption capacity of the resin is 265.4 mg/g. The thermodynamic adsorption parameters, enthalpy change AH and free energy change AG298 of the adsorption reaction are 4.81 and -5.16 kJ/mol, respectively. The apparent activation energy Ea is 22.4 kJ/mol. The adsorption behavior obeys the Freundlich isotherm. The molar coordination ratio of the functional group of resin to Cr（Ⅵ） is 3：2. Cr（Ⅵ） adsorbed on D318 resin can be eluted by 5%NaOH-5%NaCl quantitatively.

Adsorption of BSA on Carbon-coated Fe_3O_4 Microspheres Activated with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-Carbodiimide Hydrochloride

Carbon-coated Fe3O4（ Fe3O4/C） microspheres activated with 1-ethyl-3-（3-dimethylaminopropyl）-carbodiimide hydrochloride（EDC） were prepared, characterized and applied to adsorb bovine serum albumin（BSA）. The prepared magnetic microspheres had spherical core-shell structure with a uniform and continuous carbon coating coupled with activation by EDC, and possessed superparamagnetic characteristics. The experimental results showed that the adsorption amount of BSA on the EDC-activated Fe3O4/C（Fe3O4/C-EDC） microspheres was higher than that on the Fe3O4/C microspheres. The maximum adsorption of BSA on Fe3O4/C-EDC microspheres occurred at pH 4.7, which was the isoelectric point of BSA. At low concentrations（below 1.0 M）, salt had no noticeable effect on BSA adsorption. The BSA adsorption of Fe3O4/C-EDC microspheres had a better fit to the Langmuir model than the Freundlich isotherm and Temkin isotherm model, and the kinetic data were well described by the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption equilibrium could be reached within 20 min. High desorption efficiency（97.6%） of BSA from Fe3O4/C-EDC microspheres was obtained with 0.5 M Na2HPO4（pH 9.4） as the desorbent.

Efficient adsorption removal and adsorption mechanism of basic fuchsin by recyclable Fe_(3)O_(4)@CD magnetic microspheres

Excessive discharge of dye wastewater has brought serious harm to human health and the environment.In this paper,a magnetic absorbent,ferroferric oxide@β-cyclodextrin(Fe_(3)O_(4)@CD),was prepared for the efficient adsorption removal of basic fuchsin(BF)from dye wastewater,based on the special amphiphilicity ofβ-CD and the strong magnetism of Fe_(3)O_(4).A series of influence factors including the initial dye concentration,adsorbent dosage,temperature and pH were investigated,as well as the adsorption mechanism.The results show that Fe_(3)O_(4)@CD has the best adsorption and removal effect on BF dye at room temperature and neutral pH,when the initial concentration of dye is 25 mg/L and the adsorbent dosage is 100 mg.The adsorption behavior conforms to the pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm,and the adsorption process is spontaneously endothermic.Fe_(3)O_(4)@CD adsorbed with BF dye can be rapidly separated under an external magnetic field and then easily regenerated by HCl treatment.After 5 times of recycling,the removal rate of the prepared magnetic composite on BF dye is kept above 75%.This work will provide an economic and eco-friendly technology for the treatment of the actual dye wastewater.

STUDIES OF OXYGEN ADSORPTION AND INITIAL OXIDATION ON SINGLE CRYSTAL Mn_5Si_3(111) SURFACE

Kinetics of oxygen adsorption on single crystal Mn5Si3 （111） surface and initial surface oxidation were investigated. Oxygen chemisorbs dissociatively at room temperature on Mn and Si atoms. A fast oxidation of Si atoms occurs followed by oxidation of Mn atoms at RT. The MnO2 was reduced by Si atoms and the SiO was oxidized further to SiO2 during the sample heating.

