Design and analysis of an advanced thermal management system for the solar close observations and proximity experiments spacecraft

In this paper,the mission and the thermal environment of the Solar Close Observations and Proximity Experiments(SCOPE)spacecraft are analyzed,and an advanced thermal management system(ATMS)is designed for it.The relationship and functions of the integrated database,the intelligent thermal control system and the efficient liquid cooling system in the ATMS are elaborated upon.For the complex thermal field regulation system and extreme space thermal environment,a modular simulation and thermal field planning method are proposed,and the feasibility of the planning algorithm is verified by numerical simulation.A solar array liquid cooling system is developed,and the system simulation results indicate that the temperatures of the solar arrays meet the requirements as the spacecraft flies by perihelion and aphelion.The advanced thermal management study supports the development of the SCOPE program and provides a reference for the thermal management in other deep-space exploration programs.

A study of current status of acceptance and influencing factors of advance care planning for patients with malignant tumors

Objective:To assess the ACP acceptance among patients with malignant tumor in China and factors affecting adoption and timing.Methods:Quantitative study:The convenience sampling method was adopted from October 2020 to October 2021 to investigate 200 oncology patients by a general information questionnaire,patient's advance care planning acceptance questionnaire(ACPQ).Multiple linear stepwise regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of ACP acceptance.Qualitative study:A purposive sampling method was used to select 31 oncology patients and 13 clinical nurses for semi-structured interviews.The data were analyzed using Colaizzi's seven steps.Results:The quantitative study revealed that patients with malignancy had an upper-middle acceptance score of(66.15±7.684)for ACP,with attitude(11.26±2.064),feelings(36.64±4.208),and intention(18.25±3.275)scores.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that religious beliefs,education,monthly income,bereavement experience and notification of condition were independent risk factors for acceptance of ACP(P<0.05).The qualitative study showed that(1)oncology patients have low awareness,high demand,and low acceptability of ACP intervention;(2)they preferred to discuss ACP when medical condition or treatment plan changes;(3)family members were usually involved in ACP discussions,followed by medical personnel;(4)economy,environment,companion,and doctor-patient relationship will all influence ACP implementation.As for nurses,they(1)were unsure about the dynamic changes of ACP content and its optimal timing;(2)had limited ACP knowledge;(3)were affected by environmental factors and nurse-patient relationships;(4)were prone to have disagreements due to inadequate organization department assistance.Conclusions:clinical practitioners should discuss ACP with patients in specific conditions to increase patient acceptance.ACP development requires updated legislation,professional training,and a standardized ACP system.

PCB制造中OLT计算模型与APS预排功能的协同优化

在PCB(Printed Circuit Board,印制电路板)制造领域,准确的交期预测对于提升客户满意度和市场竞争力至关重要。文章将OLT(Order Lead Time,订单周期)科学计算模型与AP S(Advanced Planning and Scheduling,高级计划与排程)系统的订单预排功能相结合,以提高PCB工厂的交期预测准确性和订单交付效率。首先,分析了现有OLT计算方法的局限性。基于此,本文根据业务流程对OLT进行细化,并引入一种考虑在制数量和资源分配的加工周期计算模型。进一步,阐述APS系统的订单预排功能的算法逻辑,并利用该功能模拟多订单、多资源、多目标下的排产,估算订单的排程与交期。最后,通过案例展示了在实际生产环境中两者的交叉验证和结合应用,突显了本文方法在科学预测生产周期、提升订单履行率和增强客户满意度方面的显著优势。

APS在智能工厂的应用

随着工业4.0时代的到来,智能工厂的建设成为制造业转型升级的重要方向。高级计划与排程系统(APS)作为智能工厂的核心技术之一,通过智能算法对生产计划和排程进行优化,实现了生产流程的高效与灵活。本文深入探讨了APS在智能工厂中的应用价值,指出其不仅能够显著提高生产效率、降低生产成本,还能显著提升客户满意度。通过实时监控生产数据和动态调整生产计划,APS系统确保了生产资源的合理分配和生产流程的最优执行,从而提高了整体生产效率。同时,APS通过优化排程和减少库存积压,有效降低了生产成本。此外,APS还助力企业准时交付高质量产品,显著提升了客户满意度。本文还结合具体案例,展示了APS在某汽车制造企业中的成功应用,详细分析了其实施前后的变化及成效,进一步验证了APS在智能工厂中的实际应用价值。

