Interpreting Nestedness and Modularity Structures in Affiliation Networks: An Application in Knowledge Networks Formed by Software Project Teams

An understanding of the knowledge creation and diffusion process in the organizational context is extremely relevant. Because from this understanding, organizations can restructure processes, reorient teams and implement methodologies to assist in the construction of an evolutionary process of knowledge creation and diffusion aimed at sustainable growth and innovation. The theory of complex social networks has been applied in several fields to help understand organizational cognitive processes. However, these approaches still insipiently consider the analysis of the nestedness and modularity of the studied networks. In this article, we presented an approach that sought to identify patterns of nestedness and modularity in networks of affiliation of people in projects in the organizational context. The study sought to identify these patterns in affiliation networks in a public organization providing information technology services in the period from 2006 to 2013. The detection of these patterns was performed using the NODF (Nestedness metric based on Overlap and Decreasing Fill) algorithm described by [1]. The nestedness and modularity metrics can influence patterns of knowledge creation and diffusion in formal and informal networks constituted for the execution of projects in organizations. This study showed that the network structures of the organization during the study period presented a high degree of nestedness, and it was possible to identify combined structures of nestedness and modularity.

Dynamics of Knowledge in Software Project Development Environments: An Approach Using Affiliation Networks

This work presents an approach to study the diffusion of knowledge in software development project teams based on the formation of complex social network structures in a public organization that offers information and communication technology services. We collected historical data on the allocation and records of hours worked by people in projects to build an affiliation network. We applied the method of reflections to analyze the data obtained. The constructed model enabled the description of the participation of project team members from the perspective of the creation and diffusion of knowledge in affiliation networks that describe the participation of people in projects, mediated by the knowledge and the capabilities developed for the execution of these projects. A contribution of this work is the construction of indicators related to the process of creation and diffusion of knowledge in the context of the execution of software development and maintenance projects, based on the concepts of diversification and ubiquity applied to the process of knowledge diffusion;an additional contribution is the presentation of an application of the method of reflections in an organizational context applied to the creation and diffusion of knowledge. We found that the application of management models associated with the collaborative method applied to the project development process contributed to the joint growth of diversified and more specialized knowledge alongside the knowledge considered more generic and ubiquitous. Our results show that contrary to previous expectations based on assumptions established at the beginning of the study, we concluded that in six of the seven subnetworks obtained in the period between 2007 and 2013, knowledge based on complex and diversified capabilities showed a growth proportional to the growth of knowledge related to the capabilities necessary to more general and ubiquitous activities.

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The Three-Step Workflow:A Pragmatic Approach to Allocating Academic Hospitals' Affiliations for Bibliometric Purposes

Purpose:A key question when ranking universities is whether or not to allocate the publication output of affiliated hospitals to universities.This paper presents a method for classifying the varying degrees of interdependency between academic hospitals and universities in the context of the Leiden Ranking.Design/methodology/approach:Hospital nomenclatures vary worldwide to denote some form of collaboration with a university,however they do not correspond to universally standard definitions.Thus,rather than seeking a normative definition of academic hospitals,we propose a three-step workflow that aligns the university-hospital relationship with one of three general models:full integration of the hospital and the medical faculty into a single organization;health science centres in which hospitals and medical faculty remain separate entities albeit within the same governance structure;and structures in which universities and hospitals are separate entities which collaborate with one another.This classification system provides a standard through which publications which mention affiliations with academic hospitals can be better allocated.Findings:In the paper we illustrate how the three-step workflow effectively translates the three above-mentioned models into two types of instrumental relationships for the assignation of publications:"associate"and"component".When a hospital and a medical faculty are fully integrated or when a hospital is part of a health science centre,the relationship is classified as component.When a hospital follows the model of collaboration and support,the relationship is classified as associate.The compilation of data following these standards allows for a more uniform comparison between worldwide educational and re search systems.Research limitations:The workflow is resource intensive,depends heavily on the information provided by universities and hospitals,and is more challenging for languages that use nonLatin characters.Further,the application of the workflow demands a careful evaluation of different types of input which can result in ambiguity and makes it difficult to automatize.Practical implications:Determining the type of affiliation an academic hospital has with a university can have a substantial impact on the publication counts for universities.This workflow can also aid in analysing collaborations among the two types of organizations.Originality/value:The three-step workflow is a unique way to establish the type of relationship an academic hospital has with a university accounting for national and regional differences on nomenclature.

Author affiliation addition:“Hepatitis B virus detected in paper currencies in a densely populated city of India:A plausible source of horizontal transmission?”

Addition of authors’affiliation to"Hepatitis B virus detected in paper currencies in a densely populated city of India:A plausible source of horizontal transmission?"World J Hepatol 2020 Oct 27;12(10):775-791.In this article,one of the affiliations of two authors was not mentioned.Ruchi Supekar,a joint first author and Subhajit Biswas,the corresponding author are affiliated to Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research(AcSIR)Ghaziabad-201002,India.

Subset Multiple Correspondence Analysis as a Tool for Visualizing Affiliation Networks

In this paper we investigate the potential of Subset Multiple Correspondence Analysis (s-MCA), a variant of MCA, to visually explore two-mode networks. We discuss how s-MCA can be useful to focus the analysis on interesting subsets of events in an affiliation network while preserving the properties of the analysis of the complete network. This unique characteristic of the method is also particularly relevant to address the problem of missing data, where it can be used to partial out their influence and reveal the more substantive relational patterns. Similar to ordinary MCA, s- MCA can also alleviate the problem of overcrowded visualizations and can effectively identify associations between observed relational patterns and exogenous variables. All of these properties are illustrated on a student course-taking affiliation network.

Ambient Affiliation in Comments on YouTube Videos:Communing Around Values About ASMR

This paper explores ambient affiliation within the ASMR community on YouT ube,investigating how values are communed around in YouT ube comments.This community consists of viewers who watch videos designed to elicit an Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response(ASMR),that is,a pleasurable sensory reaction to visual or aural stimuli.The paper focuses on the linguistic resources involved in orienting the ambient audience to the values shared,as couplings of ATTITUDE and IDEATION,in the comments feed.Because most comments do not receive any reply,rather than dialogic affiliation,a framework for analysing communing affiliation,based on Zappavigna and Martin’s(2018)approach to Twitter data,is applied.Three systems of meaning are considered:convoking(mustering community around a coupling),finessing(dialogically positioning a coupling),and promoting(emphasising a coupling).The paper develops these systems in terms of delicacy.The attitudinal component of the couplings is analysed using the Appraisal framework(Martin and White 2005).The dataset explored is the comments feed of the most viewed video on the Gentle Whispering ASMR YouT ube channel,the most popular ASMR channel at the time of writing.

Board affiliation and pay gap

This paper examines the effects of board affiliation on the corporate pay gap.Using a sample of Chinese listed firms from 2005 to 2011, we find that boards with a greater presence of directors appointed by block shareholders have lower pay gaps. Furthermore, the governance effects of board affiliation with and without pay are distinguished. The empirical results show that board affiliation without pay is negatively related to the pay gap, while board affiliation with pay is positively related to the pay gap. Overall, the results shed light on how block shareholders affect their companies' pay gaps through board affiliation.

高校附属医院学生思想政治工作体系的构建与实践

基于医学育人特殊性、人员管理分段性、数字化转型紧迫性等背景,结合高校附属医院学生思想政治工作体系特征和构建难点,开展以“一心双导,四梁八柱”为特点的高校附属医院学生思想政治工作体系构建与实践。以“医教协同,乐在医行”创新高校附属医院学生思政教育和理论实践研究;以“教学思政,共建共享”创新高校附属医院学生日常事务管理和学风建设;以“网格管理,数智赋能”创新高校附属医院学生党团班建和心理健康教育,以期为全国高校附属医院健全思政工作体系、夯实人才培养主阵地功能、加强医院党建思政文化建设提供有益借鉴。

Study of coexisting upstream solitary wave packet and downstream wakes induced by Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands detected by satellite sun glitter

