Affirmative Action的翻译问题

在我国学界,Affirmative Action的译文可谓五花八门。通过对其历史和意义的考查可以发现,"积极行动"是比较好的翻译。该术语的翻译问题表明,我国的术语规范工作任重而道远。

Protecting the Rights of Disabled Persons——From the Perspective of Protecting Their Right to Development with Affirmative Action as the Core

Establishing and protecting the right to development of disabled persons is not only the important part of Xi Jinping’s thought on human rights, but also a reflection of Marxism’s idea of human rights and a requirement of the rule of law in China. It is necessary to promote the protection of the right to development of disabled persons in terms of affirmative action. The Chinese government’s affirmative action requires structural characteristics, including providing the institutional basis for the affirmative action by constructing legal and non-legal institutions, providing an environment conducive for the affirmative action by shaping a more aware social ecology and providing valid guarantees for affirmative action by increasing the responsibility of local governments.

Cancer screening and management in the transgender population:Review of literature and special considerations for gender affirmation surgery

BACKGROUND Literature focused on cancer screening and management is lacking in the transgender population.AIM To action to increase contributions to the scientific literature that drives the creation of cancer screening and management protocols for transgender and gender nonconforming(TGNC)patients.METHODS We performed a systematic search of PubMed on January 5th,2022,with the following terms:“TGNC”,OR“transgender”,OR“gender non-conforming”,OR“gender nonbinary”AND“cancer screening”,AND“breast cancer”,AND“cervical cancer”,AND“uterine cancer”,AND“ovarian cancer”,AND“prostate cancer”,AND“testicular cancer”,AND“surveillance”,AND“follow-up”,AND“management”.70 unique publications were used.The findings are discussed under“Screening”and“Management”categories.RESULTS Screening:Current cancer screening recommendations default to cis-gender protocols.However,long-term genderaffirming hormone therapy and loss to follow-up from the gender-specific specialties contribute to a higher risk for cancer development and possible delayed detection.The only known screening guidelines made specifically for this population are from the American College of Radiology for breast cancer.Management:Prior to undergoing Gender Affirmation Surgery(GAS),discussion should address cancer screening and management in the organs remaining in situ.Cancer treatment in this population requires consideration for chemotherapy,radiation,surgery and/or reconstruction.Modification of hormone therapy is decided on a case-by-case basis.The use of prophylactic vs aesthetic techniques in surgery is still debated.CONCLUSION When assessing transgender individuals for GAS,a discussion on the future oncologic risk of the sex-specific organs remaining in situ is essential.Cancer management in this population requires a multidisciplinary approach while the care should be highly individualized with considerations to social,medical,surgical and gender affirming surgery related specifications.Special considerations have to be made during planning for GAS as surgery will alter the anatomy and may render the organ difficult to sample for screening purposes.A discussion with the patient regarding the oncologic risk of remaining organs is imperative prior to GAS.Other special considerations to screening such as the conscious or unconscious will to unassociated with their remaining organs is also a key point to address.We currently lack high quality studies pertinent to the cancer topic in the gender affirmation literature.Further research is required to ensure more comprehensive and individualized care for this population.

GC/Cl-MS-MS技术用于蔬菜中痕量甲胺磷、氧乐果和克百威的确认

近年来,甲胺磷、氧乐果、克百威等高毒药剂,因急性毒性问题,已被禁止在蔬菜和水果上使用[1].为确保人们的饮食安全,建立准确有效的残留分析方法势在必行.有机磷等农药在各种农作物样品中残留量很低,且样品中(如蔬菜、水果、茶叶等)的基质干扰较大,使得目标化合物易被基质掩盖.……

The Generous Ethic of Deleuze

This paper argues that the affirmative philosophy of Gilles Deleuze opens for a generous ethic. Such ethic passes on new or different possibilities of life. The paper briefly outlines the basic ideas in Deleuze thinking that can be understood as generous. Then it suggests how paying attention is a prerequisite for practicing a generous ethics, that is, mainly being aware of what, how and why something happens. Finally, it exemplifies how--referring to Christopher Nolan＇s film Inception---we may practice a generous ethic.

第23届NASPE年会热点问题

第23届NASPE年会于2002年5月8～11日在美国加利尼亚州圣地亚哥举行.会议的主要议题包括:(1)健康和科学的起搏和除颤方式;(2)几个临床试验最新结果的揭晓.

Arab Women in Israeli Politics： Aspirations for Fundamental Equality or Preservation of Gender Inequality？

This paper focuses on reviewing the factors that operate to reduce gender inequality in political representation among Arab women in Israel. A theoretical debate about the changes in the status of Arab women as they are reflected in political representation patterns is conducted in the context of the political reality in the last decade in Israel and the ＂Arab Spring＂ events. The paper also focuses on clarifying the significance of the changes in political representation patterns as future trends of reducing gender inequality, within the acknowledged social patterns, which do not subvert the gender order in Arab society in Israel or in the frame of fundamental social change.

Uyghur Turkic Women and Cultural Expectations： Moslem Society in Change

Profound cultural changes are transforming the Moslem world of Central Asia, partly as a response to dramatic events in the Middle East and partly to the great economic development in the region. These changes in the Moslem world especially affect the lives of women, since the cultural norms involving the protection of women are an important facet of Moslem life. The goal of this investigation is to show the importance of the ethnographic contribution to anthropological and sociological theory in investigating the new aspects of life in Central Asia. The first concept is the cultural identity of the Uyghur population of China. The second concept is that of Uyghur women, namely, the varied range of women from their role in a conservative, and patriarchal family structure to that of independent actors in a contemporary urban society. We understand that young Uyghur women face a more different set of choices than those of women in other Moslem cultures or in the rest of China. If they identify with their culture as Uyghur and Moslem, their culture restricts their opportunities as Chinese citizens. As students at Minorities University of China （MUC） in 13eijing, the relative freedom of Beijing influences them a great deal. Education and employment are the vehicles for integration into the larger Chinese group. Institutions, such as schools of ethnic studies, and the college competitive exam （the gaokao）, provide opportunities as well as obstacles for Uyghur women as part of the dynamic change in the Moslem world.

