Neonatal Exposure to the Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitors Diprotin A and Sitagliptin Induces Depression-Like Behavior, Anxiety, and Latent Aggression in Adolescent and Adult Rats

Emotional and motivational disorders in adults are often considered to be the result of altered neurodevelopment. Clinical and experimental data provide evidence that serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV, EC 3.4.14.5) is involved in the pathophysiology of psycho-emotional disorders. Recently, we have shown that adolescent and adult rats exhibit an increase in anxiety and depression-related behaviors after neonatal administration of a synthetic non-competitive inhibitor of DPP-IV, methionyl-2(S)-cyano-pyrrolidine. In the present study, we tested the effects of two competitive, selective DPP-IV inhibitors, sitagliptin (4 mg/kg) and diprotin A (2 mg/kg), administered at postnatal days 5 - 18 on the emotional and motivational behavior of adolescent and adult rats. We observed increased anxiety in one-month-old diprotin A- or sitagliptin-treated rats in the elevated plus maze;diprotin A also enhanced the animals’ anxiety score using a ranked scale for evaluating anxiety and phobias. In the sucrose consumption and preference test, depressive-like behavior was pronounced in both the diprotin A- and sitagliptin-treated one-month-old animals, while only the diprotin A-treated rats exhibited a decrease in sucrose consumption at the age of 2 months. The diprotin A-treated rats also demonstrated behavioral despair and decreased activity in the forced swimming test within 1 - 3 months of age. Increased aggression was observed in 1 - 3-month-old diprotin A-treated rats and in two-month-old sitagliptin-treated rats. These findings support the hypothesis that DPP-IV is involved in the genesis of emotional and motivational disorders. Additionally, the results show that diprotin А impairs the adolescent and adult rats’ behavior more significantly than sitagliptin when the animals were treated with the DPP-IV inhibitors in the early postnatal period.

交通替代攻击问卷的修订与信效度检验

目的 修订交通替代攻击问卷并检验其在我国驾驶员群体中的信效度.方法 采用交通替代攻击问卷对317 名驾驶员进行施测,共获得 305 份有效问卷.通过分析后得到修订版的中国交通替代攻击问卷.结果 修订后的交通替代攻击问卷共保留 24 个题目,累积方差贡献率 56.278%;该问卷的模型拟合度较好(GFI =0.870,IFI =0.920,TLI =0.911,NFI =0.860,CFI =0.919,RMSEA =0.062,χ2/df =2.148,SRMR = 0.045).问卷总的内部一致性系数为0.894,问卷各维度的内部一致性系数在0.677~0.936.问卷各维度与总分的相关系数在0.588~0.845 之间,且相关显著.问卷各维度与亲社会和攻击性驾驶行为量表之间部分相关显著,说明修订后的问卷具有良好的相容效度.结论 修订后的交通替代攻击问卷信度和效度较好,可以作为测量我国驾驶员交通替代攻击的一个可靠而有效的工具.

基于无监督聚类分析的激进换道行为识别方法

为有效指导驾驶人采取更安全的换道行为,本文提出基于改进的自组织映射神经网络(SOM-Kmeans)聚类分析的激进换道行为识别方法。通过模拟驾驶设备和眼动仪获取驾驶数据和眼动状态,运用变点检测算法结合方向盘转角和横向注视位置从多模态数据集中提取换道行为事件数据,进而提取驾驶人换道行为关键特征参数,运用SOM-Kmeans聚类分析识别激进换道行为。将SOM-Kmeans聚类方法分别与基于密度的聚类算法(DBSCAN)及模糊C均值聚类算法(FCM)比较,分析激进换道行为的识别效果。研究结果表明:SOM-Kmeans能够将激进换道行为划分为紧急换道和挤车换道两种类型,并建立相应的行为指标和阈值,当换道过程中加速度波动大于8.22 m·s^(-3)且方向盘转角大于0.83 (°)·s^(-1),识别此次换道为激进换道行为;在激进换道行为的基础上,当换道间隙小于7.5 m且换道持续时间大于10.3 s时,识别此次换道为挤车换道,否则,为紧急换道行为。挤车换道行为多出现在拥堵较严重的强制换道中,紧急换道行为多出现在交通流环境较好的自由换道中。本文提出的识别方法的准确率为92.5%,与传统聚类分析相比,本文提出的激进换道行为识别方法能够更加细致地识别激进换道行为的种类,研究结果可作为评估驾驶人是否存在危险换道行为和衡量驾驶人换道习惯的参考标准,同时,该两次聚类结果可作为激进型换道行为的参考标准。

