基于多尺度融合金字塔焦点网络的接触网零部件检测

作为高铁牵引供电系统的重要组成部分,接触网系统承担着向动车组传输电能的重要功能.实际工程运营表明,受弓网交互产生的持续冲击以及外部环境的影响,接触网支撑部件可能会出现“松、脱、断、裂”等缺陷,导致接触网结构可靠性下降,严重影响接触网系统稳定运行.因此,及时精确定位接触网支撑部件(CSCs),对保障高铁安全运行和完善接触网检修维护策略具有重大意义.然而,CSCs的检测通常面临着零部件种类多、尺度差异大、部分零部件微小的问题.针对以上问题,本文提出一种基于多尺度融合金字塔焦点网络的接触网零部件检测算法,将平衡模块和特征金字塔模块相结合,提高对小目标的检测性能.首先,设计了可分离残差金字塔聚合模块(SRPAM),用于优化模型多尺度特征提取能力、扩大感受野,缓解CSCs检测的多尺度问题;其次,设计了一种基于平衡特征金字塔的路径聚合网络(PA-BFPN),用于提升跨层特征融合效率和小目标检测性能.最后,通过对比试验、可视化实验和消融实验证明了所提方法的有效性和优越性.其中,所提的MFPFCOS在CSCs数据集上的检测精度(mAP)能够在达到48.6%的同时,实现30的FLOPs(Floating point operations per second),表明所提方法能够在检测精度和检测速度之间保持良好的平衡.

Preliminary Study on Spatial Distribution Pattern of Endoclyta signifer Walker Larva

[ Objective ] The paper was to study the spatial distribution of Endoclyta signifer Walker Larva. [ Method] The larvae distribution in eucalyptus planta- tion in Beiliu and Luchuan counties of Guangxi province were investigated. Ten standard plots were set, and the spatial distribution pattern of E. signifer larva was confirmed using six different aggregation indexes and regression model analysis method. [ Result] The larvae mainly distributed in the base of tnmk lower than 1 m, and its spatial distribution pattern was mainly aggregated distribution, which was caused by the enviromnental factors. The optimum sampling formula of E. signifer larva under different population densities was n = t2 （ 1.1/m ＋ 0. 674 4）/D2, and limited sequential sampling decision model was T＇0（n）, T＇0（n） = n ＋ 1. 332√n（ m0 = 1 ）. [ Conclusion] The result provided scientific basis for sampling and forecasting of E. signifier.

Navigating the pathways:TAR-DNA-binding-protein-43 aggregation,axonal transport,and local synthesis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathology

Neurons are highly polarized cells with axons reaching over a meter long in adult humans.To survive and maintain their proper function,neurons depend on specific mechanisms that regulate spatiotemporal signaling and metabolic events,which need to be carried out at the right place,time,and intensity.Such mechanisms include axonal transport,local synthesis,and liquid-liquid phase separations.Alterations and malfunctions in these processes are correlated to neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS).

Design and redesign journey of a drug for transthyretin amyloidosis

The misfolding and subsequent aggregation of proteins into amyloid fibrils underlie the onset of a variety of human disorders collectively known as amyloidosis.Transthyretin(TTR)is one of the>30 amyloidogenic proteins identified to date and is associated with a group of highly debilitating and life-threatening disorders called TTR amyloidosis(ATTR).ATTR comprises senile systemic amyloidosis,which is linked to wild-type(WT)TTR aggregation,and hereditary ATTR,a dominantly inherited disorder caused by the deposition of one of over 130 TTR genetic variants.Senile systemic amyloidosis is a prevalent age-related amyloidosis,affecting up to 25%of the population over 80 years of age,and is characterized by the build-up of TTR fibrils in the myocardium.Regarding hereditary ATTR,the clinical presentation is highly heterogeneous,primarily affecting the peripheral nervous system(familial amyloid polyneuropathy-FAP)or the heart(familial amyloid cardiomyopathy).In rare cases,aggregation develops in the central nervous system,giving rise to a phenotype known as familial leptomeningeal amyloidosis(Carroll et al.,2022).