The perceptions and experiences of advanced cancer patients and their families in advance care planning:a systematic review and synthesis of qualitative studies

Background:The goal of this study was to conduct a meta-synthesis of advanced cancer patients’and their relatives’experiences with advanced care planning(ACP)and to provide evidence-based guidance for the development and implementation of ACP in advanced cancer patients.Methods:We searched databases including China Knowledge Network,Wanfang database,VIP database,China Biomedical Literature Database,PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,Cochrane Library,and Cinahl from inception to April 2022 to collect qualitative studies on advanced cancer patients and families'experience about ACP.We use Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research to evaluate the quality of literature.After quality assessment,meta-synthesis was used to summarize and explain the results.Results:Eleven qualitative studies were included involving 29 results and ten categories.Three integrated themes were extracted:facilitators and barriers to the implementation of advanced medical care programs as perceived by patients and families with advanced cancer;attitudes of patients with advanced cancer and their families towards pre-existing medical care programs;suggestions from patients with advanced cancer and their families on the implementation elements of the pre-existing medical care program.Conclusion:ACP is a complex social process and influenced by many factors.It requires joint efforts of different stakeholders to achieve high-quality and successful ACP.

基于MES的某型产线APS系统设计与开发

传统的基于人工的排产、调度和统计的生产模式,在计划编排、生产异常扰动调整及生产进度追踪等方面已无法满足当前实际生产需求。高级计划与排程(APS)系统能够针对有限的生产资源约束,为生产任务精确调配车间生产资源和生产时间,为复杂的生产和供应问题找出最优化的解决方法,确保生产资源的充分合理应用。针对某产线的实际业务需求和工艺流程特点,在制造执行(MES)系统基础上,设计了一种基于MES的APS系统。考虑了生产异常扰动、多工序连续生产、工序资源关联等因素,将生产计划细化至工序级,有效地解决了人工计划排程难度大、生产异常响应慢、排程结果不准确等问题,提高了生产效率。

APS在封装基板智能工厂的设计与应用

文章重点探究先进计划及排配系统在封装基板工厂的设计和应用。鉴于封装基板生产工艺复杂,对生产计划与调度精度要求甚高。APS客制化系统设计综合考虑了封装基板工厂的工艺流程、设备特性和产能等要素,能依据订单需求、库存状况及生产能力,制定详尽灵活且有助于生产最大化的计划。其应用成效斐然,加快生产速度,极大提升资源配置效率,优化生产排程,缩短生产周期,降低生产成本。方法首先可通过需求与供给的匹配提供现有工单交期及投料计划,先以无限产能计算生产速度的权重值,再以有限产能设定各工站约束条件,实现连批生产,使产能最大化,最终实现长期产能规划模拟,提前评估人力、订单、物料及设备需求的变化。同时,通过实时监控和动态调整,增强应对生产不确定性的能力,大幅提高产品交付准时率,为封装基板工厂实现精益化生产、提升市场竞争力提供关键的技术支持与保障。

DYNAMIC ADVANCED PLANNING AND SCHEDULING WITH FROZEN INTERVAL FOR NEW ORDERS

A dynamic advanced planning and scheduling （DAPS） problem is addressed where new orders arrive on a continuous basis. A periodic policy with frozen interval is adopted to increase stability on the shop floor. A genetic algorithm is developed to find a schedule at each rescheduling point for both original orders and new orders that both production idle time and penalties on tardiness and earliness of orders are minimized. The proposed methodology is tested on a small example to illustrate the effect of the frozen interval. The results indicate that the suggested approach can improve the schedule stability while retaining efficiency.

