Drug target relationship(DTR)prediction is a rapidly evolving area of research in com-putational drug discovery.Despite recent advances in computational solutions that have overcome the challenges of in vitro and in v...Drug target relationship(DTR)prediction is a rapidly evolving area of research in com-putational drug discovery.Despite recent advances in computational solutions that have overcome the challenges of in vitro and in vivo experiments,most computational methods still focus on binary classification.They ignore the importance of binding affinity,which correctly distinguishes between on-targets and off-targets.In this study,we propose a deep learning model based on the microstruc-ture of compounds and proteins to predict drug-target binding affinity(DTA),which utilizes topo-logical structure information of drug molecules and sequence semantic information of proteins.In this model,graph attention network(GAT)is used to capture the deep features of the compound molecular graph,and bidirectional long short-term memory(BiLSTM)network is used to extract the protein sequence features,and the pharmacological context of DTA is obtained by combining the two.The results show that the proposed model has achieved superior performance in both cor-rectly predicting the value of interaction strength and correctly discriminating the ranking of bind-ing strength compared to the state-of-the-art baselines.A case study experiment on COVID-19 con-firms that the proposed DTA model can be used as an effective pre-screening tool in drug discovery.展开更多
Direct separation of high purity ethylene(C_(2)H_(4))from an ethane(C_(2)H_(6))/ethylene mixture is a critical and challenging task owing to the very similar molecular size and physical properties of the two component...Direct separation of high purity ethylene(C_(2)H_(4))from an ethane(C_(2)H_(6))/ethylene mixture is a critical and challenging task owing to the very similar molecular size and physical properties of the two components.While some studies have attempted this separation,there is a lack of excellent porous materials with strong binding affinity for C_(2)H_(6)-selective adsorption via an energy-efficient adsorptive separation process.Herein,we report a titanium metal-organic framework with strong binding affinity and excellent stability for the highly efficient removal of C_(2)H_(6) from C_(2)H_(6)/C_(2)H_(4) mixtures.Single component adsorption isotherms demonstrated a larger amount of adsorbed ethane(1.16 mmol·g^(-1) under 1 kPa)and high C_(2)H_(6)/C_(2)H_(4) selectivity(2.7)for equimolar C_(2)H_(6)/C_(2)H_(4) mixtures,especially in the low-pressure range,which is further confirmed by the results of grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations for C_(2)H_(6) adsorption in this framework.The experimental breakthrough curves showed that C_(2)H_(4) with a high purity was collected directly from both 1:9 and 1:15 C_(2)H_(6)/C_(2)H_(4)(volume ratio)mixtures at 298 K and 100 kPa.Moreover,the unchanged adsorption and separation performance after cycling experiments confirmed the promising applicability of this material in future.展开更多
Integrins are heterodimers that mediate cell adhesion and transduce signals bidirectionally across the cell membrane.Integrins often exist in low affinity(or inactive) states for
The Bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticidal protein, Vip3 A, represents a new family of Bt toxin and is currently applied to commercial transgenic cotton. To determine whether the Cry1Ac-resistant Helicoverpa a...The Bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticidal protein, Vip3 A, represents a new family of Bt toxin and is currently applied to commercial transgenic cotton. To determine whether the Cry1Ac-resistant Helicoverpa armigera is cross-resistant to Vip3 Aa protein, insecticidal activities, proteolytic activations and binding properties of Vip3 Aa toxin were investigated using Cry1Ac-susceptible(96S) and Cry1Ac-resistant H. armigera strain(Cry1Ac-R). The toxicity of Vip3 Aa in Cry1Ac-R slightly reduced compared with 96 S, the resistance ratio was only 1.7-fold. The digestion rate of full-length Vip3 Aa by gut juice extracts from 96 S was little faster than that from Cry1Ac-R. Surface plasmon resonance(SPR) showed there was no significant difference between the binding affinity of Vip3 Aa and BBMVs between 96 S and Cry1Ac-R strains, and there was no significant competitive binding between Vip3 Aa and Cry1 Ac in susceptible or resistant strains. So there had little cross-resistance between Vip3 Aa and Cry1 Ac,Vip3A+Cry proteins maybe the suitable pyramid strategy to control H. armigera in China in the future.展开更多
SARS-CoV-2 variants are constantly emerging,hampering public health measures in controlling the number of infections.While it is well established that mutations in spike proteins observed for the different variants di...SARS-CoV-2 variants are constantly emerging,hampering public health measures in controlling the number of infections.While it is well established that mutations in spike proteins observed for the different variants directly affect virus entry into host cells,there remains a need for further expansion of systematic and multifaceted comparisons.Here,we comprehensively studied the effect of spike protein mutations on spike expression and proteolytic activation,binding affinity,viral entry efficiency and host cell tropism of eight variants of concern(VOC)and variants of interest(VOI).We found that both the full-length spike and its receptor-binding domain(RBD)of Omicron bind to hACE2 with an affinity similar to that of the wild-type.In addition,Alpha,Beta,Delta and Lambda pseudoviruses gained significantly enhanced cell entry ability compared to the wild-type,while the Omicron pseudoviruses showed a slightly increased cell entry,suggesting the vastly increased rate of transmission observed for Omicron variant is not associated with its affinity to hACE2.We also found that the spikes of Omicron and Mu showed lower S1/S2 cleavage efficiency and inefficiently utilized TMPRSS2 to enter host cells than others,suggesting that they prefer the endocytosis pathway to enter host cells.Furthermore,all variants'pseudoviruses we tested gained the ability to enter the animal ACE2-expressing cells.Especially the infection potential of rats and mice showed significantly increased,strongly suggesting that rodents possibly become a reservoir for viral evolution.The insights gained from this study provide valuable guidance for a targeted approach to epidemic control,and contribute to a better understanding of SARS-CoV-2 evolution.展开更多