Role of glutathione transferase in phase separation of FUS and TAF15 in neurons

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord,leading to muscle weakness,paralysis,and ultimately death(Cleveland and Rothstein,2001).Frontotemporal lobar degeneration(FTLD)is a neurodegenerative disease affecting the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain,leading to changes in behavior,personality,and language(Van Langenhove et al.,2012).Both ALS and FTLD are classified as proteinopathies in which abnormal protein aggregation and accumulation in neurons contribute to the disease pathogenesis.Fused in sarcoma(FUS)is a DNA/RNA-binding protein involved in various cellular processes,including transcriptional regulation,RNA splicing,and DNA repair.Mutations in the FUS gene have been linked to familial ALS,highlighting the importance of FUS in the disease pathogenesis(Vance et al.,2009).In ALS and FTLD,aberrant post-translational modifications(PTMs)of FUS,such as phosphorylation,acetylation,and methylation,have been implicated in the promotion of FUS aggregation and neurotoxicity(Choi et al.,2023).Therefore,understanding the regulatory mechanisms of FUS PTMs is crucial for developing targeted therapies against these diseases.

聚集诱导发光纳米探针在前列腺癌光热诊疗中的应用

背景:基于“分子内运动受限”这一机制构筑的新型聚集诱导发光荧光探针可用于疾病标志物的检测、肿瘤诊断、细菌成像识别等多个方面。目的:构建基于聚集诱导发光的近红外二区纳米探针FA-DSPE-PEG-AIE@NPs,探讨其用于前列腺癌靶向近红外二区荧光成像及光热治疗的潜能。方法:以卵磷脂、聚乙二醇磷脂、叶酸-聚乙二醇磷脂、聚集诱导发光分子2TT-oC26B为原料,采用纳米沉淀法合成叶酸靶向纳米探针FA-DSPE-PEG-AIE@NPs,对其进行基本表征。选取PC3人前列腺癌细胞、人脐静脉内皮细胞为实验对象,检测纳米探针FA-DSPE-PEG-AIE@NPs的细胞毒性与光照毒性;选取PC3人前列腺癌细胞为实验对象,采用流式细胞术和钙黄绿素/碘化丙啶染色法检测该纳米探针的光热治疗效果。选取BALB/C裸鼠腹部皮下注射PC3人前列腺癌细胞建立肿瘤模型,尾静脉注射纳米探针FA-DSPE-PEG-AIE@NPs后立即对小鼠进行近红外二区荧光成像,12 h后激光照射肿瘤5 min,14 d内观察光热治疗效果。结果与结论:①纳米探针FA-DSPE-PEG-AIE@NPs呈球形,平均粒径(171.0±0.3)nm,具有广谱光吸收能力和延伸至近红外二区的尾部发射,在激光辐照下可发出明亮的近红外二区荧光信号;②纳米探针FA-DSPE-PEG-AIE@NPs的细胞毒性低、光毒性高;流式细胞术及钙黄绿素/碘化丙啶染色法显示,纳米探针FA-DSPE-PEG-AIE@NPs对PC3人前列腺癌细胞具有明显的光热杀伤效果;③纳米探针FA-DSPE-PEG-AIE@NPs成功实现了对活体小鼠血管的近红外二区荧光成像,并确认了在肿瘤部位的最大富集时间为12 h,估算后肢腿部及腹部单根血管的血管宽度分别为0.63 mm和0.42 mm,治疗后14 d小鼠肿瘤体积明显减小;④结果表明,纳米探针FA-DSPE-PEG-AIE@NPs能有效实现前列腺癌的近红外二区荧光成像及光热治疗,有望为前列腺癌的早期诊断及联合治疗提供新手段。

Small heat shock protein B8:from cell functions to its involvement in diseases and potential therapeutic applications

