Critical Discourse Analysis Based on Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics: Taking The Economist’s First Commentation on the End of China’s Zero-COVID Policy as an Example

Based on Halliday’s systemic functional grammar,especially the ideational function,this research aims at disclosing the hidden ideologies and values of the seemingly objective news reports on China’s COVID-19 policies in The Economist.Transitivity,voice,and nominalization are the major analytical subjects.After China lifted the zero-COVID policy,western media began criticizing China’s lack of data sharing,with some misinformation and misleading reports.The denouncement of inertness and reluctance to fight against the pandemic disclaim the Chinese government’s efforts and depreciate China’s image.China is portrayed as the villain and destroyer of people’s health worldwide.Meanwhile,they also hold a hesitant attitude toward China’s diplomacy.The re-engaging with foreign countries and travel restrictions have been described as imprudent and rushed actions.They also consider China as the fuse of contradiction in the United Nations.What is overt is their view of breaking up China.

A Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis of Lingnan Cultural Promotional Videos on Social Media

In recent years,more and more directors of culture and tourism have taken part in the promotion of local cultural tourism by cross-dressing,talent shows,and pushing their limits on self-media platforms.This study investigates short videos of Lingnan culture promoted by directors general and deputy directors general of the Culture,Radio,Television,Tourism,and Sports Bureau of counties and cities in Guangdong Province on social media by the method of multimodal critical discourse analysis.The analysis of 33 videos shows that Lingnan culture is a domineering and confident culture,historical culture,graceful and elegant culture,and vibrant and active culture.Domineering and confident culture is embedded in the utterances and behaviors of the directors general or deputy directors general in the video.Historical culture is realized through the conversation with historical figures through time travel.Graceful and elegant culture is constructed in the depiction of sceneries and the depiction of characters’manners.Vibrant and active culture is represented in the depiction of the characters’actional process and analytical process.

Epochal Criticism of Landscape Aesthetics From the Perspective of Ecology

On the basis of traditional aesthetics, contemporary western aesthetic circles add environmental aesthetics with ecological ethical thinking, trying to solve the increasingly serious ecological environment problems and subvert people’s inherent values through its theory and practice. Landscape aesthetics, as an important branch of environmental aesthetics, should seek effective intervention of new ideas with epochal criticism on the basis of in-depth exploration of its historical form. Based on the vertical time axis, this study combed the traditional aesthetic theory and its application in landscape practice, summed up the transformation of landscape aesthetics from subject-object dichotomy to experience-based empiricism, and introduced ecological ethics and scientific knowledge into contemporary landscape aesthetics to determine its value orientation of the times, in order to provide theoretical reference for solving ecological crisis and expanding the study of landscape aesthetics.

The Study of Cyber-bullying from the Perspective of Critical Discourse Analysis:A Case Study of Tik Tok Comment Area Language

With the spread of the Internet,cyberbullying can a lso be seen in cyberspace.This will not only destroy our network usage environment,but also affect the harmonious development of society.Due to the lack of attention to the process of cyberbullying,many previous researches have been conducted only in t erms of causes and strategies,and the relationship between cyberbullying and ideology has been overlooked.Therefore,this study collects Tik Tok comments and builds a corpus to study the relationship between cyberbullying and ideology from the perspectiv e of critical discourse analysis.

A Critical Discourse Analysis of Cyberbullying Language Based on Text-mining Techniques——A Case Study of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle

With the development of AI,a large amount of cyberbullying language flooded into the Internet.Cyberbullying language damages the online environment and causes mental harm to the victims of online bullying.Many researchers,therefore,have paid much attention to the problem.This study collected online comments targeted at Prince Harry and Meghan Markle as a corpus and then analyzed text data based on Critical Discourse Analysis by using text-mining tools to explore the factors that contribute to the social ideological effects of the cyberbullying language.The research results show that cultural differences,prejudice,or social exclusion due to race or gender form cyberbullying on social media.

中美外交部门新闻发布会的中国形象建构比较研究——基于语料库的批评话语分析

一个国家外交部门的发言代表该国的立场和观点,在国家形象建构中具有重要地位。以三维分析模型为理论框架,以系统功能语法为分析手段,基于语料库对中美外交部门新闻发布会发言人的话语进行实证比较研究,可分析和总结双方发言人的话语特征及其建构的中国形象。研究发现:中美双方发言人在词汇层面的分类系统和情态系统、话语层面的内容选择和互文性策略上表现出较大差异,他们各自针对新冠肺炎疫情背景下中国抗疫、经济、政治、军事、外交等维度的表现,建构了“人类命运共同体的共建者”和“美国最严峻的竞争对手”的差异性形象。两者建构的结果差异如此明显,其原因在于双方政治理念、经济政策、文化传统和价值观等方面客观存在的分歧。为了更好地推动中国形象的自我建构和他者建构,有必要拓展国家形象塑造的渠道和方式,进一步优化话语策略并改善话语方式。