This novel study identifi es the effective anti-inflammatory phenolic compounds in dandelion and provides mechanistic insights into their interactions with receptor proteins(toll-like receptor 4,TLR4;co-receptor myelo...This novel study identifi es the effective anti-inflammatory phenolic compounds in dandelion and provides mechanistic insights into their interactions with receptor proteins(toll-like receptor 4,TLR4;co-receptor myeloid differentiation protein-2,MD-2)using UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS,lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated THP-1 cell line,fluorescence quenching and anisotropy,molecular docking(single ligand and multi-ligand docking)and molecular dynamics simulation.A 50%aqueous methanol extract had a greater anti-inflammatory effect and higher chicoric acid content,compared with the 100%water and 100%methanol extracts.Chicoric acid,chlorogenic acid,methylophiopogonone A,caffeic acid,gallic acid monohydrate and 4’-O-demethylbroussonin A had relatively high binding energies and contents in all extracts.Chicoric acid competed with chlorogenic acid,4’-O-demethylbroussonin A and quercetin for MD-2.Among dandelion’s phenolics,chicoric acid most effectively hindered TLR4-MD-2 complex formation,with a quenching constant of 0.62×10^(6) L/mol for MD-2 or TLR4 at 320 K,and binding energies of-6.87 and-5.97 kcal/mol,respectively,for MD-2 and TLR4.展开更多
Many efforts have been exerted toward screening potential drugs for targets,and conducting wet experiments remains a laborious and time-consuming approach.Artificial intelligence methods,such as Convolutional Neural N...Many efforts have been exerted toward screening potential drugs for targets,and conducting wet experiments remains a laborious and time-consuming approach.Artificial intelligence methods,such as Convolutional Neural Network(CNN),are widely used to facilitate new drug discovery.Owing to the structural limitations of CNN,features extracted from this method are local patterns that lack global information.However,global information extracted from the whole sequence and local patterns extracted from the special domain can influence the drugtarget affinity.A fusion of global information and local patterns can construct neural network calculations closer to actual biological processes.This paper proposes a Fingerprint-embedding framework for Drug-Target binding Affinity prediction(FingerDTA),which uses CNN to extract local patterns and utilize fingerprints to characterize global information.These fingerprints are generated on the basis of the whole sequence of drugs or targets.Furthermore,FingerDTA achieves comparable performance on Davis and KIBA data sets.In the case study of screening potential drugs for the spike protein of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),7 of the top 10 drugs have been confirmed potential by literature.Ultimately,the docking experiment demonstrates that FingerDTA can find novel drug candidates for targets.All codes are available at http://lanproxy.biodwhu.cn:9099/mszjaas/FingerDTA.git.展开更多
Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) in insects are postulated to solubilize and transport the hydrophobic odorants across the hydrophilic antennal lymph to the olfactory receptors (ORs) located on the dendrite membran...Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) in insects are postulated to solubilize and transport the hydrophobic odorants across the hydrophilic antennal lymph to the olfactory receptors (ORs) located on the dendrite membrane of the sensory neurons. OBPs in adult insects have been intensively reported, but those in larvae are rarely addressed. In our study, a full-length OBP cDNA, namely SexiOBP13, was cloned by RT-PCR and RACE strategy from the heads of Spodoptera exigua larvae. The quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) measurement indicated that SexiOBP13 was highly expressed in larval head, but very low in other parts of larva and was not detected in any tissues of adult. The binding affinities of SexiOBP13 to plant volatiles and female sex pheromone components were measured by competitive binding assays. Interestingly, SexiOBP13 displayed a high binding affinity (Ki=3.82 IJmol L-1) to Z9,E12-14:Ac, the major sex pheromone component of S. exigua, while low affinities to the tested host plant volatiles (Ki〉27 μmol L-l). The behavioral tests further confirmed that Z9,E12-14:Ac was indeed active to elicit the behavioral activity of the third instar larvae of S. exigua. Taken together, our results suggest that SexiOBP13 may play a role in reception of female sex pheromone in S. exigua larvae. The ecological significance of the larvae preference to the adult female sex pheromone was discussed.展开更多
The cellular functions of proteins are maintained by forming diverse complexes.The stability of these com-plexes is quantified by the measurement of binding affinity,and mutations that alter the binding affinity can c...The cellular functions of proteins are maintained by forming diverse complexes.The stability of these com-plexes is quantified by the measurement of binding affinity,and mutations that alter the binding affinity can cause various diseases such as cancer and diabetes.As a result,accurate estimation of the binding stability and the effects of mutations on changes of binding affinity is a crucial step to understanding the biological functions of proteins and their dysfunctional consequences.It has been hypothesized that the stability of a protein complex is dependent not only on the residues at its binding interface by pairwise interactions but also on all other remaining residues that do not appear at the binding interface.Here,we computationally reconstruct the binding affinity by decomposing it into the contributions of interfacial residues and other non-interfacial residues in a protein complex.We further assume that the contributions of both interfacial and non-interfacial residues to the binding affinity depend on their local structural environments such as solvent-accessible surfaces and secondary structural types.The weights of all corresponding parameters are optimized by Monte-Carlo simulations.After cross-validation against a large-scale dataset,we show that the model not only shows a strong correlation between the absolute values of the experimental and calculated binding affinities,but can also be an effective approach to predict the relative changes of binding affinity from mutations.Moreover,we have found that the optimized weights of many parameters can capture the first-principle chemical and physical features of molecular recognition,therefore re-versely engineering the energetics of protein complexes.These results suggest that our method can serve as a useful addition to current computational approaches for predicting binding affinity and understanding the molecular mechanism of protein–protein interactions.展开更多
