Analysis of Adverse Reactions in the Treatment of COVID-19 with Three Chinese Patent Medicines and Three Herbal Formulas

Objective To explore the rules and characteristics of the adverse drug reactions(ADRs)of three Chinese patent medicines and three herbal formulas for the treatment of COVID-19,and to provide a reference for clinical safe medication.Methods The cases and ADR reports of the three Chinese patent medicines and three herbal formulas in PubMed,Web of Science,Springer Link,CNKI,Wanfang and VIP database were retrieved from December 2019 to May 2021.Then we extracted and analyzed the effective information included in the literature.Results and Conclusion According to the pre-developed retrieval plan,a total of 136 documents were obtained,and a total of 6 documents met the inclusion criteria finally.553 patients used three Chinese patent medicines and three herbal formulas,and there were 133 cases of adverse reactions.The adverse reactions of patients taking the three Chinese patent medicines and three herbal formulas can all be explained under the theory of traditional Chinese medicine,and the adverse reactions can be eliminated by adding or subtracting the flavor of the medicine or stopping the medicine.

A Time to Event Analysis of Adverse Drug Reactions Due to Tenofovir, Zidovudine and Stavudine in a Cohort of Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Treatment at an Outpatient Clinic in Zimbabwe

Background: Achieving the long terms goals of antiretroviral treatment (ART) requires a careful approach during treatment initiation that takes into account patient’s psychosocial state, availability and accessibility of treatment combinations, and adherence support. Adverse drug reactions that occur during the initial phases have a bearing on treatment outcomes and thus need to be monitored and treated. Objective: This study was done to assess length of time (survival time) it took for clinically significant adverse drug reactions to occur in patients taking Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (N(t)RTI) available for treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection in Zimbabwe. Methods: A retrospective cohort of patient data collected from January 2009 to December 2012 was extracted from an Electronic Health Record database. Data from patients who were initiated on antiretroviral (ARV) drug regimens containing N(t)RTI drugs were analysed for survival time. A sample of 205 patient files was extracted for the time period for survival analysis using adverse drug reactions due to N(t)RTI drugs. Results: After data extraction, a total of 205 patient records were used in determining the time to event analysis of ADR’s in the cohort. The age range for the patients included in the study was 9 - 76 with a mean of 41 years (s.d = 14.8). Patients initiated on stavudine had a lower survival time before a clinically significant ADR compared to tenofovir (-365 days, p-value < 0.0005). Patients on zidovudine also had a less time before a significant reaction compared to those on tenofovir (-230 days;p-value = 0.008). Patients on zidovudine fared better compared to those on stavudine (-134 days;p-value < 0.0005). The mean survival time was highest for tenofovir (618 days), followed by zidovudine (388 days), and then stavudine (254 days).Conclusion: Patients on tenofovir have a longer survival time before a clinically significant adverse reaction. Treatment programmes need to continue commencing patients on tenofovir containing regimens as patients can be maintained for longer periods on this regimen.

Analysis of 8611 Cases of Adverse Reaction Reports of Breviscapine for Injection

[Objectives]To analyze the occurrence rules and factors influencing adverse reactions of breviscapine for injection,explore potential drug risks,and guide the clinical rational medication.[Methods]The retrospective analysis method was used to analyze the case reports of adverse reactions of breviscapine for injection,and analyze the gender and age distribution of the cases,the patient's medication status,the adverse reactions involving organ/system damage and clinical manifestations,the occurrence time,duration,and outcome of the adverse reactions.[Results]Adverse reactions of breviscapine for injection were mainly concentrated in middle-aged and elderly patients aged 45 and above,accounting for 85.35%;in the gender distribution,females were higher than males;adverse reactions involved multiple organ/system damages.Among them,75.86%of patients had adverse reactions after the first medication,and 11.77%of reported patients had concomitant medications.[Conclusions]The adverse reactions caused by breviscapine for injection may be related to the patient's age,gender and irrational medication.