Heat shock protein family B(small)member 8(HSPB8)is a 22 kDa ubiquitously expressed protein belonging to the family of small heat shock proteins.HSPB8 is involved in various cellular mechanisms mainly related to proteotoxic stress response and in other processes such as inflammation,cell division,and migration.HSPB8 binds misfolded clients to prevent their aggregation by assisting protein refolding or degradation through chaperone-assisted selective autophagy.In line with this function,the pro-degradative activity of HSPB8 has been found protective in several neurodegenerative and neuromuscular diseases characterized by protein misfolding and aggregation.In cancer,HSPB8 has a dual role being capable of exerting either a pro-or an anti-tumoral activity depending on the pathways and factors expressed by the model of cancer under investigation.Moreover,HSPB8 exerts a protective function in different diseases by modulating the inflammatory response,which characterizes not only neurodegenerative diseases,but also other chronic or acute conditions affecting the nervous system,such as multiple sclerosis and intracerebellar hemorrhage.Of note,HSPB8 modulation may represent a therapeutic approach in other neurological conditions that develop as a secondary consequence of other diseases.This is the case of cognitive impairment related to diabetes mellitus,in which HSPB8 exerts a protective activity by assuring mitochondrial homeostasis.This review aims to summarize the diverse and multiple functions of HSPB8 in different pathological conditions,focusing on the beneficial effects of its modulation.Drug-based and alternative therapeutic approaches targeting HSPB8 and its regulated pathways will be discussed,emphasizing how new strategies for cell and tissue-specific delivery represent an avenue to advance in disease treatments.

采用骨料架构-固化技术对开挖淤泥加固试验研究

为了对淤泥和建筑垃圾进行处置,实现二者的共同资源化利用,在室内和现场分别对淤泥进行固化试验。将建筑垃圾作为骨料按淤泥质量比的15%添加到淤泥中,再向淤泥中加入淤泥固化剂,通过机械搅拌的方式将淤泥与建筑垃圾、固化剂混合均匀,然后对固化土进行养护。室内试验结果表明,当固化剂掺量为8%时,固化淤泥土强度较高,养护28 d后,室内无侧限抗压强度可达320 kPa;在现场试验中,静力触探试验和平板荷载试验表明,固化剂对淤泥的固化效果明显。将低剂量固化剂添加到淤泥中,固化淤泥土强度较低,骨料的架构作用不明显;当固化剂掺量为8%时,固化土的强度较高,骨料的架构作用有利于提升固化淤泥土的承载力,土体的承载力特征值可达325kPa,架构作用对固化淤泥土强度的提升率为71.05%,可实现淤泥和建筑垃圾的同步资源化利用。

Medical Diagnosis Based on Multi-Attribute Group Decision-Making Using Extension Fuzzy Sets,Aggregation Operators and Basic Uncertainty Information Granule

Accurate medical diagnosis,which involves identifying diseases based on patient symptoms,is often hindered by uncertainties in data interpretation and retrieval.Advanced fuzzy set theories have emerged as effective tools to address these challenges.In this paper,new mathematical approaches for handling uncertainty in medical diagnosis are introduced using q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets(q-ROFS)and interval-valued q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets(IVq-ROFS).Three aggregation operators are proposed in our methodologies:the q-ROF weighted averaging(q-ROFWA),the q-ROF weighted geometric(q-ROFWG),and the q-ROF weighted neutrality averaging(qROFWNA),which enhance decision-making under uncertainty.These operators are paired with ranking methods such as the similarity measure,score function,and inverse score function to improve the accuracy of disease identification.Additionally,the impact of varying q-rung values is explored through a sensitivity analysis,extending the analysis beyond the typical maximum value of 3.The Basic Uncertain Information(BUI)method is employed to simulate expert opinions,and aggregation operators are used to combine these opinions in a group decisionmaking context.Our results provide a comprehensive comparison of methodologies,highlighting their strengths and limitations in diagnosing diseases based on uncertain patient data.