Comments on“Adsorption behavior of heavy metal ions by carbon nanotubes grown on microsized Al_2O_3 particles”

Recently, Hsieh and Horng [1] published the paper entitled as above. In section 3 results and discussion, the authors mentioned the first and the second order kinetic models without any quotations. In fact these two kinetic models have been published [2-5]. In order to distinguish a kinetics model based on the ad- sorption capacity of a solid from the one based on the concentration of a solution, Lagergren＇s first-order rate equation has been called pseudo-first-order [6-7]. The Lagergren＇s equation has been widely cited, but there are far more mistakes made in the quotation and in the reference section of papers, including the title, the author＇s name, journal title, year of publishing, volume, and page number [3]. In addition, the second order kinetic expression for the adsorption systems of divalent metal ions using sphagnum moss peat has been reported by Ho [8].

Synthesis of Li^+ adsorbent(H_2TiO_3) and its adsorption properties

H2TiO3 was obtained from the acid-modified adsorbent precursor Li2TiO3,which was synthesized by a solid-phase reaction between TiO2 and Li2CO3.The extraction ratio of Li＋ from Li2TiO3 was 98.86%,almost with no Ti4＋ extracted.The effects of lithium titanium ratio,calcining temperature and time were investigated on the synthesis of Li2TiO3.Li2TiO3,H2TiO3 and the adsorbed Li＋ adsorbent were characterized by XRD and SEM.The lithium adsorption properties were investigated by the adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm.The results indicate that H2TiO3 has an excellent adsorptive capacity for Li＋.Two simplified kinetic models including the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order equations were selected to follow the adsorption processes.The rate constants of adsorption for these kinetic models were calculated.The results show that the adsorption process can be described by the pseudo-second-order equation,and the process is proved to be a chemical adsorption.The adsorption process that H2TiO3 adsorbs Li＋ in LiCl solution well fits the Langmuir equation with monolayer adsorption.

Adsorption of Cr(VI) by modified chitosan from heavy-metal polluted water of Xiangjiang River, China

Methacrylic acid was used together with a molecular imprinting technique to modify chitosan. In addition, the adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms were recorded and the results were analyzed to investigate reparative adsorption for Cr（VI） from the polluted Xiangjiang River water. A comparative X-ray analysis shows that the degree of crystallization in the imprinted polymer was significantly weakened, the area of the non-crystalline region was larger. There were more adsorption sites in the imprinted polymer, and the adsorption capacity towards Cr（VI） was increased. The adsorption capacity of the imprinted polymer towards Cr（VI） increased with time and reaches saturation after 8 h. The optimal adsorption time was 4-8 h after the adsorption starting and the optimal pH value for the solution was in the range of 4.5-7.5. When the chitosan reaches saturation, the adsorption capacity achieves a state of equilibrium, and the maximum Cr（VI） extraction rate reaches 33.7%. Moreover, the adsorption capacity of the imprinted polymer towards Cr（VI） increases with increasing chitosan concentration. In this situation, the Cr（VI） extraction rate shows little variation, and the maximum removal rate can reach 98.3%. Furthermore, the Cr（VI） extraction rate increases with an increase in the degree of deacetylation in the chatoyant and chitosan, with the best adsorption effect corresponding to 90% deacetylation. Fitting the adsorption data to the quasi first- and second-order kinetic models yields correlation coefficients of 0.9013 and 0.9875, respectively. The corresponding rate constants for the two models are 0.0091 min-1 and 7.129 g/（mg.min）, respectively. Hence, the adsorption using Cr（VI）-imprinted chitosan is more consistent with the second-order kinetics. Comparing the data to Freundlich and Langrnuir adsorption isotherms shows that the latter has a better linear fit and a maximum adsorption capacity of 15.784 mg/g.

以NH_(2)-MIL-53(Al)为前驱体制备多孔掺碳Al_(2)O_(3)吸附剂及其对水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能