Meta-analysis of single strain probiotics for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori and prevention of adverse events

AIM:To assess the efficacy and safety of single strain probiotics for the:(1) eradication of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori);(2) prevention of adverse events;and(3) prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea associated with eradication therapy.METHODS:We searched Pub Med(1960-2014),EMBASE(1974-2014),Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews(1990-2014),and ISI Web of Science(2000-2014).Additionally,we conducted a grey literature search including contact with National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials Registry,abstracts from annual infectious disease and gastroenterology meetings,experts in the field and correspondence with authors.Randomized controlled trials of H.pylori positive adults or children treated with eradication therapy and assessing the adjunctive therapy with a single strain of probiotics were included.The primary outcomes were the rates of eradication of H.pylori and frequency of patients with adverse events or antibiotic-associated diarrhea.Outcomes were pooled using fixed or random-effects models to calculate the relative risk and corresponding 95%CI and weighted on study size.To explore possible explanations for heterogeneity,a priori subgroup analyses were conducted on daily probiotic dose,study population,and quality of the study.The overall quality of the evidence for each probiotic strain was assessed using the GRADE criteria.RESULTS:A total of 25 randomized controlled trials(28 treatment arms,with a total of 3769 participants) assessed one of six single probiotic strains as adjunctive treatments to standard eradication therapy.Only one probiotic strain significantly improved H.pylori eradication rates:Saccharomyces boulardii(S.boulardii) CNCM I-745 [pooled relative risks(p RR) = 1.11,95%CI:1.07-1.16].Only one probiotic strain(S.boulardii CNCM I-745) significantly prevented any adverse events(p RR = 0.42,95%CI:0.28-0.62).Both S.boulardii CNCM I-745 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG significantlyreduced antibiotic-associated diarrhea(p RR = 0.47,95%CI:0.37-0.60 and p RR = 0.29,95%CI:0.17-0.48,respectively) associated with H.pylori eradication therapy.Meta-regression of sub-groups did not detect significant differences by dose,adult vs pediatric,symptom status,or study quality,but did find significant differences by the strain of probiotic.Potential mild publication bias was found for antibiotic-associated diarrhea,but not for eradication or adverse event outcomes.Analysis of the study quality illuminated areas for improvement in future studies(use of placebos,study size calculations,attrition reasons and discussion of limitations and generalizability).CONCLUSION:The pooled evidence suggests that the adjunctive use of a few probiotic strains may improve H.pylori eradication rates and prevent the development of adverse events and antibiotic-associated diarrhea in those treated with standard eradication therapies.The type of probiotic strain was the most important factor in predicting efficacy.

Efficacy and Safety of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes:A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Objective To assess the efficiency and safety of a novel sodium-glucose co-transporter 2(SGLT2) inhibitor—SGLT2 inhibitors,in combination with insulin for type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM). Methods We searched Medline,Embase,and the Cochrane Collaboration Library to identify the eligible studies published between January 2010 and July 2016 without restriction of language. The Food and Drug Administration(FDA) data and Clinical Trials(http://www.clinicaltrials.gov) were also searched. The included studies met the following criteria:randomized controlled trials; T1DM patients aged between 18 and 65 years old; patients were treated with insulin plus SGLT2 inhibitors for more than 2 weeks; patients' glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c) levels were between 7% and 12%. The SGLT2 inhibitors group was treated with SGLT2 inhibitors plus insulin,and the placebo group received placebo plus insulin treatment. The outcomes should include one of the following items:fasting blood glucose,HbA1c,glycosuria,or adverse effects. Data were analyzed by two physicians independently. The risk of bias was evaluated by using the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool and heterogeneity among studies was assessed using Chi-square test. Random effect model was used to analyze the treatment effects with Revman 5.3. Results Three trials including 178 patients were enrolled. As compared to the placebo group,SGLT2 inhibitor absolutely decreased fasting blood glucose [mean differences(MD)-2.47 mmol/L,95% confidence interval(CI)-3.65 to-1.28,P<0.001] and insulin dosage(standardized MD-0.75 U,95%CI-1.17 to-0.33,P<0.001). SGLT2 inhibitors could also increase the excretion of urine glucose(MD 131.09 g/24 h,95%CI 91.79 to 170.39,P<0.001). There were no significant differences in the incidences of hyperglycemia [odds ratio(OR) 1.82,95%CI 0.63 to 5.29,P=0.27],urinary tract infection(OR 0.95,95%CI 0.19 to 4.85,P=0.95),genital tract infection(OR 0.27,95%CI 0.01 to 7.19,P=0.43),and diabetic ketoacidosis(OR 6.03,95%CI 0.27 to 135.99,P=0.26) between the two groups. Conclusion SGLT2 inhibitors combined with insulin might be an efficient and safe treatment modality for T1DM patients.

