A Holistic Approach to Enhance FRCS General Surgery Examination Training Using Adult Learning Model: A Non-Profit Initiative

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of adult learning and simulation-based learning (SBL) on surgical trainees’ learning experiences and Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons (FRCS) Section 2 General Surgery examination pass rate. Methods: This was a cross-sequential study involving 148 surgical candidates (72 UK trainees, 75 non-UK trainees) who had attended our revision course (Phoenix FRCS Course) from June 2017 until 2023. Each course comprised a two-day weekend preparation with dedicated sections for clinical, viva, and academic reading, incorporating SBL as its key learning style. We maintained a prospective database of candidate and course details, examination results, and feedback since the course inception. Results: We found that 97% of candidates passed the FRCS examination after their first attempt. The course was attended once by 89% of candidates, and only 3 of the 148 candidates exhausted all four attempts at the examination. Candidate feedback for the course and its style of learning was positive, with simulation-based table viva sessions and virtual clinical sessions proving the most popular learning sessions (95% and 80% of candidates attending courses run in December 2017, April 2018, and May 2021 rated them “Excellent” respectively). Conclusions: The course is centered around shared adult learning and mindfulness tools to encourage candidates to learn from each other and develop confidence and mastery in all domains of surgical practice. These methods have been shown to be effective in achieving high success rates in the Intercollegiate and International FRCS examinations for UK and overseas surgeons.

A Comparison of the lexical processing in Children's Word Acquisition and in Adults' Word Learning

Children can acquire knowledge of their mother tongue easily in a relatively short time,whereas adults are too inferior to bear the comparison in learning a second language.This paper sets out to study the background and process of children's and adults' language learning,make comparison and contrast,and find out an effective way to promote adults' second language learning.

Feature selection and machine learning approach for carotid atherosclerosis in asymptomatic adults

Objective:The presence of carotid atherosclerosis reflects the overall atherosclerotic load and may predict cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents.Studies have reported risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis.However,few practical models have been established to predict carotid atherosclerosis risk.Thus,this study was conducted to investigate important features of carotid atherosclerosis and to propose a machine learning-based method for predicting carotid atherosclerosis in asymptomatic adults.Methods:Cross-sectional study was conducted using routine medical check-up data of individuals from January 2019 to January 2020.Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed to correlate the features.Then,features were selected by python’s feature-selection library and analyzed through three algorithms.Multiple machine learning algorithms,including Decision Tree,Random Forest and Logistic Regression(LR)were used to predict the risk of carotid atherosclerotic plaques and compared their precision,accuracy,recall,F1-score and area under the curve.Results:A total of 150 individuals were enrolled in this study,30(20%)of them were found with carotid atherosclerotic plaques.Sex,age,body mass index,total cholesterol,Systolic blood pressure(SBP),and carbohydrate antigen 724(CA724)were independently correlated to carotid atherosclerosis.Pepsinogen Ⅰ and pepsinogen Ⅱ serum levels had no correlations with Carotid intima-media thickness and pulse wave velocity.SBP,diastolic blood pressure age,low-density lipoprotein,Pepsinogen I,pepsinogen II,body mass index,Waist,CA724,and Uric Acid contribute to the cumulative importance of 0.9,and SBP was the most crucial feature for carotid atherosclerosis.LR algorithm has the precision(0.92),values of recall(0.91),F1(0.9),and area under the curve(0.95),and showed the optimal performance to predict the presence or absence of carotid atherosclerosis in asymptomatic adults.The code for analysis in this article was uploaded to GitHub(https://github.com/ganbingliangyi/machine-learning).Conclusions:SBP was the most crucial feature in ranking features,the LR algorithm showed the optimal performance to predict the presence or absence of carotid atherosclerosis in asymptomatic adults.

Aspiring for competence in a multifaceted everyday life:A qualitative study of adult students’experiences of a blended learning master programme in Norway

Aim:To gain knowledge of how adult students experienced the first year of a blended learning master programme to better understand their learning process.Methods:A qualitative,exploratory,descriptive study based on data from two focus group interviews with students attending a blended learning Master programme.Qualitative content analysis based on Graneheim and Lundman’s procedures was applied.Findings:Our analyses revealed one main theme:aspiring for competence in a multifaceted everyday life and four main categories:acquiring professional competence,struggling to manage diverse forms of communication,demanding task juggling and confused student role.Conclusions:The participants experienced that the programme enabled them to acquire professional competence relevant to practice.Despite the challenges,the programme is recommended for prospective students who live in both urban and rural areas,who are working and also responsible for children and other family tasks.

An Empirical Study on the Effectiveness of Language Learning Strategy Training for Chinese Adult English Learners

This paper explores how to implement effective strategy training for part-time Chinese adult English learners in a tertiary FLT （Foreign Language Teaching） classroom. Through a study of threx~ semesters during which six sessions of learner training workshops and constant, integrated task-based instruction were carried out, empirical evidence was collected via the instrument of questionnaires, interviews, learners＇ regular written reports, and the findings indicate that： （1） The students reported a statistically significant increase of the overaU average frequency of language strategy use over all SILL （The Strategy Inventory for Language Learning） items with 2.95 at the beginning and 3.61 at the end; and （2） Well-organized, explicit, and discrete leaner training workshops combined with frequent, explicit, and integrated task-based strategy instruction are an effective and helpful way to improve learners＇ awareness, selection, and frequency of strategy use, which can further foster learner autonomy.