Olfaction plays a crucial role for arthropods in foraging,mating,and oviposition.The odorant-binding protein(OBP)gene is considered one of the most important olfactory genes.However,little is known about its functions...Olfaction plays a crucial role for arthropods in foraging,mating,and oviposition.The odorant-binding protein(OBP)gene is considered one of the most important olfactory genes.However,little is known about its functions in predatory mites.Here,we used Neoseiulus barkeri,an important commercialized natural pest control,to explore the chemosensory characteristics of OBP.In this study,N.barkeri was attracted by methyl salicylate(MeSA)and showed higher crawling speeds under MeSA treatment.Then,we identified and cloned an OBP gene named Nbarobp2 and analyzed its expression profiles in the predatory mite.Nbarobp2 was 663 bp,was highly expressed in larval and nymphal stages,and was significantly upregulated in N.barkeri under MeSA treatment.Nbarobp2 encoded 202 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 23 kDa(after removing the signal peptide).Sequence comparisons revealed that the OBPs in Arachnida shared 6 conserved cysteine sites,but were distinguishable from the OBPs of Insecta on the phylogenetic tree.RNA interference,Western blotting,and binding affinity assays further proved that Nbarobp2 was involved in volatile perception in predatory mites.This study shed light on the functional characteristics of OBPs in predatory mites,providing a new insight for better biological control.展开更多
We have determined the binding strengths between ribonucleotides of adenine(A),guanine(G),uracil(U),and cytosine(C)in homogeneous single-stranded ribonucleic acids(ssRNAs)and homo-decapeptides consisting of 20 common ...We have determined the binding strengths between ribonucleotides of adenine(A),guanine(G),uracil(U),and cytosine(C)in homogeneous single-stranded ribonucleic acids(ssRNAs)and homo-decapeptides consisting of 20 common amino acids.We use a bead-based fluorescence assay for these measurements in which decapeptides are immobilized on the bead surface and ssRNAs are in solutions.The results provide a molecular basis for analyzing selectivity,specificity,and polymorphisms of amino-acid–ribonucleotide interactions.Comparative analyses of the distribution of the binding energies reveal unique binding strength patterns assignable to each pair of amino acid and ribonucleotide originating from the chemical structures.Pronounced favorable(such as Arg–G)and unfavorable(such as Met–U)binding interactions can be identified in selected groups of amino acid and ribonucleotide pairs that could provide basis to elucidate energetics of amino-acid–ribonucleotide interactions.Such interaction selectivity,specificity,and polymorphism manifest the contributions from RNA backbone,RNA bases,as well as main chain and side chain of the amino acids.Such characteristics in peptide–RNA interactions might be helpful for understanding the mechanism of protein–RNA specific recognition and the design of RNA nano-delivery systems based on peptides and their derivatives.展开更多
Objective:We aimed to develop a bioinformatics approach for drug discovery variety of effective drugs for Coronavirus disease treatment(COVID-19).Methods:First,the structure of relevant drugs have been optimized and p...Objective:We aimed to develop a bioinformatics approach for drug discovery variety of effective drugs for Coronavirus disease treatment(COVID-19).Methods:First,the structure of relevant drugs have been optimized and prepared as input data for docking software.Then,The X-ray structure of SARS CoV-2(PDB ID:6VWW)and 2019-nCoV(PDB ID:6M0J)receptors is prepared by eliminating water molecules and unique ligands.Finally,significant interactions have been reported with Discovery Studio 4.5 Client software.Results:The MolDock Score value indicated the positive effect of drugs on the inactivation of COVID-19.Cobicistat and Ritonavir drugs have the most inhibitory effect(MolDock Scores:-160.49 and-205.91 kj/mol),and a wide spectrum of interactions such as Van der Waals,conventional hydrogen bond,carbon-hydrogen bond,Pi-doner hydrogen bond,Pi-Pi stacked,Pi Pi T-shaped,Alkyl,and Pi Alkyl is contributed in final binding affinity.展开更多
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9(Cas9)is widely used for targeted genomic and epigenomic modifications and imaging in cells and organisms,and holds trem...The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9(Cas9)is widely used for targeted genomic and epigenomic modifications and imaging in cells and organisms,and holds tremendous promise in clinical applications.The efficiency and accuracy of the technology are partly determined by the target binding affinity and residence time of Cas9-single-guide RNA(sgRNA)at a given site.However,little attention has been paid to the effect of target binding affinity and residence duration on the repair of Cas9-induced DNA double-strand breaks(DSBs).We propose that the choice of DSB repair pathway may be altered by variation in the binding affinity and residence duration of Cas9-sgRNA at the cleaved target,contributing to significantly heterogeneous mutations in CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing.Here,we discuss the effect of Cas9-sgRNA target binding and residence on the choice of DSB repair pathway in CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing,and the opportunity this presents to optimize Cas9-based technology.展开更多
Using directed mutagenesis and phage display on a soluble fragment of the human immunoglobulin superfamily receptor ILT2(synonyms:LIR1,MIR7,CD85j),we have selected a range of mutants with binding affinities enhanced b...Using directed mutagenesis and phage display on a soluble fragment of the human immunoglobulin superfamily receptor ILT2(synonyms:LIR1,MIR7,CD85j),we have selected a range of mutants with binding affinities enhanced by up to 168,000-fold towards the conserved region of major histocompatibility complex(MHC)class I molecules.Produced in a dimeric form,either by chemical cross-linking with bivalent polyethylene glycol(PEG)derivatives or as a genetic fusion with human IgG Fc-fragment,the mutants exhibited a further increase in ligand-binding strength due to the avidity effect,with resident half-times(t1/2)on the surface of MHC I-positive cells of many hours.The novel compounds antagonized the interaction of CD8 co-receptor with MHC I in vitro without affecting the peptide-specific binding of T-cell receptors(TCRs).In both cytokine-release assays and cell-killing experiments the engineered receptors inhibited the activation of CD8^(+)cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs)in the presence of their target cells,with subnanomolar potency and in a dose-dependent manner.As a selective inhibitor of CD8^(+)CTL responses,the engineered high affinity ILT2 receptor presents a new tool for studying the activation mechanism of different subsets of CTLs and could have potential for the development of novel autoimmunity therapies.展开更多