铬是污染性金属元素,铬含量是水质污染控制的一项重要指标,其中Cr(Ⅵ)的毒性最大,且易被人体吸收.本研究以水中的Cr(Ⅵ)吸附传质分离为目标,利用以铝为金属源水热法合成的铝基MOFs为前驱体,600℃煅烧后制备了多孔掺碳Al_(2)O_(3)吸附材料,利用现代分析技术对其进行微观结构表征,探究了其吸附作用能力与机制.研究结果表明,XRD、SEM、BET等表征手段证明了NH_(2)-MIL-53(Al)与多孔掺碳Al_(2)O_(3)结构的成功合成.前驱体NH_(2)-MIL-53(Al)和煅烧后的衍生物多孔掺碳Al_(2)O_(3),在形貌上相似,且多孔掺碳Al_(2)O_(3)材料(180.24 m^(2)·g^(-1))的比表面积要大于NH_(2)-MIL-53(Al)(116.73 m^(2)·g^(-1)).多孔掺碳Al_(2)O_(3)材料对Cr(Ⅵ)的平衡吸附量最大可达到671.56 mg·g^(-1).吸附动力学模型拟合结果显示,多孔掺碳Al_(2)O_(3)材料对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附行为与Langmuir等温线模型和伪二阶动力学模型更加拟合.研究显示,多孔掺碳Al_(2)O_(3)材料可以作为除Cr材料实现对Cr(Ⅵ)的高效去除.

基于CX3CL1/CX3CR1信号通路探讨加味补阳还五汤对卒中后抑郁大鼠神经可塑性的影响

目的探究加味补阳还五汤对卒中后抑郁(PSD)大鼠神经可塑性的影响。方法60只大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、氟西汀组及加味补阳还五汤低、中、高剂量组,采用复合方法制备PSD模型,加味补阳还五汤低、中、高剂量组给予不同剂量加味补阳还五汤(6.7、13.4、26.8 g/kg)灌胃,氟西汀组给予氟西汀(1.8 mg/kg)灌胃,假手术组和模型组给予等体积蒸馏水灌胃,连续21 d。给药结束后,进行神经功能、行为学评分,HE、尼氏染色观察脑组织病理变化,免疫荧光染色观察神经元(Neun)和小胶质细胞(Iba1)之间相互作用,Western blot法检测神经趋化因子(CX3CL1)、CX3CR1、磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)、苏氨酸激酶(Akt)蛋白表达。结果与模型组比较,各给药组神经功能缺损评分降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),旷场活动总距离和进入中央区域频次增加(P<0.05,P<0.01),不动时间缩短(P<0.05);加味补阳还五汤中、高剂量组和氟西汀组新奇摄食潜伏期缩短(P<0.01),缺血侧海马细胞排列整齐,细胞水肿减轻,细胞基本正常,尼氏小体增多,CX3CL1/Neun、CX3CR1/Iba1荧光强度增强(P<0.05),CX3CL1、CX3CR1、PI3K、p-Akt蛋白表达升高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论加味补阳还五汤对PSD大鼠具有抗抑郁、神经保护作用,其机制可能与调控CX3CL1/CX3CR1信号通路关键因子、增强神经可塑性有关。

80-3Cr油管钢在CO_(2)驱环境下的性能研究与应用

针对CO_(2)驱高CO_(2)分压、高H_(2)S分压、低温井筒环境造成N80、P110管柱失效的问题,开展了80-3Cr、N80、P110三种管材的耐CO_(2)腐蚀、抗H_(2)S应力腐蚀开裂、耐低温冷脆对比评价试验。结果表明,不同CO_(2)工况条件下,N80、P110、80-3Cr油管在添加缓蚀剂情况下的腐蚀速率分别为0.0549 mm/a、0.0645 mm/a、0.0333 mm/a;80-3Cr油管的腐蚀速率明显低于N80、P110油管;80-3Cr油管在不同H_(2)S环境下均未出现应力腐蚀开裂,具有较好的抗H_(2)S应力腐蚀性能;在-20℃的低温环境下,N80和P110油管冲击功分别只有80-3Cr油管的62.6%和23.2%;80-3Cr油管在CO_(2)驱油现场应用后,管柱失效率从2019年的20%下降到0,取得显著效果。

Adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ) in Water with Phosphoric Acid Modified and Ordinary Walnut Shells

A comparison between the effects of ordinary walnut shell and phosphoric acid modified walnut shell on adsorption of Cr（Ⅵ） was carried out. The experimental results showed that owing to larger surface void of modified walnut shell its adsorption of Cr（Ⅵ） was better. When the temperature was 35 ℃, adsorbent particle size was 1.0-1.6 mm, shaker shock rate was 200 r/min, and dosage of walnut shell was 0.80 g, the Cr（Ⅵ） removal rate reached 99.4%. The fitting of adsorption isotherm and kinetics model showed that, Langmuir isotherm model could reflect the adsorption process of modified walnut shell; and both the adsorption processes of ordinary and modified walnut shells accorded with the pseudo-second-order kinetic equations.