The analysis of adult English vocabulary learning strategies based on network

The article which is on the basis of English learning and adult learning characteristics, propose adult English vocabulary learning strategies based on network, and it thinks that adult learners are based on making full use of network to provide boundary, it overcomes the flaws of adult English and resist the temptation of other information network, and it takes the right vocabulary memory strategies, cognitive strategies, vocabulary learning metacognitive strategies, affective strategies of vocabulary learning and vocabulary learning society strategy ,then it can achieve good vocabulary learning effect.

Innovation in Adult Language Learning Programs: A Case Study of "Livemocha" Online Language Learning Community

Due to the increasing broadband Internet access, VOIP adoption as well as the Web 2.0 concepts, online language learning communities have gained great popularity among adult language learners. Based upon Malcolm Knowles' adult learning theory, this paper analyzes the innovation that online language learning communities have brought to adult language learning programs. At the same time, the limitations of such programs have been pointed out.

A Survey into the Motivations of Adult English Learning

Adult English learners have their own unique characteristics. This research adopts a questionnaire consisting of 9 dimensions to explore their English learning motivations, which turn out to be mainly instrumental ones. And the author has postulated suggestions about adult English teaching.

Workshops Teach Children, Adults to Stand Up for Children's Rights

She clambers up a rock, reaches both hands onto comers of the shabby cement wall and heaves herself up, being careful not to catch her school bag on the protruding bricks. She straddles the top and then jumps gingerly down onto the pebbled ground beside the railway line.

Prisons of Learning——Human rights in the eye of a prisoner

On February 25, 2004, the United States issued its Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2003, distorting the human rights conditions in China, including human rights in Chinese prisons. As a prison inmate in Beijing, I have a say in the human rights conditions in prison based on my personal experience. 1 wrote an article titled "Human Rights in Chinese Prisons in the Eye of a Prison Inmate," which was published in the journal Human Rights (Issue No. 6,2003 of English Edition). Now I’d like to say something about the right to education in Chinese prisons.

Concept and Feasibility of Offering Human Rights Courses in China's Institutions of Higher Learning

Doubtlessly, the term ＂human rights＂ has become a world language in the 21st century. China has written ＂The state respects and protects human rights＂ into its constitution, thus opening up a new period of constitutional construction and human rights cause. This great term ＂human rights＂ does not only contain specific rights that can be put into practice but also carry dignity, equality, freedom and other value systems and moral requirements.

The Analysis of the Impact of Two Factors—Motivation and Attitude in Adult Foreign Language Learning

This paper is mainly about how the two affective factors—motivation and attitude influence adults' foreign language learning. The topic is discussed from the aspect of some factors which indirectly influence adults' language learning through influencing their learning motivation. Also positive attitude will promote adult foreign language learning.

面向成人教育的E-learning系统中学习动机的激发与维持策略研究

分析国内外学习动机激发与维持策略的现状,针对成人学习者时间零散、地域分散,自我监督能力不强,学习动机难于维持等特征,提出面向成人教育的E-learning环境中学习动机激发与维持策略的设计方案,以经典TC动机设计模型为理论基础,将每个学习序列,依据时间的连续性,分为学习初始阶段、学习中期阶段和学习后期阶段。每个阶段分别对应态度和需求、刺激和情感、能力和强化等影响学习动机的因素。针对各阶段的学习动机影响因素应采取相应的策略,以激发和维持E-learning环境下成人学习者的学习动机。

E-learning与成人学习方法的改革

从E-learning发展起因出发,探讨E-learning的特点,可见基于信息资源的学习(Resource-Based Learning)是E-learning的重要特征,可在此基础上根据成人教育的特点,对成人学习方法改革的意义及如何改革进行思考。

Is There an Optimum Age For Foreign Language Learning?

Age is one of the factors which influnce foreign language learning, but not the most important one. Comparision on the effect of foreign language learning between adults and children cannot rely merely on age. So the question of an optimum age for foreign language learning is not a simple one which is only related to age. There are different optimum ages for different aims and demands of learning foreign language.

A Reflection on the Critical Period Hypothesis in Second Language Learning

This paper reviews the second language (hereafter L2) acquisition hypothesis and theories, examines the Critical Period Hypothesis, and, taking English as an example, briefly discusses the problems confronting Chinese adult L2 learners.

The Adult Ventricular Septum;A Unique Portion of the Left and Right Ventricle

The ventricular septum separates the right and left ventricles and thus is part of both ventricles.It is directed obliquely backward to the right,and curved with the convexity toward the right ventricle;it must be emphasized that the total cardiac septum has a complex,longitudinal twist and does not lie in any single plane.Its upper and posterior part,is thin and fibrous,and is termed the membranous ventricular septum.The greater portion of the septum is thick and muscular and constitutes the muscular ventricular septum.The ventricular septum consists of two layers,a thin layer on the RV side and a thicker layer on the LV side[1].The major septal arteries tend to run between these two layers.

Age in Relation to Second Language Learning

In the research field of the second language learning, age has been the focus for the linguists. This paper first reviews the researchon age by linguists, then analyzes age differences in different learning situations, and discusses the preferable age in second language learning inChina.

Right Words for Curious“Look,Listen and Learn”

In 1040,Lady Godiva“rode naked on a horse throughCoventry—a city in England. She was trying to persuade herhusband,the Earl of Chester,not to make the townspeoplepay more taxes.To show respect,everyone in the town stayedindoors so that they would not see her.One man peeped—quickly looked—through his window and so became known