The effect of advance care planning in patients with dementia: a protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis

Aim:To comprehensively synthesize and compare the effect of advance care planning for dementia patients.Design:Systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods:Ten electronic databases will be searched:the Cochrane Library,PubMed,Medline,Embase,PsycINFO,CINAHL PLUS,Scopus,Web of Science,British Nursing Index,clinical Trials,and grey literature sources.Individually or cluster randomized controlled trials that evaluated advance care planning in people with dementia will be incorporated.The research screening flow diagrams will be detailed in the PRISMA flow chart.Data extraction will be carried out in Microsoft Excel 2019 independently by two researchers,any disagreements will be discussed with the third researcher and resolved.We will use the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool to assess the methodological quality.Review Manager 5.3 Software will be used for data synthesis.If sufficient data from studies are available,we will conduct a subgroup analysis of the main outcomes.Conclusion:The systematic review will combine existing trials which may contribute to more convincing conclusions,providing new ideas for medical workers to implement palliative therapy in dementia patients,and further promoting the application of advance care planning for dementia patients.

Advance care planning readiness for Chinese older people:An integrative review and conceptual framework

Advance care planning is a process of discussion in which patients can communicate their end-of-life care preferences to family members and health care providers for consideration.Readiness for advance care planning is a patient's preparedness to engage in advance care planning.This review aims to develop the conceptual framework for advance care planning readiness for Chinese older people.The current knowledge from the published studies was identified and synthesized by an integrative review.The conceptual framework was developed based on the social-ecological model and the theory of planned behavior.The factors from the social environment/community,health care professionals,and individual/family layers were defined.These factors may influence an individual's medical decision-making,which in turn triggers individual behavioral mechanisms that arise from interactions between motivations,attitudes,and beliefs.Relevant factors should be considered when assessing the behavior of personnel engaged in advance care planning or formulating appropriate intervention measures to improve advance care planning par ticipation in China.This framework can be used to guide studies that explore how the social/familial/individual factors predict the readiness for advance care planning among Chinese older people,and to design intervention studies to test the effect of family function on the readiness for advance care planning.

中国石油陆上中-高成熟度页岩油勘探现状、进展与未来思考

中国石油天然气集团公司(简称中国石油)矿权区陆相页岩油地质资源丰富,“十三五”资源评价,中国石油陆上中-高熟页岩油(简称页岩油)地质资源量201×108t,占中国页岩油地质资源总量的71%。鄂尔多斯盆地延长组7段、松辽盆地青山口组和准噶尔盆地芦草沟组等重点层系的产量显著增长,中国石油页岩油年产量从2010年的2.5×10^(4)t增至2023年的391.6×10^(4)t,勘探潜力巨大。研究表明:近年来由于陆相不同类型页岩油具有地质特征非均质性强、富集高产因素明显差异的特点,其效益勘探存在地质认识与勘探技术的双重挑战。特别是:(1)夹层型页岩油虽在鄂尔多斯盆地长71+2亚段(延长组7段1+2亚段)实现规模勘探,但勘探靶体钻遇率变化大,深湖区细粒沉积体系研究薄弱,靶体空间展布刻画技术的准确性仍需提升;(2)混积型页岩油地层垂向厚度大、岩性频繁变化、发育多套地质甜点,在柴达木盆地、渤海湾盆地虽然实现了勘探突破,但垂向地质甜点产量差异明显,页岩油高产主控因素不清,主力靶体评价优选技术、方法仍需完善;(3)页岩型页岩油在松辽盆地青山口组实现了古龙页岩油勘探突破,但陆相湖盆不同类型页岩生、排烃差异明显,页岩原位滞留烃特征变化大,地质-工程一体化靶体评价技术、方法仍需深化研究。总体上中国石油页岩油勘探开发仍处于快速推进阶段,未来应:(1)加强淡水湖盆深湖区多类型砂体成因机制研究,实现薄层浊积砂体等夹层型页岩油效益勘探;(2)加强咸化湖盆富碳酸盐混积型页岩油源-储组合评价,优选主体靶体实现混积型页岩油高效勘探;(3)加强淡水、咸化湖盆优质源岩生、排烃差异性评价,优选最佳靶体,实现不同湖盆页岩型页岩油地质-工程一体化精细勘探。