Restrained molecular dynamics simulations were performed to study the binding affinity of the peptide with alkanethiols of different tail-groups, S(CH2)7CH3, S(CH2)7OH and S(CH2)7COOH, which self-assembled on Au...Restrained molecular dynamics simulations were performed to study the binding affinity of the peptide with alkanethiols of different tail-groups, S(CH2)7CH3, S(CH2)7OH and S(CH2)7COOH, which self-assembled on Au(111) surface in the presence of water molecules. The curves of binding affinity were calculated by fixing the center of mass of the peptide at various distances from the assembling surface. Simulation results show that the binding affin- ity is in the order as COOH-SAMs〉OH-SAMs〉CH3-SAMs, while 100% COOH-SAMs〉5% COOH-SAMS in concentration. The effects on binding affinity by different tail-groups were also studied. Results show that the binding affinity between COOH-SAMs and the peptide is bigger than those of the others and increasing the acidity of COOH-SAMs will result in stronger attractive power.展开更多
Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog(KRAS)-phosphodiesterase-delta(PDEδ)is a promising target for antitumor drug discovery.Herein,highly efficient and environmentally sensitive fluorescent probes of PDEδ(DS-Pr...Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog(KRAS)-phosphodiesterase-delta(PDEδ)is a promising target for antitumor drug discovery.Herein,highly efficient and environmentally sensitive fluorescent probes of PDEδ(DS-Probes)were rationally designed.As compared with the reported PDEδprobes,DS-Probes showed higher binding affinity and selectivity,which were able to conveniently and efficiently label PDEδin live cells as well as tumor tissues.Therefore,these fluorescent probes are expected to facilitate PDEδ-based mechanism elucidation,drug discovery and pathologic diagnosis.展开更多
Bisphenol A(BPA)is one of the environmental endocrine disruptors(EDCs),and BPA contamination in environment can cause high risks to human health.Rapid determination of BPA on sites is in high demand in environmental a...Bisphenol A(BPA)is one of the environmental endocrine disruptors(EDCs),and BPA contamination in environment can cause high risks to human health.Rapid determination of BPA on sites is in high demand in environmental analysis.Taking advantage of aptamers as affinity ligands and fluorescence anisotropy(FA)analysis,we developed a simple and rapid FA assay for BPA by employing a single tetramethylrhodamine(TMR)labeled short 35-mer DNA aptamer against BPA.The assay is based on the BPA-binding induced conformation change of TMR-labeled aptamer and alteration of interaction between TMR and guanine bases,resulting in change of FA signals.We screened the FA change of aptamer probes having TMR label on a specific site of the aptamer upon BPA addition.The aptamer with a TMR label on the 22nd T base showed large FA-decreasing response to BPA and maintained good binding affinity to BPA.By using this TMR-labeled aptamer,we achieved FA detection of BPA with a detection limit of 0.5μmol/L under the optimized conditions.This assay was selective towards BPA and enabled the detection of BPA spiked in tap water sample,showing the potential applications on water samples.展开更多
The performance of water purification by adsorption method has been limited owing to the fact that most of current available adsorbents fail to achieve satisfactory removal performance for organic micropollutants.Here...The performance of water purification by adsorption method has been limited owing to the fact that most of current available adsorbents fail to achieve satisfactory removal performance for organic micropollutants.Herein,we report the design and synthesis of novel porous polymeric adsorbent built fromβ-cyclodextrin(B-CD),in whichβ-CD molecules are arranged in an ordered bis(β-CD)tubular assemblies.The induction of bis(B-CD)units renders them high adsorption affinity toweard bisphenols(bisphenol A and its analogues bisphenol B,bisphenol F and bisphenol S),the typical endocrine disruptors,via the formation of stable host-guest inclusion complexes in aquatic systems.In combination with their high porosity(Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)surface area of 150 m2·g-1),abundantβ-CD content and fast sorption kinetics,the obtained adsorbent outperforms commercial water purifier in elimination of bisphenol micropollutants from potable water.Our work may open a new avenue for designing highly eficient adsorbents for removal of organic micropollutants from aquatic systems.展开更多
The BH3 mimetics targeting the interaction between the BH3-only proteins and their prosurvival Bcl-2family proteins have shown enormous potential as cancer therapeutics. Herein, seven analogues targeting anti-apoptoti...The BH3 mimetics targeting the interaction between the BH3-only proteins and their prosurvival Bcl-2family proteins have shown enormous potential as cancer therapeutics. Herein, seven analogues targeting anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins derived from the Bim BH3 domain via sequence simplification and/or modification are described. The in vitro binding affinity on anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins and cell killing activity were evaluated. The results showed that analogues could significantly bind to target proteins and exhibited anti-cancer effect against three cancer cell lines. Of particular interest were the analogue SM-5(KD= 9.48 nmol/L for Bcl-2) and SM-6(KD= 0.08 nmol/L for Bcl-xL), which exhibited improved binding affinity compared with the lead Bim(KD= 16.90 nmol/L for Bcl-2 and 22.2 nmol/L for Bcl-xL, respectively). These results indicated that the peptide sequence containing the four hydrophobic side chains occupying pockets within the BH3-recognition cleft of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins might be the minimum sequence required for the bioactivity and the active core region of Bim. Promising inhibitors of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins with high bioactivity might be designed based on the active core.展开更多