Present status and future directions:Apexification

The success rate of apexification is primarily determined by multiple factors,including the material used,the size of the open apex compared to the length of the root,and the technique used in each case.The main objective of this review was to provide an update on the present management of open apex to identify factors and circumstances that may influence the success of apexification using different materials and techniques.Future research on apexification should focus on how to treat open apices with wide periapical lesions without surgery.Previously,the predictability of these parameters with non-surgical procedures was uncertain,but now,with the use of a dental operating microscope,it has become more predictable.Another reason could be that extra visits are no longer required due to major advances in the armamentarium and materials used for apexification.

Effects of Fertilization Patterns on Chemical Forms of Nitrogen in Dark Brown Soil and Its Distribution in Different Aggregates

[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the effects of tradition-al fertilization and formula fertilization by soil testing on the chemical forms of nitro-gen in dark brown soil and its distribution in different aggregates. [Method] A physi-co-chemistry method was adopted in a comparative study on the chemical forms of nitrogen and their distribution in different-sized aggregates of dark brown soil under traditional fertilization and formula fertilization by soil testing respectively. [Result] Compared with traditional fertilization in spring and autumn, the formula fertilization by soil testing averagely decreased, the total nitrogen in soil by 23.2% in spring and by 20% in autumn in the soil layer of 0-20 cm, by 48.8% in the layer of 20-40 cm. Ammonium nitrogen was so sensitive to the methods of fertilization that the content of ammonium nitrogen was reduced much more under formula fertitization by soil testing in autumn than under traditional fertilization. Nitrogen in soil under traditional fertilization pattern was mainly distributed in the aggregates of 0-0.25 and 0.5-1 mm, while in formula fertilization by soil testing it was mainly distributed in the aggregates of 0.25-0.5 and 0-0.25 mm. [Conclusion] The study proved that for-mula fertilization by soil testing helped to reduce the risk of nitrogen pol ution and had huge effects on the chemical forms and distribution of nitrogen in different ag-gregates in dark brown soil.

替罗非班在急性脑梗死静脉溶栓后患者中的应用进展

急性脑梗死(ACI)静脉溶栓治疗后需继续接受抗血小板治疗,以预防梗死复发和其他心脑血管事件。替罗非班是较常用的抗血小板药物,在ACI患者中的应用愈加广泛,具有抗血小板聚集、抗炎等作用,能够减少血栓栓塞事件,且未增加出血风险。现阶段替罗非班在ACI静脉溶栓治疗后的应用已较为成熟,联合双抗血小板(DAPT)、肝素等药物均具有安全有效的优势,且低剂量的替罗非班安全性更高。以替罗非班为主的综合抗栓方案或可成为ACI静脉溶栓治疗后患者的优先选择。

Effects of Long-Term Fertilization on the Distribution of Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Water-Stable Aggregates in Paddy Soil

We investigated the size distribution of water-stable aggregates and the soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus concentration over aggregate size fractions based on a long-term （1990-2006） fertilization experiment in a reddish paddy soil. The results showed that the largest water-stable aggregate （WSA） （〉5 mm） and the smallest WSA （〈0.25 mm） took up the first largest proportion （38.3%） and the second largest proportion （23.3%）, respectively. Application of organic materials increased the proportion of the large WSA （〉2 mm） and decreased the proportion of the small WSA （〈1 ram）, resulting in an increase in the mean weight diameter of WSA, whereas application of chemical fertilizer had little effect. Application of organic materials, especially combined with chemical fertilizers, increased total carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in all sizes of WSA, and total carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus were prone to concentrate in the large WSA. Further more, application of organic materials improved the supply effectiveness of available phosphorus, whereas had little influence on the labile carbon in WSA. Application of chemical fertilizers improved concentrations of total and available phosphorus in all sizes of WSA, whereas had little influence on total carbon and nitrogen contents. Economical fertilization model maintained the soil fertility when compared with full dose of chemical fertilizers, indicating that using organic materials could reduce chemical fertilizers by about one third.