快速路激进驾驶行为影响因素分析

以导航系统所采集的交通运行状态数据、驾驶行为数据为基础,结合网络资源和实际调研获取道路条件、天气情况和以指路标志为代表的交通设备数据,构建激进驾驶行为致因分析数据库,并应用结构方程模型深入挖掘快速路上驾驶人激进驾驶行为致因.结果表明,道路拥堵情况、天气条件、道路合流数、分流数、车道数、出口间距、预告次数、桥型标复杂度均能对激进驾驶行为发生频率造成显著影响,其中道路拥堵情况的影响程度最大,其次是指路标志和道路条件,天气条件的影响最小.为改善快速路激进驾驶频发的问题,首先需要鼓励错峰出行,缓解拥堵;道路设计过程中,根据实际情况考虑减少分流数、合流数、车道数,并适当扩大出口间距,避免在短距离内形成多个交织区;交通控制设施设计时,可尽量降低桥型标复杂度并减少预告标志,有助于驾驶人更好的理解信息;最后可充分利用导航系统的提示功能,根据不同天气条件针对性设计提示内容.研究基于导航数据分析激进驾驶行为影响因素的挖掘,进而实现了快速路的道路安全风险辨识,为改善交通安全、优化道路设计奠定了基础.

Investigating the trip configured causal effect of distracted driving on aggressive driving behavior for e-hailing taxi drivers

Risky driving behavior of taxi drivers typically evaluated for full operation or sometimes sorted into occupied and empty running trips.In this paper,we simultaneously analyze aggressive driving and distracted driving of taxi drivers under three different trip categories.Trip origin is considered a transition from without ride-order to with ride-order travelling or from with ride-order to occupied travelling,and a destination as a transition from occupied to without ride-order travelling and vice versa.Distracted driving is characterized by driver interference,driver mobile use and some entertainment aspects,while specific harmful and risky actions are considered for aggressive driving.High-resolution and real-time kinematic parameters of taxis were recorded by the in-vehicle recorder VBOX for overall 562 trips.The distracted driving parameters and aggressive driving actions were monitored through python data collector web application that was specially programmed for this particular research.Besides dual dash cam(i.e.,front and inside car camera),drivers’ whole day driving history from their Chinese ride-hailing Di Di smart application was used to differentiate occupied trips,unoccupied trips with ride-order and unoccupied trips without ride-order.Structural equation modeling(SEM) is practiced in this paper to understand the influence of distracted driving indicators on aggressive driving behaviors.The multi-group model analysis of SEM indicated that handling distracted risky driving could control aggressive driving behavior up to 96% and 98% inunoccupied without ride-order trips and unoccupied trips with ride-order respectively.The model has also identified the sensitive risky driving indicators for each group separately.

Violence at work and its relationship with burnout, depression and anxiety in healthcare professionals of the emergency services

The aim of this study was to examine the possible relationship between physical and psychological aggression suffered in the workplace and professional burnout, depression and anxiety suffered by healthcare professionals of the emergency services. Methods: 315 physicians, nurses, orderlies and ambulance drivers of Critical Care and Emergency Devices (CCED) in the Andalusian Public Health System, in the province of Granada (Spain) participated. They were interviewed about the exposure to violence at work and answered a battery of questions that measured burnout, depression and anxiety. Results: Physical aggression was significantly related to emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment at work, depression and anxiety. Psychological aggression was associated with personal accomplishment. Logistic regression showed that the CCED professionals who have suffered physical aggression were 4.2 and 2.6 times more likely to have suffered anxiety and reduced personal accomplishment, respectively, than those who did not suffer physical aggression. On the other hand, feelings of anxiety and reduced personal accomplishment increase the professionals’ risk (3.4 and 2.1 times more likely, respectively) of suffering from physical aggression. Conclusion: The results suggest that exposure to violence is related to the other psychological problems tested: emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment (two components of burnout), depression and anxiety. In addition, physical violence is a risk factor for anxiety and diminished personal accomplishment of the CCED professionals.