20Cr2Ni3钢顶头表面氧化膜断裂行为的数值研究

基于试验数据,利用扩展有限元方法(extended finite element method,XFEM)和内聚力模型(cohesive zone model,CZM),对20Cr2Ni3钢顶头表面氧化膜的断裂行为进行了数值分析,研究了氧化膜受力方向和孔洞对裂纹生长行为的影响。结果表明:氧化膜受力方向影响裂纹扩展路径,外层氧化膜裂纹尖端的J积分和应力强度因子K_I随着θ角(受力方向与氧化膜的夹角)的增大而减小,当θ角增大到90°时裂纹停止生长;外层氧化膜上孔洞使得裂纹尖端的J积分和应力强度因子K_I减小。同时,孔洞的存在使得外力传递到内层氧化膜时产生应力集中和偏移,导致内层裂纹受力不均,减小了受力方向对内层裂纹生长的影响。

高热稳定性近红外荧光粉BaY_(2)Al_(2)Ga_(2)SiO_(12):Cr^(3+)的合成及发光性质

近年来,近红外荧光粉转换发光二极管(NIR pc-LED)在夜视、生物成像和无损检测等领域引起了广泛关注。然而,获得兼具高量子效率和优异热稳定性的近红外荧光粉仍然是一个巨大挑战。本文利用高温固相法合成了一种新型近红外荧光粉BaY_(2)Al_(2)Ga_(2)SiO_(12):Cr^(3+)(BYAGSO:Cr^(3+)),并系统研究了材料的结构和发光性质。在440 nm蓝光激发下,BYAGSO:Cr^(3+)荧光粉的发射光谱在650~850 nm范围内呈现锐线和宽带的混合发射,源于Cr^(3+):^(2)E→^(4)A_(2)自旋禁戒跃迁和^(4)T_(2)→^(4)A_(2)自旋允许跃迁发射。该近红外发光表现出可观的量子效率和良好的热稳定性,最优化样品的外量子效率可达30.3%,在200℃时样品的发光强度可保持其在室温时强度的99%。通过将BYAGSO:Cr^(3+)荧光粉与450 nm蓝光LED芯片结合,我们封装了一个NIR pc‐LED器件。该器件在300m A驱动电流下,输出功率为70.83 mW;在20m A驱动电流下,光电转换效率为11.20%。研究结果表明,BY-AGSO:Cr^(3+)在NIR pc-LED领域具有良好的应用前景。

多格位阳离子共掺提升LiScSi_(2)O_(6)∶Cr^(3+)近红外荧光粉的光吸收

采用高温固相法制备Na^(+)、In^(3+)、Ge^(4+)单掺或共掺杂的LiScSi_(2)O_(6)∶Cr^(3+)荧光粉,通过漫反射光谱、光致激发和发射光谱、量子效率测试等手段对其光吸收及光致发光性能进行了研究。实验结果表明,Na^(+)、In^(3+)、Ge^(4+)等离子单独掺杂均可提升LiScSi_(2)O_(6)∶Cr^(3+)荧光粉对460 nm蓝光的吸收,而多格位阳离子共掺可进一步增强光吸收能力,吸收效率可从最初的50.5%提升至60.9%。多格位离子单掺或共掺引起Cr^(3+)占据八面体结构畸变程度增加,从而导致光吸收增强。优化荧光体系LiSc_(0.4)In_(0.6)Si_(1.6)Ge_(0.4)O_(6)∶Cr^(3+)的近红外发射峰波长为860 nm,半高宽为160 nm,内、外量子效率分别为72.5%和41.8%,封装制成的荧光转换型LED器件在100 mA驱动电流下近红外光输出功率为63.1 mW,近红外电光转换效率为22.3%,表现出较好的近红外发光综合性能。本研究工作为增强Cr^(3+)激活近红外荧光粉的光吸收提供了一种有效手段。