A meta-analysis of Chinese herbal medicines for vascular dementia

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicines in the treatment of patients with vascular dementia. DATA RETRIEVAL： We retrieved publications from Cochrane Library （2004 to July 2011）, PubMed （1966 to July 2011）, the Chinese Science and Technique Journals Database （1977 to July 2011）, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （1979 to July 2011）, Google Scholar （July 2011）, and the Chinese Biomedical Database （1977 to July 2011） using the key words ＂Chinese medicine OR Chinese herbal medicine＂ and ＂vascular dementia OR mild cognition impair OR multi-infarct dementia OR small-vessel dementia OR strategic infarct dementia OR hypoperfusion dementia OR hemorrhagic dementia OR hereditary vascular dementia＂. SELECTION CRITERIA： Randomized controlled trials comparing Chinese herbal medicines with placebo/western medicine in the treatment of patients with vascular dementia were included. Diagnostic standards included Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV, and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and Association Internationale pour la Recherche et I＇Enseignement en Neurosciences. Two participants independently conducted literature screening, quality evaluation and data extraction. The quality of each trial was assessed according to the Cochrane Reviewers＇ Handbook 5.0. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Effective rate, Mini-Mental State Examination scores, Hasegawa Dementia Scale scores, and incidence of adverse reactions. RESULTS： We identified 1 143 articles discussing the effects of Chinese medicine on vascular dementia. Thirty-one of these were included in the analysis. These studies involved a total of 2 868 participants （1 605 patients took Chinese medicine decoctions （treatment group）; 1 263 patients took western medicine or placebo）. The results of our meta-analysis revealed that Chinese herbal remedies in the treatment group were more efficacious than the control intervention （relative risk （RR） = 1.27; 95% confidence interval （C/）： 1.18-1.38, P 〈 0.01）. Mini-Mental State Examination scores were higher in patients taking Chinese herbal medicines than in those in the control group （weighted mean difference （WMD） = 2.83; 95%CI： 2.55-3.12, P 〈 0.01）. Patients in the treatment group showed better disease amelioration than those in the control group （Hasegawa Dementia Scale scores; WMD = 2.41, 95%CI： 1.48-3.34, P 〈 0.01）. There were also considerably fewer adverse reactions among those in the treatment group compared with those in the control group （RR = 0.20, 95%CI： 0.08-0.47, P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Chinese herbal medicine appears to be safer and more effective than control measures in the treatment of vascular dementia. However, the included trials were generally low in quality. More well-designed, high-quality trials are needed to provide better evidence for the assessment of the efficacy and safety of Chinese medicines for vascular dementia.

Meta-analysis on Efficacy of Yiqi Huoxue Chinese Drugs in the Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease after Coronary Revascularization

[Objectives] To make a systematic evaluation on the therapeutic efficacy and safety of Yiqi Huoxue traditional Chinese drugs combined with western medicine in treatment of coronary heart disease( CHD) after coronary revascularization. [Methods] The literatures were retrieved from China Knowledge Infrastructure( CNKI),Chinese science and technology journal full-text database( VIP database,VIP),Wanfang Data,the Chinese biomedical Database,Pub Med,Embase,and the Cochrane Library. The retrieval time was set to the creation of the database to January 2017. The randomized controlled trial( RCT) was conducted on the comparison between Yiqi Huoxue Chinese drugs combined with western medicine and the western medicine alone in the treatment of CHD after coronary revascularization. The literature information was extracted and the methodological quality of the included literature was evaluated according to the bias risk assessment tool developed by the Cochrane Collaboration. Meta-analysis was performed with the aid of Rev Man 5. 3 software. Coronary artery restenosis rate,angina pectoris treatment efficiency,left ventricular ejection fraction( LVEF),left ventricular end-diastolic volume( LVEDV),B-type natriuretic peptide( BNP),6-minute walk test( 6 MWT),and adverse reactions were analyzed. [Results] A total of 29 articles were included,a total of2 518 patients,the literature quality was low. Meta-analysis results showed that compared with the treatment by western medicine alone,Yiqi Huoxue Chinese drugs combined with western medicine could further reduce coronary restenosis rate[RR = 0. 45,95% CI( 0. 34,0. 60),P <0. 000 01],improve the angina pectoris treatment efficiency[RR = 1. 13,95% CI( 1. 05,1. 21),P = 0. 000 5],raise LVEF[WMD = 4. 25,95% CI( 3. 46,5. 04),P < 0. 000 01],reduce LVEDV[WMD =-10. 41,95% CI(-17. 88,-2. 95),P = 0. 006],decrease the plasma BNP level[WMD =-32. 32,95% CI(-44. 92,-19. 72),P < 0. 000 01],and increase 6 MWT distance(WMD = 62. 25,95% CI( 21. 71,102. 78),P = 0. 003)[Conclusions]Yiqi Huoxue Chinese drugs combined with western medicine can alleviate the symptoms of angina pectoris,reduce the rate of coronary restenosis,improve heart function and improve exercise capacity,thereby improving clinical efficacy in patients with CHD after coronary revascularization.