决策支持框架理论干预在晚期癌症患者预立医疗照护计划中的应用

目的探讨决策支持框架理论干预在晚期癌症患者预立医疗照护计划中的应用效果。方法采用便利抽样法选取某肿瘤医院2023年3-6月收治的晚期癌症患者58例为对照组,2023年7-10月收治的同类患者58例为干预组。对照组采用常规护理方法,干预组在对照组基础上实施决策支持框架理论干预。比较两组患者预立医疗照护计划准备度与决策冲突得分情况。结果干预组患者预立医疗照护计划准备度总分及各维度得分均高于对照组,决策冲突总分及各维度得分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论基于决策支持框架的预立医疗照护计划干预,能提高患者预立医疗照护计划准备度,降低决策冲突水平,对提高晚期癌症患者具有重要意义。

“双高计划”背景下高职院校师资队伍国际化水平提升路径研究

高职院校师资队伍国际化水平的提升有利于促进中国高职专业建设标准与国际融通,有利于高职院校人才培养模式国际化和合理化,有利于高职院校管理模式更加国际化和规范化。但是,目前的相关工作中依然存在“缺乏核心团队,引领意识不强”“培训途径单一,交流活动局限”“自身能力不足,难以满足需求”“激励机制不够,堵点尚未打通”4个方面的问题。因此,在“双高计划”背景下高职院校师资队伍国际化水平提升方面,应不断提升核心团队竞争力,让“主动”成为常态;加强顶层设计与指导,拓展多元化培养途径;抓好“五能”培养工程,凝心聚力助推发展;深化体制机制改革,激发全员创新活力。

晚期癌症患者基于共享决策理论的预立医疗照护计划干预

目的探讨基于共享决策理论的预立医疗照护计划干预对晚期癌症患者的实施效果。方法将107例晚期癌症患者按入院时间分为两组,2023年5-7月收治的54例患者为对照组,2023年8-10月收治的53例患者为干预组。对照组实施常规护理干预,干预组在对照组基础上实施基于共享决策理论的预立医疗照护计划干预。干预4周后,比较两组预立医疗照护计划接受度、决策参与满意度及尊严得分。结果干预后干预组预立医疗照护计划接受度总分及各维度得分、决策参与满意度总分显著高于对照组,而尊严总分显著低于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论对晚期癌症患者实施基于共享决策理论的预立医疗照护计划干预,能提高其预立医疗照护计划接受度,改善决策参与满意度,维护临终患者尊严。

晚期胃癌患者预立医疗照护计划准备度现状及影响因素分析

目的调查晚期胃癌患者预立医疗照护计划准备度现状并分析影响因素。方法选取2023年3月-6月我院收治的晚期胃癌患者209例为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、预立医疗照护计划准备度量表进行调查。结果晚期胃癌患者预立医疗照护计划准备度总分为(66.22±8.02)分,处于中等偏上水平;多元线性回归分析结果显示,年龄、病程、ECOG评分、文化程度是晚期胃癌患者预立医疗照护计划准备度的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论晚期胃癌患者预立医疗照护计划准备度处于中等偏上水平,医护人员应提高患者对ACP重要性的认识,同时关注年龄大、病程短、文化程度低、ECOG评分高的患者,促进预立医疗照护计划的普及应用。

缓和医疗中的伦理学问题

随着医疗理念的更新,缓和医疗已成为生命终末期患者照护的重要组成部分,与此同时,其所涉及的伦理学问题日益凸显。本文通过综述国内外缓和医疗伦理学相关研究,旨在梳理缓和医疗中5个关键的伦理学问题,包括讲真话、预立照护计划、维生干预的使用、缓和镇静、安乐死和协助死亡与缓和医疗的关系,为缓和医疗实践提供了伦理学视角,以期帮助从事缓和医疗的专业人员加深认知,更好地为患者及其家属提供高质量照护,同时为相关法律法规和政策的制定提供参考。