Effects of Long-Term Winter Planted Green Manure on Distribution and Storage of Organic Carbon and Nitrogen in Water-Stable Aggregates of Reddish Paddy Soil Under a Double-Rice Cropping System

In agricultural systems, maintenance of soil organic matter has long been recognized as a strategy to reduce soil degradation. Manure amendments and green manures are management practices that can increase some nutrient contents and improve soil aggregation. We investigated the effects of 28 yr of winter planted green manure on soil aggregate-size distribution and aggregateassociated carbon（C） and nitrogen（N）. The study was a randomized completed block design with three replicates. The treatments included rice-rice-fallow, rice-rice-rape, rice-rice-Chinese milk vetch and rice-rice-ryegrass. The experiment was established in 1982 on a silty light clayey paddy soil derived from Quaternary red clay（classified as Fe-Accumuli-Stagnic Anthrosols） with continuous early and late rice. In 2009, soil samples were collected（0-15 cm depth） from the field treatment plots and separated into water-stable aggregates of different sizes（i.e., 〉5, 2-5, 1-2, 0.5-1, 0.25-0.5 and 〈0.25 mm） by wet sieving. The long-term winter planted green manure significantly increased total C and N, and the formation of the 2-5-mm water-stable aggregate fraction. Compared with rice-rice-rape, rice-rice-Chinese milk vetch and rice-rice-ryegrass, the rice-rice-fallow significantly reduced 2-5-mm water-stable aggregates, with a significant redistribution of aggregates into micro-aggregates. Long-term winter planted green manure obviously improved C/N ratio and macro-aggregate-associated C and N. The highest contribution to soil fertility was from macro-aggregates of 2-5 mm in most cases.

Organic carbon stratification and size distribution of three typical paddy soils from Taihu Lake region,China

Developing realistic soil carbon （C） sequestration strategies for China＇s sustainable agriculture relies on accurate estimates of the amount, retention and turnover rates of C stored in paddy soils. Available C estimates to date are predominantly for the tilled and flood-irrigated surface topsoil （ca. 30 cm）. Such estimates cannot be used to extrapolate to soil depths of 100 cm since soil organic carbon （SOC） generally shows a sharp decrease with depth. In this research, composite soil samples were collected at several depths to 100 cm from three representative paddy soils in the Taihu Lake region, China. Soil organic carbon distribution in the profiles and in aggregate-size fractions was determined. Results showed that while SOC decreased exponentially with depth to 100 cm, a substantial proportion of the total SOC （30%-40%） is stored below the 30 cm depth. In the carbon-enriched paddy topsoils, SOC was found to accumulate preferentially in the 2-0.25 and 0.25-0.02 mm aggregate size fractions. δ^13C analysis of the coarse micro-aggregate fraction showed that the high degree of C stratification in the paddy topsoil was in agreement with the occurrence of lighter δ^1313C in the upper 30 cm depth. These results suggest that SOC stratification within profiles varies with different pedogenetical types of paddy soils with regards to clay and iron oxyhydrates distributions. Sand-sized fractions of aggregates in paddy soil systems may play a very important role in carbon sequestration and turnover, dissimilar to other studied agricultural systems.

Compressive Strength, Pore Size Distribution and Chloride-ion Penetration of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Incorporating Class-F Fly Ash

The effects of fly ash on the compressive strength, pore size distribution and chloride-ion penetration of recycled aggregate concrete were investigated. Two series of concrete mb：tures were prepared. The concrete mixtures in series I had a water-to-binder ratio and a cement content of 0.55 and 410 kg/ m^3 , respectively. The concrete rnixtures in series II had a water-to-binder ratio and a cement content of 0.45 and 400 kg/ ml respectively. Recycled aggregate was ased as 20% , 50% , and 100% replacements of natural coarse aggregate in the concrete mixtures in both series. In cutdition, fly ash was used as 0% , 25% and 35% by weight replacements of cement. The results show that the compressive strengths of the concrete decreased as the recycled aggregate and the fly ash contents increased. The total porosity and average porosity diameter of the concrete increased us the recycled aggregate content increased. Furtherrruore , an increase in the recycled aggregate content decreased the resistance to chloride ion penetration. Nevertheless, the replacement of cement by 25% fly ush improved the resistance to chloride ion penetration and pore diameters and reduced the total porosity of the recycled aggregate concrete.

