In order to explore the seed drop characteristics by aerial seeding equipment,taking aerial seeding for Pinus tabulaeformis as an example,the Gaussian curve fitting and chi-square goodness-of-fit test were carried out...In order to explore the seed drop characteristics by aerial seeding equipment,taking aerial seeding for Pinus tabulaeformis as an example,the Gaussian curve fitting and chi-square goodness-of-fit test were carried out on the data of fallen seed distribution,and the seed distribution models of domestic FB-85 and imported PZLM-18 equipment were established.The seeding performance indexes of the two kinds of equipment were calculated and compared by using the model,the existing problems of domestic equipment and their causes are analyzed,and finally,some suggestions for equipment optimization were put forward.The results indicated that the seed drop of the two kinds of equipment showed the characteristics of dense distribution in the middle and sparse distribution on both sides,and followed the Gaussian distribution as a whole;compared with PZLM-18,FB-85 had better seeding performance,but it also had the problem of uneven seed distribution;in addition to the influence of aircraft flow field,the fishtail structure design of diffuser is another important reason for the uneven seed distribution of domestic equipment;without changing the fishtail structure design,it is suggested that the principle of cross-superposition of two seeding belts should be used to replace a single large-size diffuser with two small-size diffusers,which can reduce the number of seeds in the middle and increase the number of seeds on both sides,so as to improve the uniformity of seed distribution.展开更多
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a highly nutritious food that is an excellent source of protein and is associated with increased coronary health, lower risk of type-2 diabetes, lower risk of breast cancer and a health...Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a highly nutritious food that is an excellent source of protein and is associated with increased coronary health, lower risk of type-2 diabetes, lower risk of breast cancer and a healthy profile of inflammatory biomarkers. The domestic demand for organic peanuts has significantly increased, requiring new breeding efforts to develop peanut varieties adapted to the organic farming system. The use of unmanned aerial system (UAS) has gained scientific attention because of the ability to generate high-throughput phenotypic data. However, it has not been fully investigated for phenotyping agronomic traits of organic peanuts. Peanuts are beneficial for cardio system protection and are widely used. Within the U.S., peanuts are grown in 11 states on roughly 600,000 hectares and averaging 4500 kg/ha. This study’s objective was to test the accuracy of UAS data in the phenotyping pod and seed yield of organic peanuts. UAS data was collected from a field plot with 20 Spanish peanut breeding lines on July 07, 2021 and September 27, 2021. The study was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 blocks. Twenty-five vegetation indices (VIs) were calculated. The analysis of variance showed significant genotypic effects on all 25 vegetation indices for both flights (p < 0.05). The vegetation index Red edge (RE) from the first flight was the most significantly correlated with both pod (r = 0.44) and seed yield (r = 0.64). These results can be used to further advance organic peanut breeding efforts with high-throughput data collection.展开更多
In 2000, the effect of thinning intensities with five different treatments of 0%(CK), 30%(slight thinning), 48.75%(middle thinning),53.75%(intense thinning) and 65.6%(super intense thinning) on the soil enzyme were ca...In 2000, the effect of thinning intensities with five different treatments of 0%(CK), 30%(slight thinning), 48.75%(middle thinning),53.75%(intense thinning) and 65.6%(super intense thinning) on the soil enzyme were carried out in the 9-year-old aerial seeding Pinus tabulaeformis stands with initial density of 8 000 trees·hm -2 , in QingQuanPu Aerial Seeding Center, Yanqing County of Beijing Municipality. Five years later, the activities of the five soil enzymes such as soil urease, alkaline phosphatase, inertase, catalase and polyphenol oxidase in the different soil layers of A(0～20 cm), B(20～40 cm) and C(40～60 cm) were compared. Moreover, relationships among soil enzymes, soil physiochemical properties and the diversity of the undergrowth were analyzed to prove the availability of using soil enzymes to evaluate the thinning intensities. The results showed that soil catalase varied slightly while the other four soil enzymes decrease with increasing soil depth. And the soil enzymes in the layer A were enhanced distinctly compared with in the layers B and C. Also, the five soil enzymes in the layer A were affected differently by thinning intensities, showing that soil urease and alkaline phosphatase were highest response to slight thinning followed by the middle thinning, opposite to the trend of inertase and polyphenol oxidase. There are significantly positive relationships between soil enzymes and soil physiochemical characteristics and the organic C and total N was more dominant than available K as well as available P. Except soil polyphenol oxidase, the other soil enzymes showed positive relationships with biodiversity of the undergrowth. It was concluded that reasonable thinning intensity was benefit to the development of the undergrowth and so can be to soil enzymes. Generally, when the stand with initial density of 8 000 trees·hm -2 grows up to 9 years old, the reasonable thinning intensity should be about 48.75%.展开更多
文摘In order to explore the seed drop characteristics by aerial seeding equipment,taking aerial seeding for Pinus tabulaeformis as an example,the Gaussian curve fitting and chi-square goodness-of-fit test were carried out on the data of fallen seed distribution,and the seed distribution models of domestic FB-85 and imported PZLM-18 equipment were established.The seeding performance indexes of the two kinds of equipment were calculated and compared by using the model,the existing problems of domestic equipment and their causes are analyzed,and finally,some suggestions for equipment optimization were put forward.The results indicated that the seed drop of the two kinds of equipment showed the characteristics of dense distribution in the middle and sparse distribution on both sides,and followed the Gaussian distribution as a whole;compared with PZLM-18,FB-85 had better seeding performance,but it also had the problem of uneven seed distribution;in addition to the influence of aircraft flow field,the fishtail structure design of diffuser is another important reason for the uneven seed distribution of domestic equipment;without changing the fishtail structure design,it is suggested that the principle of cross-superposition of two seeding belts should be used to replace a single large-size diffuser with two small-size diffusers,which can reduce the number of seeds in the middle and increase the number of seeds on both sides,so as to improve the uniformity of seed distribution.
文摘Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a highly nutritious food that is an excellent source of protein and is associated with increased coronary health, lower risk of type-2 diabetes, lower risk of breast cancer and a healthy profile of inflammatory biomarkers. The domestic demand for organic peanuts has significantly increased, requiring new breeding efforts to develop peanut varieties adapted to the organic farming system. The use of unmanned aerial system (UAS) has gained scientific attention because of the ability to generate high-throughput phenotypic data. However, it has not been fully investigated for phenotyping agronomic traits of organic peanuts. Peanuts are beneficial for cardio system protection and are widely used. Within the U.S., peanuts are grown in 11 states on roughly 600,000 hectares and averaging 4500 kg/ha. This study’s objective was to test the accuracy of UAS data in the phenotyping pod and seed yield of organic peanuts. UAS data was collected from a field plot with 20 Spanish peanut breeding lines on July 07, 2021 and September 27, 2021. The study was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 blocks. Twenty-five vegetation indices (VIs) were calculated. The analysis of variance showed significant genotypic effects on all 25 vegetation indices for both flights (p < 0.05). The vegetation index Red edge (RE) from the first flight was the most significantly correlated with both pod (r = 0.44) and seed yield (r = 0.64). These results can be used to further advance organic peanut breeding efforts with high-throughput data collection.
文摘In 2000, the effect of thinning intensities with five different treatments of 0%(CK), 30%(slight thinning), 48.75%(middle thinning),53.75%(intense thinning) and 65.6%(super intense thinning) on the soil enzyme were carried out in the 9-year-old aerial seeding Pinus tabulaeformis stands with initial density of 8 000 trees·hm -2 , in QingQuanPu Aerial Seeding Center, Yanqing County of Beijing Municipality. Five years later, the activities of the five soil enzymes such as soil urease, alkaline phosphatase, inertase, catalase and polyphenol oxidase in the different soil layers of A(0～20 cm), B(20～40 cm) and C(40～60 cm) were compared. Moreover, relationships among soil enzymes, soil physiochemical properties and the diversity of the undergrowth were analyzed to prove the availability of using soil enzymes to evaluate the thinning intensities. The results showed that soil catalase varied slightly while the other four soil enzymes decrease with increasing soil depth. And the soil enzymes in the layer A were enhanced distinctly compared with in the layers B and C. Also, the five soil enzymes in the layer A were affected differently by thinning intensities, showing that soil urease and alkaline phosphatase were highest response to slight thinning followed by the middle thinning, opposite to the trend of inertase and polyphenol oxidase. There are significantly positive relationships between soil enzymes and soil physiochemical characteristics and the organic C and total N was more dominant than available K as well as available P. Except soil polyphenol oxidase, the other soil enzymes showed positive relationships with biodiversity of the undergrowth. It was concluded that reasonable thinning intensity was benefit to the development of the undergrowth and so can be to soil enzymes. Generally, when the stand with initial density of 8 000 trees·hm -2 grows up to 9 years old, the reasonable thinning intensity should be about 48.75%.