出院准备计划+安宁疗护模式对肿瘤晚期患者及主要照顾者的影响

目的 探讨出院准备计划+安宁疗护模式对肿瘤晚期患者及主要照顾者的影响。方法 选择2022年1月至12月江南大学附属医院收治的120例肿瘤晚期患者及其家属为研究对象,根据随机数字表法将其分为参照组和研究组,患者各60例,家属各60名。参照组行常规护理+出院准备计划,研究组在参照组的基础上增加安宁疗护干预。观察两组心理状态及主要照顾者心理应激和生活质量变化情况。结果 干预后,两组抑郁自评量表、焦虑自评量表评分均低于干预前,且研究组低于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组主要照顾者家属应激量表评分均低于干预前,且研究组低于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组主要照顾者生活质量量表评分均高于干预前,且研究组高于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 出院准备计划+安宁疗护用于肿瘤晚期患者,可有效改善患者及其主要照顾者负面情绪,提高照顾者生活质量。

康莱特注射液联合AP化疗方案治疗晚期NSCLC的疗效

目的观察康莱特注射液联合AP化疗方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的疗效。方法选取2020年1月—2022年12月遵义市中医院收治的晚期NSCLC患者60例作为研究对象,以随机抽签法将患者分为AP化疗组30例和联合化疗组30例。AP化疗组患者采取AP化疗方案治疗,联合化疗组患者在AP化疗组基础上予康莱特注射液治疗,2组均以3周为1个化疗周期,持续治疗4个化疗周期。比较2组近期疗效,治疗前后免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、血清肿瘤标志物[糖类抗原125(CA125)、癌胚抗原(CEA)和神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)]及不良反应。结果联合化疗组客观缓解率为70.00%,高于AP化疗组的43.33%(χ^(2)=4.344,P=0.037)。治疗4个化疗周期后,2组IgG及血清CA125、CEA、NSE水平及AP化疗组IgA、IgM水平均较治疗前降低,但联合化疗组IgG、IgA、IgM水平高于AP化疗组,血清CA125、CEA、NSE水平低于AP化疗组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。联合化疗组血小板减少、血红蛋白减少、恶心呕吐发生率低于AP化疗组(P<0.05)。结论晚期NSCLC患者采取康莱特注射液联合AP化疗方案治疗能够降低免疫耐受及血清肿瘤标志物表达,延缓病情进展,降低不良反应发生率,增强疗效。

预立医疗照护计划准备度研究进展

对预立医疗照护计划准备度的评估工具、准备度、影响因素进行综述,指出应探索个性化预立医疗照护计划准备度干预模式,制定符合我国国情的不同人群的准备度评估工具,构建符合本土文化背景的预立医疗照护计划推广模式,推广符合我国文化特色的预立医疗照护计划家庭决策模式,从家庭角度出发提高病人预立医疗照护计划准备度。

基于COM-B模型晚期肺癌患者预立医疗照护计划参与度影响因素分析

目的 基于COM-B模型分析晚期肺癌患者预立医疗照护计划参与度的影响因素,为临床干预决策提供参考。方法 便利选取317例晚期肺癌患者,采用预立医疗照护计划参与问卷、预立医疗照护计划问卷、心理韧性量表等进行调查。根据COM-B模型中能力、机会、动机3维度分析晚期肺癌患者预立医疗照护计划参与度的影响因素。结果 晚期肺癌患者预立医疗照护计划参与度得分为(67.37±6.14)分。多元线性分层回归分析显示,知晓疾病诊断时间,能力因素中预立医疗照护计划知识和心理弹性,动机因素中预立医疗照护计划信念、动机、死亡态度(自然接受)、焦虑和抑郁,机会因素中社会支持是晚期肺癌患者预立医疗照护计划参与度的主要影响因素(均P<0.05),可解释总变异的50.4%。能力因素、动机因素、机会因素的新增解释量分别为18.6%、18.4%、3.4%。结论 晚期肺癌患者预立医疗照护计划参与度偏低,能力和动机因素的影响较大,机会因素的影响相对较小。医护人员需提高晚期肺癌患者预立医疗照护计划相关知识和心理弹性水平,激发预立医疗照护计划信念和动机,树立正确的死亡态度,减轻焦虑和抑郁水平,增加社会支持,以提高预立医疗照护计划的参与。