The Significance of Festivals is “In Tune with the World”——Interpretation from the Perspective of Western Cultural Theory

In the historical background of “festivalization of culture”,to clarify the meaning of festivals is a prerequisite for accomplishing the cultural value of festivals.By interpreting relevant western cultural theories,especially Pieper’s statements,this article argues that “in tune with the world” is the fundamental meaning of festivals.Considered as a result,“in tune with the world” means metaphysical needs are satisfied,and when taken as a prerequisite,“in tune with the world” should rely on totality strength.The enlightenment rationality breaks away from the field of metaphysics due to overemphasis on reflection,which results in the discontinuity of totality strength in the transition from old to new.This is the fundamental reason why some current festivals cannot realize their own values.Therefore,emphasizing a festival’s cultural connotation and exploring the possibility of re-endowing festivals with charm should be the top priority of research on festivals.

充血性心力衰竭和心房颤动:心律和心率控制

心力衰竭（HF）和心房颤动（Af）的患病率在美国高龄人群中明显上升，这两种病理情况均导致患病率和死亡率升高，而且一种病理的存在将导致另一种病理情况更易发生，尽管对这两种病理情况均分别进行了大量研究和报导，但两者共同存在时其预后目前尚不明确。近年发表的Af心律处理随访（AFFIRM）研究提示处理Af患者控制心率优于控制心律，但试验中仅26％患者射血分数（EF）〈50％，而具有HF病史者仅23％，因此AFFIRM试验不符合探讨HF患者的要求。

Analysis of the Pragmatic Functions of Double Negative

Double negative in English has three functions： to strengthen the affirmatives, and to affirm euphemism and to strengthen the negative meaning, which are analyzed in the present paper.

BD Affirm VP Ⅲ芯片检测在阴道炎病原体诊断中的效能

目的:观察BD Affirm VP Ⅲ芯片检测在阴道炎病原体诊断中的效能。方法:选取2018年3月至2019年3月该院收治的104例疑似阴道炎患者进行前瞻性研究。所有患者均取阴道分泌物,依次行BD Affirm VPⅢ芯片检测和常规镜检,以病原体培养诊断结果作为金标准,比较BD Affirm VPⅢ芯片检测与常规镜检在细菌性阴道炎、真菌性阴道炎、滴虫性阴道炎诊断中的效能。结果:金标准诊断结果显示,104例患者中45例病原体培养阳性,其中22例细菌性阴道炎,15例真菌性阴道炎,8例滴虫性阴道炎;59例病原体培养阴性。BD Affirm VPⅢ芯片检测诊断细菌性阴道炎的灵敏度、准确度均高于常规镜检,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);BD Affirm VPⅢ芯片检测诊断真菌性阴道炎的灵敏度、准确度均高于常规镜检,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);BD Affirm VPⅢ芯片检测诊断滴虫性阴道炎的灵敏度、特异度、准确度与常规镜检比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:BD Affirm VPⅢ芯片检测诊断细菌性阴道炎和真菌性阴道炎的效能高于常规镜检诊断。

AFFIRM试验

本专辑接续上期内容,继续对心律失常的基础研究与临床治疗等相关内容进行介绍。载文11篇,选译自《内科》杂志2004年第94卷第4期“不整脈診”专辑,由大连医科大学附属第一医院内科医师翻译,柯若仪教授审校。

芬美意公司的AFFIRM~技术

当进食时,食物会释放出挥发性的气味分子,然后通过呼吸进入嗅觉器官。嗅觉器官位于鼻子的上方及眼睛的后面。我们嘴里感觉到的触觉和味觉是和嗅觉信号紧密相关的,我们通常把这三种感觉同时存在时的感受称作味道。其中嗅觉是能使我们鉴别食物感觉的最重要的一种,这也是我们在鼻子塞住后很难鉴别食物味道的原因(比如感冒时)。

Trope, Reason, and Affirmation in Nietzsche＇s and Novalis＇ Theories of Language

This paper analyzes the role of six tropes （metonymy, synecdoche, metaphor, analogy, allegory, and irony） in Nietzsche＇s and Novalis＇ writings on language and cognition, using the comparison to show how a negative element in Nietzsche＇s attitude towards the tropic nature of cognition underlies well-known problems in his response to nihilism. These problems include ambiguities in Nietzsche＇s attitude to truth, and the question of how well he can carry through his project of affirming the individual on the basis of a creative reinterpretation of experience. I maintain that Novalis understands language and cognition to be tropic in a similar way as Nietzsche does, and that these writers provide similar critiques of discursive reason on the basis of what they view as its stultifying rigidity and misleading claims to a ＂literal＂ form of objectivity. However, I argue that Novalis avoids Nietzsche＇s difficulties by maintaining that a creative element in cognition does not rule out a variant of a correspondence notion of truth. Although Novalis＇ account thus falls foul of Nietzsche＇s goal of providing an immanent affirmation of human experience, the comparison shows that a Nietzschean attempt to provide a convincing model of individual self-affirmation should integrate a more positive role for trope, which can support a satisfying conception of the value of human creativity.