Taking the advantage of sun glitter(SG)observed from high-resolution satellites Gaofen-1(GF-1)and Gaofen-6(GF-6),a new method named Shield and Vortex 1-2(SAV1-2)for extracting spatial texture information from sun glitter was established.Sea surface texture detail information around Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands was extracted using SAV1-2.Meanwhile,the dynamic characteristics of the water environment were analyzed by combining the water color,temperature and dynamic data.The results show the following information.(1)Stable westward shield effect and eastward Karman vortex streets,extracted from SG,appear upstream(westward)and downstream(eastward)of the Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands respectively.(2)The dominant direction of the Kuroshio Current in the Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands area is east,the Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands interacting with Kuroshio,inducing western shield and eastern shelter and wake.Furthermore,wave intervals of the shield in front of the island range from hundreds to thousands of metres,and extend wider than the island itself.(3)Combining with high-resolution sea surface temperature(SST)and chlorophyll a(Chl a)concentration,the directional changes of water color elements are mutually supported and proved with the stable shield(wave packet)effect in the west and vortex street effect in the east.The change of SST upstream of the island(western shield area)is not significant,the temperature in the downstream shelter area decreases slightly,and the SST in the downstream wake area shows a general trend of obvious decrease.The wake area is dominated by Karman vortex streets in shape,supplementing by vortices.The concentration of Chl a in the west shield of island is as low as that in downstream shelter area,while it increases significantly in the downstream wake area with shape in eddy or ribbon.(4)The SAV methods of extracting sea surface texture detail using SG can be widely used in different sea areas and water quality.This paper can provide reference for the protection and development of Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands and its surrounding waters.It is suggested that some kind of current buffer,such as marine wind farm,should be established in the western waters of Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands to protect the islands,and marine pasture should be developed in the downstream of eastern waters of Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands.

盐分与水分胁迫对两种猪毛菜种子萌发的影响

通过对盐分与水分胁迫对钠猪毛菜和紫翅猪毛菜种子萌发的影响的分析,结果显示:钠猪毛菜与紫翅猪毛菜种子萌发的最适温度分别为25℃和20℃。在盐溶液和PEG溶液中,两个种子的萌发规律相似,都是随着水势的降低,萌发率和萌发速率下降。在盐胁迫下钠猪毛菜种子萌发的最低水势接近-7.2 MPa,紫翅猪毛菜种子萌发的最低水势接近-6.15 MPa;在水分胁迫下两种种子萌发的最低水势均未超过-2.0 MPa。并且在相同水势下,钠猪毛菜的最终萌发率、萌发指数高于紫翅猪毛菜。两个种对盐分胁迫的忍耐能力超过对水分胁迫。适宜萌发温度下,钠猪毛菜与紫翅猪毛菜的耐盐极限值分别为-6.29 MPa和-6.03 MPa。

运动疗法对产褥期妇女的康复作用

目的 探讨运动疗法对产褥期妇女康复的影响。方法选择150例产褥期妇女(治疗组)，产后24 h起做产后康复体操，产褥期满即产后42 d进行评定，另外，选择同期150例未做产后康复体操的产褥期妇女产后42 d进行对比评定(对照组)。结果治疗组的妇妇子宫后倾后屈、子宫脱垂的发生率比对照组明显低(P< 0.01);子宫缩复不良、痔疮、张力性尿失禁、膀胱膨出、腰骶痛的发生率均比对照组低(P< 0.05);腰围的恢复亦明显优于对照组(P< 0.05)。结论运动疗法有利于妇女产后康复，可减少诸多并发症的发生，从而提高产后妇女的生存质量。

Social functions of relaxed open-mouth display in golden snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus roxellana)

Relaxed open-mouth display serves important social functions in relation to submission, reconciliation affiliation and reassurance among non-human primate societies; however, quantitative evidence on this behavior remains insufficient among multi-level social groups. From July to November 2016, we examined four potential functions of the relaxed open-mouth display during pairwise, intra-unit social interactions among 18 free-ranging adult and sub-adult golden snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus roxellana) who belonged to three one-male, multi-female units(OMU) at Dalongtan, Shennongjia National Park China. Results showed that: compared with no relaxed open-mouth display,(1) the occurrence of displacement by a dominant individual approaching a subordinate was lower and the distance of the subordinate to the approaching dominant was shorter when the subordinate showed open-mouth display;(2) relaxed open-mouth display reduced the probability of continued attack for victims of aggression and allowed victims to achieve closer proximity to the aggressor during post-conflict periods;(3) relaxed open-mouth display by dominant individuals allowed them to achieve closer proximity to subordinates; and(4) the exchange of relaxed open-mouth display had a greater impact on the outcome of interactions than one individual alone giving this signal. These findings suggest that relaxed open-mouth display serves important functions regarding submission, reconciliation, affiliation and reassurance in coordinating social interactions within OMUs in golden snub-nosed monkeys.

How some demographic factors affects postpartum haemorrhage prevention in Maiduguri, Nigeria

Aim: The following work studied how tribal affiliation, educational level and occupation of some women that had PPH in Maiduguri metropolis between September 2007 and March 2009 relate with PPH occurrence. The study was aimed at identifying possible risk factors and also to compare the relative prevention efficacies of oxytocin or misoprostol within the matrix of these factors. Method: A total of 1800 pregnant women who have received either oxytocin injection or oral misoprostol in third stage of labour as a prophylaxis of postpartum haemorrhage, were enrolled within three health care facilities in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Each patient was observed at parturition and for 24 h after, during which blood lost was estimated to the nearest millilitres. Demographic characteristics were recorded in a structured proforma. The relationship of the occurrence of PPH (occurrence of blood loss > 500 ml) and mean blood loss (MBL) was studied with respect to the prophylactic medication used and some demographic factors. Results: The incidence of PPH was higher in Igbo, and some “minority” tribes of Borno state (Babur, Bura, Mafa). The tribes that constituted the majority of the study population (Kanuri, and Hausa) exhibited low incidences of PPH. Significant relationships were demonstrated between PPH and educational levels and occupations of participants. Conclussions: It was concluded that PPH occurrence is related to tribal affiliation, educational level and occupation, and the relative efficacies of oxytocin and misoprostol varies between the tribal groups.

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构筑“亲和化”的电视场——试析凤凰卫视“受众中心”的传播策略

在当代大众传播语境中,独特的"凤凰现象"已成为当前国内外传媒学界和业界共同关注的一个热点。凤凰卫视立足于受众心理需求,其突显的"家庭感"与受众的审美期待相呼应,营造的"场效应"与受众接受氛围相契合,以受众为中心的传播策略构筑了凤凰"亲和化"的电视场,为电视受众提供了多方位的审美体验王国。

Interpretation of Jadine's Identity Cognition inTar Babyfrom thePerspective of Space Theory

According to the contemporary Western theory of Lefebvre, the space is divided into three levels: physical space, spiritual space and social space. After going through the toss of the physical space, the exile of the spiritual spaceas well as the dilemma of social space with the journey from Paris to Isle des Chevaliers, to New York, then to Eloe, and finally to Paris, Jadine in Tar Baby had broken the restriction of "dualism" andobtained the ethical identity and culture affiliation of ,"black&white", which will create a new path for the whole African-Americans to search for their ethnic identities and culture attributions.

Influences of affiliated components and train length on the train wind

The induced airfl w from passing trains,which is recognized as train wind,usually has adverse impacts on people in the surroundings,i.e.,the aerodynamic forces generated by a high-speed train＇s wind may act on the human body and endanger the safety of pedestrians or roadside workers.In this paper,an improved delayed detached eddy simulation（IDDES） method is used to study train wind.The effects of the affiliate components and train length on train wind are analyzed.The results indicate that the aff liated components and train length have no effect on train wind in the area in front of the leading nose.In the downstream and wake regions,the longitudinal train wind becomes stronger as the length of the train increases,while the transverse train wind is not affected.The presence of affiliate components strengthens the train wind in the near fiel of the train because of strong fl w solid interactions but has limited effects on train wind in the far field.