文摘Drug target relationship(DTR)prediction is a rapidly evolving area of research in com-putational drug discovery.Despite recent advances in computational solutions that have overcome the challenges of in vitro and in vivo experiments,most computational methods still focus on binary classification.They ignore the importance of binding affinity,which correctly distinguishes between on-targets and off-targets.In this study,we propose a deep learning model based on the microstruc-ture of compounds and proteins to predict drug-target binding affinity(DTA),which utilizes topo-logical structure information of drug molecules and sequence semantic information of proteins.In this model,graph attention network(GAT)is used to capture the deep features of the compound molecular graph,and bidirectional long short-term memory(BiLSTM)network is used to extract the protein sequence features,and the pharmacological context of DTA is obtained by combining the two.The results show that the proposed model has achieved superior performance in both cor-rectly predicting the value of interaction strength and correctly discriminating the ranking of bind-ing strength compared to the state-of-the-art baselines.A case study experiment on COVID-19 con-firms that the proposed DTA model can be used as an effective pre-screening tool in drug discovery.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21922810, 21908153, 21908155)program of Innovative Talents of Higher Education Institutions of Shanxithe supported by Cultivate Scientific Research Excellence Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi (CSREP)
文摘Direct separation of high purity ethylene(C_(2)H_(4))from an ethane(C_(2)H_(6))/ethylene mixture is a critical and challenging task owing to the very similar molecular size and physical properties of the two components.While some studies have attempted this separation,there is a lack of excellent porous materials with strong binding affinity for C_(2)H_(6)-selective adsorption via an energy-efficient adsorptive separation process.Herein,we report a titanium metal-organic framework with strong binding affinity and excellent stability for the highly efficient removal of C_(2)H_(6) from C_(2)H_(6)/C_(2)H_(4) mixtures.Single component adsorption isotherms demonstrated a larger amount of adsorbed ethane(1.16 mmol·g^(-1) under 1 kPa)and high C_(2)H_(6)/C_(2)H_(4) selectivity(2.7)for equimolar C_(2)H_(6)/C_(2)H_(4) mixtures,especially in the low-pressure range,which is further confirmed by the results of grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations for C_(2)H_(6) adsorption in this framework.The experimental breakthrough curves showed that C_(2)H_(4) with a high purity was collected directly from both 1:9 and 1:15 C_(2)H_(6)/C_(2)H_(4)(volume ratio)mixtures at 298 K and 100 kPa.Moreover,the unchanged adsorption and separation performance after cycling experiments confirmed the promising applicability of this material in future.
文摘Integrins are heterodimers that mediate cell adhesion and transduce signals bidirectionally across the cell membrane.Integrins often exist in low affinity(or inactive) states for
基金supported by the Key Project for Breeding Genetically Modified Organisms,China (2014ZX08011-002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30971921, 31321004)
文摘The Bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticidal protein, Vip3 A, represents a new family of Bt toxin and is currently applied to commercial transgenic cotton. To determine whether the Cry1Ac-resistant Helicoverpa armigera is cross-resistant to Vip3 Aa protein, insecticidal activities, proteolytic activations and binding properties of Vip3 Aa toxin were investigated using Cry1Ac-susceptible(96S) and Cry1Ac-resistant H. armigera strain(Cry1Ac-R). The toxicity of Vip3 Aa in Cry1Ac-R slightly reduced compared with 96 S, the resistance ratio was only 1.7-fold. The digestion rate of full-length Vip3 Aa by gut juice extracts from 96 S was little faster than that from Cry1Ac-R. Surface plasmon resonance(SPR) showed there was no significant difference between the binding affinity of Vip3 Aa and BBMVs between 96 S and Cry1Ac-R strains, and there was no significant competitive binding between Vip3 Aa and Cry1 Ac in susceptible or resistant strains. So there had little cross-resistance between Vip3 Aa and Cry1 Ac,Vip3A+Cry proteins maybe the suitable pyramid strategy to control H. armigera in China in the future.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.XDB29050100)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2022YFC0869900,2022YFC2303501,2020YFC0861100)the Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.2020YJFK-Z-0150).
文摘SARS-CoV-2 variants are constantly emerging,hampering public health measures in controlling the number of infections.While it is well established that mutations in spike proteins observed for the different variants directly affect virus entry into host cells,there remains a need for further expansion of systematic and multifaceted comparisons.Here,we comprehensively studied the effect of spike protein mutations on spike expression and proteolytic activation,binding affinity,viral entry efficiency and host cell tropism of eight variants of concern(VOC)and variants of interest(VOI).We found that both the full-length spike and its receptor-binding domain(RBD)of Omicron bind to hACE2 with an affinity similar to that of the wild-type.In addition,Alpha,Beta,Delta and Lambda pseudoviruses gained significantly enhanced cell entry ability compared to the wild-type,while the Omicron pseudoviruses showed a slightly increased cell entry,suggesting the vastly increased rate of transmission observed for Omicron variant is not associated with its affinity to hACE2.We also found that the spikes of Omicron and Mu showed lower S1/S2 cleavage efficiency and inefficiently utilized TMPRSS2 to enter host cells than others,suggesting that they prefer the endocytosis pathway to enter host cells.Furthermore,all variants'pseudoviruses we tested gained the ability to enter the animal ACE2-expressing cells.Especially the infection potential of rats and mice showed significantly increased,strongly suggesting that rodents possibly become a reservoir for viral evolution.The insights gained from this study provide valuable guidance for a targeted approach to epidemic control,and contribute to a better understanding of SARS-CoV-2 evolution.