9Cr3W3Co耐热钢锻造工艺数值模拟及实验研究

通过Deform 3D模拟了9Cr3W3Co耐热钢连续多道次锻造工艺,分析了等效应力、等效应变场和温度场的分布规律。基于模拟结果,优化了锻造工艺,并通过Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机对9Cr3W3Co耐热钢进行不同变形参数多道次热压缩实验,分析了不同变形参数下的热变形行为,结合热模拟真应力-真应变曲线和显微组织,验证了模拟的准确性。结果表明,模拟后的优化锻造工艺为应变速率5 s^(-1),变形方式为先大变形后小变形,变形后的坯料心部温度分布均匀,为951~970℃,等效应变分布均匀,为2.15~2.19。当应变速率为5 s^(-1)时,动态再结晶晶粒尺寸随变形温度的升高而变大,采用先大压下量后小压下量的方式,可获得完全再结晶的等轴晶,平均晶粒尺寸为15μm,变形后组织均匀性更好。结合微观组织演变结果分析,模拟实验具有可行性,实验结果与模拟结果基本吻合。

李氏禾内生细菌Bacillus cereus J01吸附Cr^(3+)的研究

为考察李氏禾内生细菌蜡样芽孢杆菌Bacillus cereus J01菌株吸附Cr^(3+)的性能,以蜡样芽孢杆菌Bacillus cereus J01失活菌体作为生物吸附剂,采用单因素实验方法考察pH、温度、Cr^(3+)初始浓度、吸附剂用量、吸附时间等条件对Cr^(3+)吸附性能的影响,分析其等温吸附过程、动力学过程及热力学过程,并采用红外光谱方法对吸附机理进行初步分析。结果表明:(1)在50 mL反应体系中,当pH值为6、温度为40℃、Cr^(3+)初始浓度为150 mg·L^(-1)、吸附剂投加量为0.2 g、吸附时间为12 h时,蜡样芽孢杆菌Bacillus cereus J01失活菌体对Cr^(3+)的吸附性能达到最佳,其平衡吸附量和Cr^(3+)去除率分别为34.30 mg·g^(-1)、91.60%。(2)等温吸附过程分析结果显示,朗格缪尔吸附等温模型能更好地模拟蜡样芽孢杆菌Bacillus cereus J01失活菌体对Cr^(3+)的吸附,其吸附过程更倾向于单分子层吸附。(3)吸附过程动力学分析结果显示,蜡样芽孢杆菌Bacillus cereus J01失活菌体对Cr^(3+)的吸附更符合准二级动力学速率方程。(4)吸附过程热力学分析结果显示,在40℃下,吸附过程的△G、△H和△S分别为-2.609 kJ·mol^(-1)、61.792 kJ·mol^(-1)和206.11 J·mol^(-1),该温度下吸附过程是自发过程。(5)红外光谱分析结果显示,蜡样芽孢杆菌Bacillus cereus J01失活菌体对Cr^(3+)的吸附可能通过细胞成分中的氨基、羟基和羰基起作用。该研究结果表明该菌的失活菌体对Cr^(3+)具有较强的吸附性能,并在铬污染的环境治理中具有较好的应用潜力。

Cr^(3+)掺杂的宽带近红外荧光粉研究进展

荧光转换型近红外发光二极管(NIR pc-LED)具有体积小、谱带宽和峰位易调谐等优点,是新一代NIR光源发展的前沿,其关键在于研发可被蓝光有效激发的高效率宽带近红外荧光粉。面向广泛研究的Cr^(3+)激活近红外发光材料,本文综述了发射峰在800~900 nm波段材料发展现状。基于磷酸盐、硼酸盐和硅锗酸盐等体系,阐述了其结构特征与近红外发光峰位、谱带宽度的关系,以及采用工艺优化、组分调节和共掺杂等方法调控近红外发光效率、热稳定性能的效果。