维得利珠单抗相关肺毒性1例并文献分析

目的介绍1例维得利珠单抗(VDZ)致间质性肺炎的病例,汇总分析该药相关肺毒性的发生特点,为临床安全用药提供参考。方法从临床药师角度出发,回顾性分析1例VDZ致间质性肺炎患者的诊治过程,并进行不良反应相关性分析;检索中国知网、维普网、PubMed、Web of Science等中英文数据库,对VDZ相关肺毒性的病例报道进行汇总分析。结果该患者在使用VDZ期间发生间质性肺炎,予抗菌药物经验性抗感染治疗无改善;停用VDZ并予甲泼尼龙治疗后,患者的症状及影像学检查均有改善但仍提示间质性肺炎。经Naranjo's不良反应评估量表评估并根据我国《药品不良反应报告和监测工作手册》判断,VDZ与间质性肺炎的关联性均为“很可能”。文献分析结果显示,纳入的29例患者(含本文报道的患者)中,男性19例、女性10例,平均年龄(49.24±17.06)岁;肺毒性主要包括VDZ相关性肺炎、嗜酸性粒细胞肺炎、肺肉芽肿或坏死性结节、间质性肺损伤等,多发生在用药后24周以内(58.62%),主要临床表现为咳嗽、呼吸困难、发热等;绝大多数患者经停药和/或给予糖皮质激素等治疗后好转或康复,1例患者因呼吸衰竭死亡。结论肺毒性为VDZ较罕见的不良反应,起病隐匿且症状无特异性。一旦患者出现咳嗽、呼吸困难等症状,临床应早期判断、及时停药,并给予糖皮质激素等对症治疗,以保障患者用药安全。

44例氯吡格雷相关性血小板减少症的文献病例分析

目的探讨氯吡格雷相关性血小板减少症的发生特点,为临床安全用药提供参考。方法检索建库至2022年11月收录在PubMed、Embase、中国知网、万方和维普期刊数据库有关氯吡格雷致血小板减少症的病例报道并对其发生情况进行整理和分析。结果共纳入43篇文献合计44例患者;男30例(68.2%),女14例(31.8%);年龄37~88(65.0±11.4)岁,其中≥60岁30例(68.2%)。发生血小板减少症的时间为用药后8 h~9个月,其中29例(65.9%)出现在2周内。31例(70.5%)表现为重度血小板减少,38例(86.4%)伴有并发症,其中24例(63.2%)表现为出血,19例(50.0%)表现为血栓性血小板减少性紫癜。经停药和对症治疗后41例(93.2%)血小板计数恢复正常,3例(6.8%)死亡。结论氯吡格雷相关性血小板减少症以重度血小板减少居多,且常伴发出血或血栓性血小板减少性紫癜,但整体转归良好。临床在使用该药的前2周内应密切监测患者的血小板计数,一旦发现异常及时停药并予以对症处理。