基金supported by the funding“Innovation Project of Shandong Province Agricultural Application Technology”(2130106)“Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong”(2019GNC106004).
文摘This novel study identifi es the effective anti-inflammatory phenolic compounds in dandelion and provides mechanistic insights into their interactions with receptor proteins(toll-like receptor 4,TLR4;co-receptor myeloid differentiation protein-2,MD-2)using UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS,lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated THP-1 cell line,fluorescence quenching and anisotropy,molecular docking(single ligand and multi-ligand docking)and molecular dynamics simulation.A 50%aqueous methanol extract had a greater anti-inflammatory effect and higher chicoric acid content,compared with the 100%water and 100%methanol extracts.Chicoric acid,chlorogenic acid,methylophiopogonone A,caffeic acid,gallic acid monohydrate and 4’-O-demethylbroussonin A had relatively high binding energies and contents in all extracts.Chicoric acid competed with chlorogenic acid,4’-O-demethylbroussonin A and quercetin for MD-2.Among dandelion’s phenolics,chicoric acid most effectively hindered TLR4-MD-2 complex formation,with a quenching constant of 0.62×10^(6) L/mol for MD-2 or TLR4 at 320 K,and binding energies of-6.87 and-5.97 kcal/mol,respectively,for MD-2 and TLR4.
基金funded by the China National Key Research and Development Program(No.2019YFA0904300).
文摘Many efforts have been exerted toward screening potential drugs for targets,and conducting wet experiments remains a laborious and time-consuming approach.Artificial intelligence methods,such as Convolutional Neural Network(CNN),are widely used to facilitate new drug discovery.Owing to the structural limitations of CNN,features extracted from this method are local patterns that lack global information.However,global information extracted from the whole sequence and local patterns extracted from the special domain can influence the drugtarget affinity.A fusion of global information and local patterns can construct neural network calculations closer to actual biological processes.This paper proposes a Fingerprint-embedding framework for Drug-Target binding Affinity prediction(FingerDTA),which uses CNN to extract local patterns and utilize fingerprints to characterize global information.These fingerprints are generated on the basis of the whole sequence of drugs or targets.Furthermore,FingerDTA achieves comparable performance on Davis and KIBA data sets.In the case study of screening potential drugs for the spike protein of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),7 of the top 10 drugs have been confirmed potential by literature.Ultimately,the docking experiment demonstrates that FingerDTA can find novel drug candidates for targets.All codes are available at http://lanproxy.biodwhu.cn:9099/mszjaas/FingerDTA.git.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31372264)the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest,China (201203036)
文摘Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) in insects are postulated to solubilize and transport the hydrophobic odorants across the hydrophilic antennal lymph to the olfactory receptors (ORs) located on the dendrite membrane of the sensory neurons. OBPs in adult insects have been intensively reported, but those in larvae are rarely addressed. In our study, a full-length OBP cDNA, namely SexiOBP13, was cloned by RT-PCR and RACE strategy from the heads of Spodoptera exigua larvae. The quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) measurement indicated that SexiOBP13 was highly expressed in larval head, but very low in other parts of larva and was not detected in any tissues of adult. The binding affinities of SexiOBP13 to plant volatiles and female sex pheromone components were measured by competitive binding assays. Interestingly, SexiOBP13 displayed a high binding affinity (Ki=3.82 IJmol L-1) to Z9,E12-14:Ac, the major sex pheromone component of S. exigua, while low affinities to the tested host plant volatiles (Ki〉27 μmol L-l). The behavioral tests further confirmed that Z9,E12-14:Ac was indeed active to elicit the behavioral activity of the third instar larvae of S. exigua. Taken together, our results suggest that SexiOBP13 may play a role in reception of female sex pheromone in S. exigua larvae. The ecological significance of the larvae preference to the adult female sex pheromone was discussed.
基金supported by the National Institutes of Health (Grant Nos. R01GM120238 and R01GM122804)partially supported by a start-up grant from Albert Einstein College of Medicine
文摘The cellular functions of proteins are maintained by forming diverse complexes.The stability of these com-plexes is quantified by the measurement of binding affinity,and mutations that alter the binding affinity can cause various diseases such as cancer and diabetes.As a result,accurate estimation of the binding stability and the effects of mutations on changes of binding affinity is a crucial step to understanding the biological functions of proteins and their dysfunctional consequences.It has been hypothesized that the stability of a protein complex is dependent not only on the residues at its binding interface by pairwise interactions but also on all other remaining residues that do not appear at the binding interface.Here,we computationally reconstruct the binding affinity by decomposing it into the contributions of interfacial residues and other non-interfacial residues in a protein complex.We further assume that the contributions of both interfacial and non-interfacial residues to the binding affinity depend on their local structural environments such as solvent-accessible surfaces and secondary structural types.The weights of all corresponding parameters are optimized by Monte-Carlo simulations.After cross-validation against a large-scale dataset,we show that the model not only shows a strong correlation between the absolute values of the experimental and calculated binding affinities,but can also be an effective approach to predict the relative changes of binding affinity from mutations.Moreover,we have found that the optimized weights of many parameters can capture the first-principle chemical and physical features of molecular recognition,therefore re-versely engineering the energetics of protein complexes.These results suggest that our method can serve as a useful addition to current computational approaches for predicting binding affinity and understanding the molecular mechanism of protein–protein interactions.