一种针对SAR图像的舰船目标检测算法

由于环境复杂、舰船目标散焦和尺度的多样性,基于SAR图像的舰船目标检测仍然存在一些问题。提出了一种针对SAR图像的舰船目标检测算法。首先,基于可变形卷积构建舰船目标特征细化模块,提高对大长宽比姿态的舰船目标的特征提取能力;其次,在主干网络末尾引入了舰船空间金字塔聚合结构,增强对舰船目标的全局特征提取能力;最后,设计了尺度扩展特征金字塔网络,增强舰船浅层和深层特征信息的交互,提高对多尺度舰船目标的检测能力。实验结果表明,所提算法在HRSID数据集上的mAP达到了93.72%,F1分数达到了89.70%,优于所有比较算法,具有良好的检测效果。

用于水下图像增强的多层级联融合增强网络

为了提高水下无人潜航器决策的准确性,构建了一种用于增强水下图像的多层级联融合增强网络。首先,设计注意力引导的色彩增强模块并结合多层级联增强架构,在提取图像多尺度特征的同时,加强特征重用;其次,设计全局调整模块,将Swin Transformer与扩张卷积相结合,提升网络对于退化图像整体增强效果;最后,将各模块提取到的特征信息经由三重特征聚合模块进行融合增强,得到增强水下图像。为了可以更好地训练模型,构造了联合损失函数。与其他水下图像增强方法的对比实验结果表明,所提方法对于水下图像存在的色偏、模糊等问题均有着良好的增强效果,并对后续特征提取任务的完成有着较大的促进作用。

钢纤维增强碱矿渣再生骨料混凝土的力学性能

碱矿渣再生混凝土是以碱激发胶凝材料替代水泥、再生骨料取代天然石子制备而成的新型混凝土,能有效降低波特兰水泥用量,提高废弃混凝土利用率,但尚未见对其力学性能的相关研究。为研究碱矿渣再生混凝土的基本力学性能,以钢纤维取代率和再生骨料取代率为主要试验参数,进行抗压试验、劈裂抗拉试验和抗折试验。研究结果表明:随着再生粗骨料取代率的增加,碱矿渣再生混凝土的抗压强度f_(cu)、劈裂抗拉强度f_(t)和抗折强度f_(w)均降低,再生粗骨料取代率为100%时的降低幅度分别为30%、10%、15%;碱矿渣再生混凝土抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度随钢纤维体积取代率增加先提高后降低,钢纤维体积取代率为0.6%时,抗压强度和抗折强度达到最大值;碱矿渣再生混凝土抗折强度随钢纤维体积取代率增加而增加。

眼前节研究的融合与统一

著名生物学家爱德华·威尔逊(Edward O Wilson)在其名作《一致性:知识的统一》(Consilience:The Unity of Knowledge)中提出跨学科整合与协调的必要性。他将融合定义为“知识的‘跳跃式结合',即通过事实的相互关联……创造出一个共同的解释基础。”文章的假设是,与基础生物医学研究需要来源于最新技术的数据几乎一样,整合现有知识同样极其重要。这涉及到解决相互矛盾的发现、减少“信息孤岛”、以及承认复杂的必要性。我们以角膜和晶状体作为我们假设的案例研究。具体来说,在这种视角下,我们讨论蛋白质聚集、氧化损伤和纤维化方面相互矛盾和碎片化的信息。这些研究领域与眼前节研究紧密相关。我们的目的是强调威尔逊的知识融合统一的迫切需要,从而增强严谨性和可重复性,最重要的是,促进对知识的深入理解,而不只是知道。