Hyperactivity and Abnormal Exploratory Activity Developing in CD-1 Male Mice under Chronic Experience of Aggression and Social Defeats

Chronic social defeat stress induces diverse effects in mice of different strains and even in animals of the same strain. This paper aims to study the effect of repeated social defeats and, for contrast, repeated aggression in daily agonistic interactions on the behaviors of CD-1 male mice. The behavior of animals that have the same winning and losing track record during 3, 10, 21 days is studied in different tests. The level of aggressiveness, as estimated by the number and total time of attacks, decreases;nevertheless, direct and indirect forms of aggression demonstrated by the aggressive mice (winners) remain significantly high. The number of stereotypic behaviors (rotations and jumps) and total time of digging behaviors are significantly increased in the winners after 21 days compared to 3 and 10 days of intermale confrontations. Among the losers, chronic experience of social defeats is accompanied by the development of pronounced anxiety and a depression-like state estimated by the elevated plus-maze and the Porsolt test scores, respectively. Both groups of male mice with alternative social behaviors demonstrate abnormal locomotor and exploratory behaviors in the open-field test. This phenomenon may be viewed as hyperactivity developed under chronic agonistic interactions and specific for the outbred CD-1 mice. We believe that these animals may be potentially used for modeling the key symptoms of bipolar disorder.

Does Exposure to Noise Lead to Decreased Regulatory Abilities, and Increased Aggression?

Recent advances in the study of affective-cognitive regulation of aggressive behavior suggest positive correlations between poor executive capacities (ECF) and negative reactivity. If the global assumption is correct what are the likely implications of predicted relation? The central issue in present research is to verify this assumption and examine how situational characteristics can alter executive performance in adults experiencing Civil War (Syrians students living in their country or in a host country) and adults experiencing peaceful life (French students) to explore some of the consequences of those modifications for aggressive and anxious tendencies. Precisely, we expect the positive correlations between poor executive performances and high dispositional as well situational aggressive and anxious tendencies, specifically for adults exposed to warfare. In order to assess executive capacities and dispositional as well as situational aggressive and anxious tendencies, during one pilot and two comparative studies [pilot study: N = 60 female French students;first comparative study: N = 60 French and N = 60 Syrian students of both sexes (50%);second comparative study: N = 60 Syrian students of both sexes (50%) living in France] right-handed French/Arabic-speakers participants complete twice, before and after completion executive tasks (standard neuropsychological tests) under different experimental conditions (Aversive/Neutral condition), a series of aggression and anxiety questionnaires. The results provide evidence of a dispositional relationship between poor executive functioning and negative reactivity, and extend it to situational level. For all participants, it shows that increases in impulsiveness (negative emotionality and aggressive choices) due to an aversive noise (80 db) are concomitant with an inability to focus individuals’ attention on ongoing tasks, specifically in those living directly or indirectly stressful life-event.

儿童期不良经历与大学生攻击行为:成人依恋和自我控制的多重中介作用

目的:探究成人依恋和自我控制在儿童期不良经历与大学生攻击行为之间的中介作用。方法:采用儿童期不良经历问卷、成人依恋量表、自我控制量表和攻击行为量表对590名大学生进行问卷调查,运用SPSS 22.0和PROCESS宏程序验证链式中介效应模型。结果:①儿童期不良经历、依恋焦虑、依恋回避与攻击行为呈显著正相关(r=0.256,0.425,0.279;P<0.001),自我控制与攻击行为呈显著负相关(r=-0.557,P<0.001);②依恋焦虑和自我控制在儿童期不良经历与攻击行为之间的链式中介作用显著[Effect=0.050,SE=0.012,95%CI(0.031~0.080)],依恋回避和自我控制在儿童期不良经历与攻击行为之间的链式中介作用也显著[Effect=0.008,SE=0.005,95%CI(0.001~0.021)]。结论:儿童期不良经历可以直接影响大学生攻击行为,也可以通过成人依恋和自我控制间接影响其攻击行为。

大学生拒绝敏感性对攻击行为的影响:有调节的中介模型

目的:考察拒绝敏感性对攻击行为的影响及作用机制,为减少大学生攻击行为的研究提供参考依据。方法:采用拒绝敏感性问卷(RSQ)、Liebowitz社交焦虑量表(LSAS)和Buss-Perry攻击行为问卷(BPAQ)对1472名大学生其进行问卷调查。结果:①拒绝敏感性与社交焦虑、社交回避呈显著正相关(r=0.161,0.239;P<0.01),与攻击行为呈显著正相关(r=0.238,P<0.01);攻击行为与社交焦虑、社交回避呈显著正相关(r=0.492,0.592;P<0.01);社交焦虑与社交回避呈显著正相关(r=0.774,P<0.01);②社交焦虑在拒绝敏感性与攻击行为之间起部分中介作用,效应值为0.051,占总效用的56.67%;③社交回避可以调节中介效应的后半段(β=0.016,t=11.276,P<0.01)。即随着社交回避水平的提升,社交焦虑对攻击行为的预测作用呈逐渐升高的趋势;但社交回避与拒绝敏感性的交互项对攻击行为的预测作用不显著(P>0.05)。结论:社交焦虑在拒绝敏感性与攻击行为中起部分中介作用;社交回避调节中介路径中社交焦虑和攻击行为之间的关系;有效降低大学生的拒绝敏感性和社交焦虑,可以预防和减少大学生的攻击行为。

安全态度与攻击倾向对驾驶员事故倾向性的预测作用

目的 探讨安全态度与攻击倾向对驾驶员事故倾向性的预测作用,构建驾驶员事故倾向性预测模型。方法 选取54名大连地区驾驶员为研究对象,采用驾驶员安全态度量表、驾驶员攻击性行为问卷、攻击性的内隐联想测验等,分析与被试驾驶事故次数关联性。结果 内隐攻击与外显攻击两个变量能够共同预测驾驶员的事故倾向;娱乐寻求态度正向预测言语攻击行为(β=0.452,t=3.432,P <0.01),正向预测驾驶事故(β=0.346,t=2.663,P <0.05);中介模型表明言语攻击在娱乐寻求态度与驾驶事故中起完全中介作用(β=0.305,t=2.193,P <0.05)。结论 内隐攻击测验结合外显攻击测验可以增加对驾驶事故的预测解释率;驾驶员的娱乐寻求态度通过言语攻击的中介作用影响驾驶员的事故率。

年轻新手驾驶员的人格特质对攻击性驾驶行为的影响研究

目的研究不同人格特质的年轻新手驾驶员在城市道路上的攻击性驾驶行为。方法对40名年轻新手驾驶员进行问卷调查与驾驶模拟试验研究。首先采用大五人格量表简化版(NEO-FFI)确立被试的人格特质,其次在驾驶模拟试验中提取直行、环岛、掉头路段下的相关指标,采用熵权-TOPSIS法对被试存在的攻击性驾驶行为加权评分,最后采用相关分析方法研究人格特质对攻击性驾驶行为的影响规律。结果责任心、神经质、宜人性与直行道路不当超车、变道等行为正相关;开放性与直行、掉头道路不开转向灯危险行为正相关。结论人格特质与年轻新手驾驶员的攻击性驾驶行为存在相关关系,干预驾校培训可加强其安全驾驶行为。

综合医院急诊科就诊患者精神行为异常现状调查

目的了解综合医院急诊科就诊患者精神行为异常情况,为制订干预对策提供参考。方法基于急诊临床信息系统软件设置急诊就诊患者精神行为异常评估模块,对10522例急诊科就诊患者进行评估;使用修订版外显攻击行为量表、汉密尔顿抑郁量表、汉密尔顿焦虑量表对患者的行为表现、心理精神状态进行再评估确认筛查结果。结果共筛查108例精神行为异常患者,占1.03%,男女比例为1∶1.12;患者就诊时间段集中于10:01~16:00和20:01~2:00。42例(38.89%)仅表现为异常心理精神状态,66例(61.11%)合并多种精神行为异常表现;男性暴力攻击行为发生率显著高于女性,女性、近期与周围人群产生矛盾者自杀/自伤发生率显著增高(均P<0.05),不同年龄及不同急诊分期患者自杀/自伤发生率差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论急诊科就诊患者精神行为异常表现多样,护理人员在接诊过程中应及时鉴别与处置,确保医护患安全。