基金This research was funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFC2600100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072483,31901944)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0407)the Technology Innovation and Application Development Foundation of Chongqing,China(cstc2021jscx-lyjsAX0005)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(SWUKQ22019).
文摘Olfaction plays a crucial role for arthropods in foraging,mating,and oviposition.The odorant-binding protein(OBP)gene is considered one of the most important olfactory genes.However,little is known about its functions in predatory mites.Here,we used Neoseiulus barkeri,an important commercialized natural pest control,to explore the chemosensory characteristics of OBP.In this study,N.barkeri was attracted by methyl salicylate(MeSA)and showed higher crawling speeds under MeSA treatment.Then,we identified and cloned an OBP gene named Nbarobp2 and analyzed its expression profiles in the predatory mite.Nbarobp2 was 663 bp,was highly expressed in larval and nymphal stages,and was significantly upregulated in N.barkeri under MeSA treatment.Nbarobp2 encoded 202 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 23 kDa(after removing the signal peptide).Sequence comparisons revealed that the OBPs in Arachnida shared 6 conserved cysteine sites,but were distinguishable from the OBPs of Insecta on the phylogenetic tree.RNA interference,Western blotting,and binding affinity assays further proved that Nbarobp2 was involved in volatile perception in predatory mites.This study shed light on the functional characteristics of OBPs in predatory mites,providing a new insight for better biological control.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21721002,32101130,and 31971295)Financial support from the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB36000000)is also gratefully acknowledged.
文摘We have determined the binding strengths between ribonucleotides of adenine(A),guanine(G),uracil(U),and cytosine(C)in homogeneous single-stranded ribonucleic acids(ssRNAs)and homo-decapeptides consisting of 20 common amino acids.We use a bead-based fluorescence assay for these measurements in which decapeptides are immobilized on the bead surface and ssRNAs are in solutions.The results provide a molecular basis for analyzing selectivity,specificity,and polymorphisms of amino-acid–ribonucleotide interactions.Comparative analyses of the distribution of the binding energies reveal unique binding strength patterns assignable to each pair of amino acid and ribonucleotide originating from the chemical structures.Pronounced favorable(such as Arg–G)and unfavorable(such as Met–U)binding interactions can be identified in selected groups of amino acid and ribonucleotide pairs that could provide basis to elucidate energetics of amino-acid–ribonucleotide interactions.Such interaction selectivity,specificity,and polymorphism manifest the contributions from RNA backbone,RNA bases,as well as main chain and side chain of the amino acids.Such characteristics in peptide–RNA interactions might be helpful for understanding the mechanism of protein–RNA specific recognition and the design of RNA nano-delivery systems based on peptides and their derivatives.
文摘Objective:We aimed to develop a bioinformatics approach for drug discovery variety of effective drugs for Coronavirus disease treatment(COVID-19).Methods:First,the structure of relevant drugs have been optimized and prepared as input data for docking software.Then,The X-ray structure of SARS CoV-2(PDB ID:6VWW)and 2019-nCoV(PDB ID:6M0J)receptors is prepared by eliminating water molecules and unique ligands.Finally,significant interactions have been reported with Discovery Studio 4.5 Client software.Results:The MolDock Score value indicated the positive effect of drugs on the inactivation of COVID-19.Cobicistat and Ritonavir drugs have the most inhibitory effect(MolDock Scores:-160.49 and-205.91 kj/mol),and a wide spectrum of interactions such as Van der Waals,conventional hydrogen bond,carbon-hydrogen bond,Pi-doner hydrogen bond,Pi-Pi stacked,Pi Pi T-shaped,Alkyl,and Pi Alkyl is contributed in final binding affinity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31671385 and 31870806)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.LY18C050001 and LQ20C050004)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in China(No.2019QNA7031)。
文摘The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9(Cas9)is widely used for targeted genomic and epigenomic modifications and imaging in cells and organisms,and holds tremendous promise in clinical applications.The efficiency and accuracy of the technology are partly determined by the target binding affinity and residence time of Cas9-single-guide RNA(sgRNA)at a given site.However,little attention has been paid to the effect of target binding affinity and residence duration on the repair of Cas9-induced DNA double-strand breaks(DSBs).We propose that the choice of DSB repair pathway may be altered by variation in the binding affinity and residence duration of Cas9-sgRNA at the cleaved target,contributing to significantly heterogeneous mutations in CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing.Here,we discuss the effect of Cas9-sgRNA target binding and residence on the choice of DSB repair pathway in CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing,and the opportunity this presents to optimize Cas9-based technology.
基金This work was funded by MediGene AG,Munich,Germany.Authors declare noconflict of interest associated with this work.
文摘Using directed mutagenesis and phage display on a soluble fragment of the human immunoglobulin superfamily receptor ILT2(synonyms:LIR1,MIR7,CD85j),we have selected a range of mutants with binding affinities enhanced by up to 168,000-fold towards the conserved region of major histocompatibility complex(MHC)class I molecules.Produced in a dimeric form,either by chemical cross-linking with bivalent polyethylene glycol(PEG)derivatives or as a genetic fusion with human IgG Fc-fragment,the mutants exhibited a further increase in ligand-binding strength due to the avidity effect,with resident half-times(t1/2)on the surface of MHC I-positive cells of many hours.The novel compounds antagonized the interaction of CD8 co-receptor with MHC I in vitro without affecting the peptide-specific binding of T-cell receptors(TCRs).In both cytokine-release assays and cell-killing experiments the engineered receptors inhibited the activation of CD8^(+)cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs)in the presence of their target cells,with subnanomolar potency and in a dose-dependent manner.As a selective inhibitor of CD8^(+)CTL responses,the engineered high affinity ILT2 receptor presents a new tool for studying the activation mechanism of different subsets of CTLs and could have potential for the development of novel autoimmunity therapies.