A Study of Attitude in Art Criticism

Functional linguistic research focuses on the dimension of"implementation,"with research on"instance"and"individuation"being relatively scarce.However,Appraisal Theory provides a comprehensive method for realizing"instance"and"individuation".Appraisal Theory,as a type of empirical research method with strong capabilities in both operation and application,is heavily involved in a variety of fields such as literature,art,philosophy,news,and law.Overall,research in the arts is deficient.This study employs Appraisal Theory as a framework for analyzing the discourse of art criticism from the perspective of the attitude system,analyzing 83 art critiques chosen for their semantic meaning of emotion and valuation endowed by the writers in critical language.It performs identification,analysis,and classification on corpus resources in order to investigate the application of Appraisal theory in art criticism and summarize representation and feature of these attitudinal resources used.The author concludes that the attitudinal resources all involve affect,judgment,and appreciation,but are distributed unevenly.The feature demonstrates that more appreciation than affect and judgement is involved,more positive meaning than negative meaning is conveyed,and an explicit rather than implicit method is used.According to this study,the attitudinal resources effectively contribute to the establishment of relationships among the writer,artworks,and the potential reader,and they function well in appraisal by establishing a"resonance"relationship between the artwork and the potential reader within person.

新时期文学批评的方法论变革问题研究

在新时期以来文学批评的发展进程中,20世纪80年代出现的方法论变革是一种重要的批评现象。1985年被称为“方法论年”,其形成是由多种力量推动的。其时,文学批评生态被改造,文学批评话语及话语体系有了新的建构。文学批评的方法论变革在根本意义上是新时期之初文学观念、文学批评理念变化的基本体现,它实现了批评方法从一元到多元的深刻变革,彰显出一种时代性的、难能可贵的理论品格,其与那个时代的文化精神协和一致,表现出鲜明的启蒙、主体性等现代性价值诉求。这一变革有力地冲击了当代中国文学批评的传统模式,开启了新时期文学批评创新发展的新篇章,并为当下文学批评理论探索包括文学批评主体性建设、批评话语与话语体系的建构及文学批评学科意识的持续增强等提供了丰富而宝贵的历史经验。

中国美学本土话语的科学化建构和阐释

中国的科学化美学研究已经形成了中国美学的本土话语,对审美活动的内在机理作出不同于西方传统本体论美学的新阐释:事物的外形与事物本身及其内在价值之间、事物内在价值与人的需要和情感之间具有天然的联系。这种情形内化在人脑认知神经系统中的表现是:对事物外形的知觉构成了知觉中枢,对事物内在价值的领悟构成了意义中枢,对事物的情感反应构成了情感中枢;当人知觉到一个对象事物时,这三个中枢在瞬间被依次激活,形成暂时神经反应连接链。这一神经反应连接链的特定性和稳定性使之成为与某一事物相对应的功能性认知模块。在认知模块已然构成的前提条件下,人再遇到与此认知模块相匹配的事物,就能直觉性地形成认知和情感。当人处于没有急切利害性需求状态时,就不关注事物的内在价值,因而意义中枢不被高度激活;但知觉中枢和情感中枢仍可被高度激活,从而形成二者间的直接关联,构成新型的、可审美的认知模块。其外在表现就是事物外形直接引发了愉快情感。这时的情感不与利害性需求相关联,被称为无利害的美感。引发美感的对象事物因此被称为美的。这一理论建立在马克思主义哲学及“人的本质力量对象化”论述的基础之上,是人的本质力量在审美生命结构方面的具体表现,可有效地对康德美论及文艺的功利与非功利等现实理论问题作出科学化分析。

“审美降级”论:数媒时代文艺评论的困境与重构

“审美降级”论与当下“技术升级”的文艺发展态势渐行渐远,具体表现为文艺实践的数据主宰、权力让渡和审美霸凌等审美异化态势。作为文艺实践重要一环的文艺评论,也面临评论客体延展化、评论话语滞后化、评论时空交错化的新挑战。究其困境根源,在于数媒时代文艺评论审美对象性关系的错位及审美公共空间“最大公约数”的缺失。鉴于此,秉承马克思主义美学观点与历史观点相统一的文艺评论原则,提升文艺评论主体的审美素养和媒介素养。立足时代精神和文艺精神,以审美化“情感共同体”作为文艺评论话语公共空间构建逻辑基点,以对话与融合为路径实现公共空间“公共性”目标,成为文艺评论“审美升级”亟待完成的重要任务。

中国美学何以可能?

为了解决中国美学“何以是中国的、又是美学的”这一难题,我们需要在跨文化美学的框架下区分术语与话语这两个概念。一方面,术语不同于话语。美学,就其术语意义而言,并无中西之别,职是之故,美学术语可以进行跨文化旅行,实现中西互译互释,因而中国美学是“美学”的。另一方面,话语又离不开术语,是术语的语境化表达。就话语意义而言,中国美学是借用西方术语对中国审美经验和情感方式的话语表述,是中华民族对美的价值追求的理性体现,而不是西方美学的本土化,因而中国美学是“中国”的。总之,跨文化美学使得“既是中国的、又是美学的”中国美学成为可能,因而是中国美学的实质。

中国文艺评论话语体系建构的理论根基

习近平文化思想是构建具有中国特色的文艺评论话语体系的科学指南和行动纲领。本文从理论视野、现代文明、传统文化、审美精神、人民立场、专业批评六个方面展开论述,并联系新时代文艺评论高质量发展的内在需要,学习习近平总书记关于文艺工作的一系列重要论述和重要指示批示精神,提出中国文艺评论话语体系构建的思想基础、历史责任、框架特质、美学内涵、人本主体、本体价值,以发挥文艺评论在建设中华民族现代文明进程中的价值引导、精神引领、审美启迪作用,彰显文艺评论提升国家文化软实力的美学动力。

审美—审丑—新审美:论审美文学批评的演进

审美批评是一切文学批评的基础,是其他文学批评显在或者潜在的条件。改革开放以来,各种外来理论既拓展了文学研究视野,也导致了文学评论中艺术分析和审美评价的匮乏,研究者以理论概念肢解研究对象,迎合各种理论预设的结论,我国文学理论界与文学研究界也因此在去意识形态与意识形态批评、去审美理性与审美理性批评等二元对立中不断摇摆。本文将梳理审美文学原理得以生成演变的学术史和学科史,分析从审美到审丑再到新审美主义的发展演进,揭示其所从出的历史文化语境与思想学术渊源,用辩证理性观在恢复传统美学的审美自主性和当代反审美主义的激进立场之间寻找新的平衡点,从文学经典和大众文化研究中找到审美批评的共通之路,强化审美批评为“三大体系”建设提供纠偏机制的作用,为建构新的审美批评范式提供一种思考。

批评话语分析视域下哈萨克斯坦主流媒体对中国形象的话语建构

国家形象是国家软实力的集中表征,也是本国在国际环境中的舆论反映。本研究以批评话语分析理论为指导,语料库分析工具为辅助,定量定性结合分析2020年以来哈萨克斯坦主流媒体涉华报道对中国形象的话语建构。研究表明,哈媒使用词汇选择、及物性系统、隐喻、互文、情感倾向等话语策略,塑造出多元复杂的中国形象。中哈两国的高质量合作和“中国威胁论”的影响分别是正面和负面中国形象生成的主要原因。运用话语策略讲述中国、以实际行动打破“中国威胁论”的谣言或将成为提升中国形象的可行路径。

“铸牢”话语中民族共同体形象的认知分析及其体系建设

“铸牢”话语应服务于铸牢中华民族共同体意识建设,其研究可从微观和宏观两个视角出发。文章先对以习近平总书记讲话为代表的话语材料进行认知分析后发现:文本重心不同地调用结构构型策略的图式效果、框架化策略的多视角效应以及识别定位策略的参与者角色控制来完成话语目的,建构出内涵丰富的中华民族共同体形象。后从话语体系建设视角对当前我国“铸牢”话语体系的话语原则、话语主体、话语内容以及话语方式进行概括后发现:“铸牢”话语是新时代中华民族哲学和中华传统文化之产物。三层次的生产、传播和消费主体结构赋予了铸牢话语丰富的新时代内涵。我们应改善“铸牢”话语“重内轻外、重前轻后”的呈现方式,提高下沉性、扩大传播,带动创新生产以强化“铸牢”话语实际效果。

翻译批评研究的新篇章——评廖七一著《20世纪中国翻译批评话语研究》

廖七一教授的新著《20世纪中国翻译批评话语研究》是国内首部翻译批评话语研究专著,也是国内第一部翻译批评专题史。该书在研究对象、研究路径和翻译观念等方面,突破了翻译批评研究的传统思路,向翻译批评研究的历时研究和社会文化研究迈出了坚实的一步,掀开了翻译批评研究的新篇章。

中美主流报刊关于抑郁症报道的批评话语分析

近年来,抑郁症成为中西方媒体关注的焦点。选取《纽约时报》和《中国日报》2020—2021年关于抑郁症的新闻报道,自建两个语料库。基于费尔克劳三维分析框架,借助语料库工具,在文本分析维度对高频词、搭配词和索引行进行对比分析;在话语实践维度对消息来源进行分析;在社会实践维度揭示中美关于抑郁症报道背后的社会文化因素。研究发现相较于《中国日报》,《纽约时报》使用负面情感色彩词汇的频率更高。《纽约时报》关注点更多地放在抑郁症患者视角的话语呈现,《中国日报》侧重于国家与政府视角的话语呈现。