父母冲突与大学生攻击行为——焦虑和敌意归因偏向的中介作用

采用攻击量表、词句联想范式敌意量表、焦虑自评量表和感知父母冲突量表对434名大学生进行调查,探讨焦虑和敌意归因偏向在父母冲突与大学生攻击行为之间的中介作用。研究表明:父母冲突、焦虑、敌意归因偏向和攻击行为四个变量之间均两两显著相关;父母冲突不仅可以直接预测大学生的攻击行为,还可以通过焦虑和敌意归因偏向间接影响攻击行为的发生,中介效应量为0.31;焦虑和敌意归因偏向在父母冲突与攻击行为之间起部分中介作用。

激进驾驶状态识别算法研究

为识别和量化激进驾驶这一极易导致交通事故的驾驶状态,建立了激进驾驶状态识别算法。首先根据驾驶的操作特点提出驾驶状态-驾驶行为-驾驶模式3层结构并建立其数学描述。然后基于Stevens幂定律提出驾驶模式激进程度的量化指标——激进指数,并在此基础上建立了激进驾驶状态识别算法以区分不同驾驶状态的激进程度。最后通过不同驾驶状态的实车实验样本完成算法参数确定和算法验证,结果显示该算法能有效识别激进驾驶状态。

幼儿社会能力与行为评定简表的国内应用研究

目的:检验幼儿社会能力和行为评定简表(SCBE-30)在国内被试中的信效度,调查我国城市学龄前儿童的社会能力和行为发展状况。方法:随机选取苏州市6所幼儿园的571名小班儿童及其母亲进行问卷调查,采用因素分析、差异检验等方法对数据进行统计处理。结果:因素分析表明社会能力和行为简表包括社会能力、愤怒攻击和焦虑退缩3个因子;各因子的内部一致性信度在0.66～0.81之间,和Achenbach儿童行为量表各因子间相关显著。调查显示,国内小班幼儿的社会能力和行为发展的年龄差异不显著,但不同年龄段幼儿社会能力和行为的性别差异显著。结论:幼儿社会能力与行为评定简表在中国被试中的各项测量指标均符合测量学的要求,可以作为评定中国文化背景下幼儿社会能力和行为的有效工具。小班幼儿的社会能力和行为发展存在显著的性别差异。

抑郁症患者攻击行为与应对方式、焦虑、抑郁的关系

目的探讨抑郁症患者攻击行为与应对方式、焦虑、抑郁的关系。方法运用攻击性问卷、特质应对方式问卷、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)等,对2010年9月至2011年10月于重庆医科大学附属第一医院精神科门诊就诊及住院部住院的首发和复发抑郁症患者80例(抑郁症组)及来自本院职工和经广告招募而得的正常对照组80例(于2010年10月至2011年11月收集)进行对比分析,并进行Spearman相关分析和回归分析研究抑郁症患者攻击行为与应对方式、焦虑、抑郁的关系。结果①抑郁症组愤怒、敌意、面向自我攻击的各因子分及攻击总分显著高于正常对照组(P<0.01)。②相关分析显示抑郁症组身体攻击、言语攻击、面向自我的攻击、愤怒、敌意和攻击总分均与消极应对方式呈显著正相关(r值为0.37~0.60,P<0.01);而面向自我的攻击、敌意和攻击总分与积极应对方式呈显著负相关(r值为-0.38^-0.29,P<0.05);言语攻击、愤怒、攻击总分与HAMA、HAMD得分均呈显著正相关(r值为0.29~0.45,P<0.05,P<0.01)。③身体攻击、敌意、面向自我的攻击分别能被消极应对方式解释各占14.5%、32.9%、35.2%;言语攻击能被消极应对方式和抑郁得分解释占21.9%;愤怒、攻击总分分别能被消极应对方式和焦虑得分解释占39.2%、45.3%。结论抑郁症患者存在明显攻击行为,且消极应对方式对其发生可能有重要预测和促发作用。

攻击性驾驶行为量表中文译本的效度和信度

目的 检验攻击性驾驶行为系列测试量表中文译本的效度和信度。方法 对 3 5 3名不同车型的汽车驾驶员开展攻击性驾驶行为调查 ,进行了重测信度、同质性信度检验和判别效度、预测效度、效标效度检验。结果 各测试量表的重测信度为 0 .84～0 .93 ;Cronbachalpha系数为 0 .76～ 0 .92。效度检验表明 ,此量表能够区分不同性格类型的驾驶者 ;量表得分与事故经历有显著相关 ;并与siegel’s多维愤怒量表得分显著相关。结论 攻击性驾驶行为系列量表 (中文译本 )有较好的信度和效度。