阿达木单抗药品不良反应文献分析

目的 为临床合理使用阿达木单抗提供参考。方法 检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方(WanFang)、维普(VIP)、PubMed数据库,获得以阿达木单抗为首要怀疑药物的中英文文献。检索时限为各数据库自建库起至2022年12月。收集患者的基本信息及阿达木单抗药品不良反应(ADR)相关信息,进行分类统计与分析。结果 共检索到文献283篇,筛选后得相关文献101篇,涉及患者101例。其中男56例(55.45%),女45例(44.55%);年龄8~82岁,平均(45.39±17.32)岁,以> 40~60岁居多(47例);来自美国的患者最多(16例),我国与英国并列第4(9例);原患疾病以克罗恩病居多(22例,21.78%);主要累及皮肤及其附件(40例,39.60%),最多见的临床表现为药疹(14例,13.86%);ADR严重程度以中度最多(64例,63.37%);关联性评价结果以很可能最多(79例,78.22%);联合用药21例(20.79%),包括二联用药18例,三联用药2例,四联用药1例;疗程以8周最多见;73例经停药和(或)药物治疗(包括对症支持治疗、换药或改变用药剂量等)后症状治愈或好转,但仍有2例经上述处理后死亡。结论 临床医师在应用阿达木单抗时应准确把握用药指征,严格按药品说明书用药,并熟悉其ADR常见类型和发生时间,加强ADR监测,确保用药安全。

艾司氯胺酮用于剖宫产术中镇静对新生儿的影响

目的 探讨艾司氯胺酮用于剖宫产术中镇静对新生儿的影响。方法 选择2022年1月—2023年12月于山东中医药大学附属医院和烟台市烟台山医院就诊的60例行择期子宫下段剖宫产术产妇,随机分为艾司氯胺酮组(K组,30例)和对照组(C组,30例)。蛛网膜下腔麻醉平面固定后,K组静脉注射艾司氯胺酮0.2 mg/kg,C组静脉注射等容积生理盐水。比较2组产妇牵拉不适感和桡动脉血气分析;胎儿剖出时采血,查脐动脉、脐静脉血气分析。结果 K组T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)、T_(5)、T_(6)时HR和MAP与C组比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。K组与C组切皮开始至胎儿剖出时间分别为(10.10±1.37)min和(15.40±1.77)min(P <0.05)。出胎时C组产妇牵拉不适感发生率高于K组(P <0.05)。K组脐动脉和脐静脉氧分压(partial pressure of oxygen,PO_(2))高于C组(P <0.05),乳酸(blood lactic acid,Lac)低于C组(P <0.05),血红蛋白饱和度(oxygen saturation of hemoglobin,SO_(2))高于C组(P<0.05)。所有产妇及新生儿均无严重不良反应发生。结论 艾司氯胺酮可安全用于剖宫产术中镇静,对新生儿Apgar评分及产妇和新生儿血气分析无明显不良影响。

EGFR-TKI单药与传统化疗方案治疗进展期NSCLC安全性的网状meta分析

目的对一至三代表皮生长因子受体-酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-TKI)与传统化疗方案治疗进展期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的安全性进行比较,同时采用网状meta分析方法评价三代EGFR-TKI与一、二代之间的安全性。方法检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane图书馆、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、万方数字化期刊全文数据库、维普数据库,检索时限均为从建库至2020年12月,搜集EGFR-TKI单药对比铂类为基础培美曲塞化疗方案的随机对照试验(RCT)。筛选文献、提取资料,并用Cochrane系统评价偏倚风险评估工具对纳入研究的RCT进行偏倚风险评估,采用RevMan 5.3软件、STATA 15.1软件进行meta分析。结果meta分析结果显示,试验组(EGFR-TKI单药)、对照组(培美曲塞联合铂类)患者的腹泻[相对危险度(RR)=2.16,95%置信区间(CI)0.742~6.297,P>0.05]、便秘(RR=0.44,95%CI 0.187~1.039,P>0.05)发生率比较差异均无统计学意义。试验组白细胞减少发生率、中性粒细胞减少发生率、贫血发生率、血小板减少发生率、食欲不振发生率、恶心发生率均低于对照组(RR=0.21,95%CI 0.10~0.41,P<0.001;RR=0.21,95%CI 0.08~0.55,P<0.001;RR=0.26,95%CI 0.13~0.51,P<0.001;RR=0.39,95%CI 0.24~0.64,P<0.001;RR=0.39,95%CI 0.28~0.55,P<0.001;RR=0.30,95%CI 0.24~0.37,P<0.001);试验组皮疹发生率高于对照组(RR=9.63,95%CI 6.30~14.72,P<0.001)。对一至三代EGFR-TKI的不良反应进行网状meta分析结果显示,三代EGFR-TKI奥希替尼组白细胞减少发生率要高于一、二代EGFR-TKI,贫血发生率与埃克替尼组相似,但高于吉非替尼组和阿法替尼组(均P<0.05)。结论一至三代EGFR-TKI的血液系统、消化系统不良反应发生率均低于传统化疗方案;三代EGFR-TKI与一、二代相比,在白细胞减少及贫血发生率方面各具优势。

阿美替尼上市后不良反应分析

目的分析第三代表皮生长因子受体-酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor,EGFR-TKI)阿美替尼不良反应发生的规律及特点,为该药临床安全使用提供参考。方法计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据和中国生物医学文献服务系统数据库,对阿美替尼上市后不良反应文献进行分析,检索时限为建库至2024年1月16日。结果共纳入12篇文献,收集263名患者的安全性数据,据文献数据统计,阿美替尼所致不良反应共246例次,主要表现为皮疹/痤疮样皮疹(17.9%)、转氨酶增高(12.6%)、血液及淋巴系统疾病(6.1%)、全身乏力(5.7%)、甲沟炎(7.3%)等,共发生11例≥3级的不良反应,预后良好。结论阿美替尼的不良反应表现多样,对皮肤和肝功能的影响较为明显,应持续加强用药监测,警惕其不良反应发生。

注射用紫杉醇(白蛋白结合型)临床应用合理性分析

目的:探讨注射用紫杉醇(白蛋白结合型)在苏州市中医医院用于恶性肿瘤的临床使用合理性,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法:采用回顾性调查分析,通过医院信息系统汇总2022年1月1日至2024年1月1日苏州市中医医院使用注射用紫杉醇(白蛋白结合型)患者的用药特征信息,评价用药合理性。结果:共106例患者使用注射用紫杉醇(白蛋白结合型)840例次,396例次存在不合理,不合理率为47.14%,主要表现为无循证医学证据的超适应证用药(98例次,发生率为11.67%)、用法与用量不合理(207例次,发生率为24.64%)、联合用药不合理(2例次,发生率为0.24%)及止吐预处理不合理(346例次,发生率为41.19%);常见的不良反应为疲劳乏力、血液毒性、周围神经毒性等,发生率分别为66.67%(560例次)、45.60%(383例次)、12.14%(102例次)。结论:注射用紫杉醇(白蛋白结合型)被广泛用于多种恶性肿瘤的治疗,临床应用不合理现象较普遍,需要引起临床重视,药师需做好药学监护,保障用药安全。

活血化瘀类中成药治疗糖尿病视网膜病变的网状Meta分析

目的:应用网状Meta分析方法,比较不同活血化瘀类中成药治疗糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)的临床有效率、实验室指标改善情况及治疗的安全性。方法:通过检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台、维普期刊资源整合服务平台(VIP)、Web of Science及Pubmed等数据库获得关于活血化瘀类中成药治疗DR的临床随机对照研究,检索时限为建库至2023年4月10日,并对所检索到的文献进行筛选提取资料,通过Stata 16.0软件实施网状Meta分析。结果:最终纳入63项研究,分析结果显示:复方丹参滴丸+羟苯磺酸钙胶囊总体疗效最为显著;芪明颗粒+羟苯磺酸钙胶囊在改善DR患者视力方面疗效最为显著;复方血栓通胶囊+羟苯磺酸钙胶囊在改善DR患者黄斑厚度及视野灰度值方面疗效最好;和血明目片+羟苯磺酸钙胶囊在减小患者血管瘤体积方面疗效较好;治疗组与对照组均有不良反应报道,治疗组不良反应总体较少。结论:与单用羟苯磺酸钙胶囊比较,活血化瘀类中成药联合羟苯磺酸钙胶囊治疗DR患者,可提高临床有效率,改善患者实验室检查指标,减少不良反应。

我院老年慢病患者药品不良反应报告分析

目的:探讨本院老年慢病患者药品不良反应(ADR)发生的特点,为保证其用药安全提供参考。方法:调取及筛选出2018年1月—2023年9月本院上报国家ADR监测系统的358例老年慢病患者ADR报告信息,并对ADR涉及的药品剂型、给药途径、种类分布及器官/系统损害等情况进行汇总统计分析。结果:358例老年慢病患者的ADR报告中,最常见的药品剂型是注射液(161例,44.97%);发生ADR主要给药途径为静脉滴注(211例58.94%),其次是口服给药(116例,32.40%);主要涉及抗感染药物(94例,26.26%)、代谢及内分泌系统药物(66例,18.44%)、心血管系统用药(59例,16.48%);主要累及皮肤及其附件系统(97例,27.09%)和消化系统(95例,26.54%);共出现5例(1.40%)严重的ADR,经过抗过敏、升压和氧气支持等治疗后均已好转。结论:老年慢病患者ADR的发生与药品剂型、给药途径、药品种类等因素存在一定的相关性。在临床工作中需提高医护人员对ADR的鉴别及处置能力,加强老年患者用药监测,降低ADR发生率,保证其用药安全。

安罗替尼致心血管不良反应文献分析

目的分析安罗替尼所致心血管不良反应的发生规律和临床特点,为临床安全用药提供参考。方法检索2018年8月—2022年5月万方、中国知网、维普、PubMed、Web of Science、Embase数据库中安罗替尼致心血管不良反应(ADR)的个案报道,筛选后进行统计分析。结果共收集20篇个案报道,涉及20例患者,其中男性9例(45.0%),女性11例(55.0%)。患者年龄集中在50~69岁,ADR多发生在用药后7~90 d,以高血压最为常见,主动脉夹层、可逆性后部白质脑病综合征、高血压性视网膜病变等ADR未在说明书中提及。结论临床使用安罗替尼应加强监测,警惕其心血管ADR,尤其注重防治高血压,及时识别并发症,确保临床用药安全。

补中益气汤合二陈汤联合针刺对慢阻肺患者的临床观察

目的分析补中益气汤合二陈汤加针刺对慢阻肺(COPD)患者的疗效。方法2019年8月至2022年8月郑州市中心医院康复分院收治COPD患者总共65例,经随机数字表法分成对照组(常规西医疗法)33例和观察组(在对照组基础上采取补中益气汤合二陈汤加针刺疗法)32例,比较两组疗效、症状评分;治疗前后咳嗽、喘息、咳痰和肺呼吸音症状评分;血氧分压(PaO_(2))及二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))血气分析指标;一秒用力呼气容积(FEV_(1))、用力肺活量(FVC)、一秒率(FEV_(1)/FVC)及肺活量(VC)肺功能指标;不良反应情况。结果观察组治疗有效率和对照组相比更高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组咳嗽、喘息、咳痰和肺呼吸音症状评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组咳嗽、喘息、咳痰和肺呼吸音症状评分和对照组相比更低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组PaO_(2)及PaCO_(2)水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组PaO_(2)水平和对照组相比更高,PaCO_(2)水平和对照组相比更低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组FEV_(1)、FVC、FEV_(1)/FVC及VC水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组FEV_(1)、FVC、FEV_(1)/FVC及VC水平和对照组相比更高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论补中益气汤合二陈汤加针刺对COPD患者疗效理想,能改善其临床症状及血气分析指标,增强其肺功能,值得采用。

喜炎平注射液致57例不良反应/不良事件文献分析

[目的]结合喜炎平注射液临床不良反应报道,探讨其发生规律,为临床合理用药提供参考。[方法]采用文献分析方法,检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、中国生物医学文献服务系统等数据库中关于喜炎平注射液不良反应的报道,对纳入研究的各相关因素进行统计分析,总结不良反应发生规律。[结果]共纳入相关文献52篇,包含不良反应/不良事件57例。分析结果发现,喜炎平注射液相关不良反应/不良事件中,尚未发现不良反应/不良事件的发生与性别、过敏史有关,不良反应/不良事件多发生于<10岁年龄组,患者原患疾病多为呼吸道感染性疾病早期,其出现时间多发生于用药后的30 min内,不良反应/不良事件主要类型为变态反应,在经过临床有效处理后,预后良好,无后遗症发生,无肝肾损伤。[结论]引起喜炎平不良反应/不良事件的可能因素众多,临床表现以变态反应为主,病情大多发展迅速,在得到及时处理后,预后良好,无肝肾损伤。

69例抗癫痫药物不良反应分析

目的:了解抗癫痫药物不良反应(adverse drug reaction,ADR)的发生规律及特点。方法:提取我院上报至国家药品不良反应监测系统的抗癫痫药ADR报告进行分析。结果:共收集69例抗癫痫药ADR,涉及药品6种,包括丙戊酸钠、奥卡西平、卡马西平、拉莫三嗪、左乙拉西坦及苯妥英钠。ADR以神经系统最为常见,主要表现为头晕、嗜睡、头痛等,其次为肝胆、胃肠及代谢系统疾病。结论:临床应关注抗癫痫药ADR,加强用药监测。