文摘Restrained molecular dynamics simulations were performed to study the binding affinity of the peptide with alkanethiols of different tail-groups, S(CH2)7CH3, S(CH2)7OH and S(CH2)7COOH, which self-assembled on Au(111) surface in the presence of water molecules. The curves of binding affinity were calculated by fixing the center of mass of the peptide at various distances from the assembling surface. Simulation results show that the binding affin- ity is in the order as COOH-SAMs〉OH-SAMs〉CH3-SAMs, while 100% COOH-SAMs〉5% COOH-SAMS in concentration. The effects on binding affinity by different tail-groups were also studied. Results show that the binding affinity between COOH-SAMs and the peptide is bigger than those of the others and increasing the acidity of COOH-SAMs will result in stronger attractive power.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFA0509200 to C.Sheng)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81903436 to Y.Li,82204211 to W.Wang and 22077138 to S.Wu)Shanghai Rising-Star Program(No.22QA1411300 to S.Wu).
文摘Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog(KRAS)-phosphodiesterase-delta(PDEδ)is a promising target for antitumor drug discovery.Herein,highly efficient and environmentally sensitive fluorescent probes of PDEδ(DS-Probes)were rationally designed.As compared with the reported PDEδprobes,DS-Probes showed higher binding affinity and selectivity,which were able to conveniently and efficiently label PDEδin live cells as well as tumor tissues.Therefore,these fluorescent probes are expected to facilitate PDEδ-based mechanism elucidation,drug discovery and pathologic diagnosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21874146,21575153,21435008)。
文摘Bisphenol A(BPA)is one of the environmental endocrine disruptors(EDCs),and BPA contamination in environment can cause high risks to human health.Rapid determination of BPA on sites is in high demand in environmental analysis.Taking advantage of aptamers as affinity ligands and fluorescence anisotropy(FA)analysis,we developed a simple and rapid FA assay for BPA by employing a single tetramethylrhodamine(TMR)labeled short 35-mer DNA aptamer against BPA.The assay is based on the BPA-binding induced conformation change of TMR-labeled aptamer and alteration of interaction between TMR and guanine bases,resulting in change of FA signals.We screened the FA change of aptamer probes having TMR label on a specific site of the aptamer upon BPA addition.The aptamer with a TMR label on the 22nd T base showed large FA-decreasing response to BPA and maintained good binding affinity to BPA.By using this TMR-labeled aptamer,we achieved FA detection of BPA with a detection limit of 0.5μmol/L under the optimized conditions.This assay was selective towards BPA and enabled the detection of BPA spiked in tap water sample,showing the potential applications on water samples.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFA0203200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21721003 and 21874127)K.C.Wong Education Foundation.
文摘The performance of water purification by adsorption method has been limited owing to the fact that most of current available adsorbents fail to achieve satisfactory removal performance for organic micropollutants.Herein,we report the design and synthesis of novel porous polymeric adsorbent built fromβ-cyclodextrin(B-CD),in whichβ-CD molecules are arranged in an ordered bis(β-CD)tubular assemblies.The induction of bis(B-CD)units renders them high adsorption affinity toweard bisphenols(bisphenol A and its analogues bisphenol B,bisphenol F and bisphenol S),the typical endocrine disruptors,via the formation of stable host-guest inclusion complexes in aquatic systems.In combination with their high porosity(Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)surface area of 150 m2·g-1),abundantβ-CD content and fast sorption kinetics,the obtained adsorbent outperforms commercial water purifier in elimination of bisphenol micropollutants from potable water.Our work may open a new avenue for designing highly eficient adsorbents for removal of organic micropollutants from aquatic systems.
基金financially supported by Postdoctoral Applied Research Project of Qingdao(No.861605040085,to CZ,SW)Grant of Innovation Plan in Biomedical Research of Qingdao City(No.15-10-3-15-(28)-zch,to SW)
文摘The BH3 mimetics targeting the interaction between the BH3-only proteins and their prosurvival Bcl-2family proteins have shown enormous potential as cancer therapeutics. Herein, seven analogues targeting anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins derived from the Bim BH3 domain via sequence simplification and/or modification are described. The in vitro binding affinity on anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins and cell killing activity were evaluated. The results showed that analogues could significantly bind to target proteins and exhibited anti-cancer effect against three cancer cell lines. Of particular interest were the analogue SM-5(KD= 9.48 nmol/L for Bcl-2) and SM-6(KD= 0.08 nmol/L for Bcl-xL), which exhibited improved binding affinity compared with the lead Bim(KD= 16.90 nmol/L for Bcl-2 and 22.2 nmol/L for Bcl-xL, respectively). These results indicated that the peptide sequence containing the four hydrophobic side chains occupying pockets within the BH3-recognition cleft of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins might be the minimum sequence required for the bioactivity and the active core region of Bim. Promising inhibitors of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins with high bioactivity might be designed based on the active core.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21673117 and 91956109)Jiangsu Provincial Foundation for Specially-Appointed Professor,Jiangsu Science and Technology Plan(BK20211258)+1 种基金Nanjing Tech University(39837102 and 39837140)SICAM Fellowship from Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials。