Residual Levels and New Inputs of Chlorinated POPs in Agricultural Soils from Taihu Lake Region

Selected persistent organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), including 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) and its principal metabolites 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)e- thane (DDD), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and its isomers (α-,β-, γ-, and δ-HCH), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), endo- sulfan, dieldrin, and endrin were quantified to determine current levels of organochlorine pesticides, to assess the eco- toxicological potential, and to distin…

Agricultural intensity for sustainable regional development:A case study in peri-urban areas of Karawang Regency,Indonesia

Peri-urban areas are playing an increasingly crucial role in the agricultural development and intensification in Indonesia.Peri-urban agriculture is highly vulnerable to change compared with urban and rural agriculture,due to its location in transitional areas.Indicators of peri-urban agricultural intensity can help guide regional development.In this study,we assessed the sustainability of peri-urban areas based on agricultural intensity in Karawang Regency,Indonesia.We developed a village-based index to assess the region’s agricultural intensity by rescaling the village agriculture index(VAI)and combining the local sustainability index(LSI)with factor analysis.Since the unit of analysis is the village,we modified the LSI to the village sustainability index(VSI).In addition,we also developed a logical matrix analysis to determine the level of agricultural sustainability(LoAS)of each village.The combined results of the three indices(VAI,VSI,and LoAS)generated information about agricultural sustainability.The results indicated that peri-urban villages with high agricultural intensity tended to exhibit low levels of social welfare,economic development,and disaster risk.Moreover,high agricultural intensity did not necessarily ensure the prosperity of the people.Instead,there was the economic disparity among the villages in the study area.Encouraging diversity of agricultural intensity seems to be more critical than promoting agricultural intensity itself.Overall,this study highlights the distinctive characteristics and dynamic of peri-urban areas.New approaches,variables,and information regarding the combination of agricultural intensity and sustainability need to be developed as valuable tools for regional planning.

Comprehensive Evaluation on the Level of Agricultural Economic Development in Hubei Province Based on Principal Component Analysis

[Objectives]Hubei Province has a superior geographical location,and is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,with pleasant climate and abundant natural resources.It is an important province of population,agriculture and resources in China.[Methods]Based on the data of Statistical Yearbook of Hubei 2018,the agricultural economic indicators of the cities and prefectures in Hubei Province were analyzed with principal component analysis method by using SPSS19.0.[Results]The comprehensive scores and rankings of the agricultural economic development level of the 17 cities and prefectures in Hubei Province were obtained.They were divided into four agricultural development levels.[Conclusions]According to the analysis results,corresponding policy recommendations were put forward to promote the development of agricultural economy in Hubei Province.

Economic Valuation of Sea Level Rise Impacts on Agricultural Sector: Damietta Governorate, Egypt

The Nile Delta is considered to be one of the most vulnerable river deltas to Sea Level Rise (SLR) in the world. SLR is expected to affect large agricultural areas of the Nile Delta, either through inundation or higher levels and salinity of groundwater. It could be argued that such impacts would augment the problems experienced already in the area in terms of high groundwater table and salinity levels. In order to guide policy and decision making, especially in terms of assessing the economics of various adaptation options, there is a need to provide estimates of potential economic damage that could result from such changes. The paper in hand aims to estimate the economic value of potential primary impacts of higher levels of groundwater table due to expected SLR on agriculture productivity in Damietta Governorate as one of the Nile Delta coastal governorates. To conduct such an assessment, relationship between groundwater table level and agricultural productivity was first investigated in relevant literature. This was followed by reviewing prevailing conditions in the agricultural sector in the study area. Thereafter, a regression analysis for the main crops in the study area, between crop yield and groundwater table levels, was conducted. Based on the developed regression, a GIS (Geographic Information System)-based hydrological model, and a production economic model, were employed to assess economic value of higher levels of groundwater table impacts on agriculture productivity. It was found that future accumulative crop yield loss was estimated, using segmented linear regression, up to the year 2100 to be as much as L.E. 6.43 billion. It is worth mentioning that these estimates do not include indirect impacts of higher levels of groundwater table, which may include loss of jobs and/or earnings, impacts on food supply and food security in the area. A potential adaptation option, namely redesigning and upgrading existing drainage infrastructure, was found to cost a total of L.E. 190.8 million, representing about 4.5% of the estimated accumulative potential damage to agricultural productivity up to the year 2100.

Evaluation of Modern Agricultural Development Level in Huaibei Area of Anhui Province

Based on the data of modern agricultural development level in Huaibei area,this paper made a comprehensive evaluation on the modern agricultural development of 6 cities in Huaibei area by Analytic Hierarchy Process( AHP). It analyzed the development trend and difference in the level of agricultural input,the level of agricultural output,the level of rural social development and the level of agricultural ecological security. The study shows that the overall level of modern agricultural development in Huaibei area is rising in the past 6 years,with the highest increase in Suzhou City,followed by Huainan City and Huaibei City,and the other cities ranking in the middle. In view of the problems in the process of modern agricultural development in Huaibei area,it came up with recommendations,including strengthening the land consolidation,transfer of agricultural population,improving the rural education and controlling the agricultural pollution.

Application of Security Index in Evaluation of Agricultural Insurance Security Level

At present,there is still no unified standard for evaluation of agricultural insurance security level,especially in the quantitative evaluation. In order to explore a scientific and reasonable evaluation method for agricultural insurance security level,this paper analyzed the current situation of evaluation methods of social insurance,endowment insurance and medical insurance,as well as the application of security index. It is expected to provide a certain reference for evaluation of agricultural insurance security level by the agricultural insurance security index.

Theoretical and Empirical Analysis on Influence Factors of Modern Agricultural Equipment Level in the Processof Agricultural Sustainable Development

To promote modem agricultural equipment level is one characteristic of constructing and developing modem agriculture in China. This paper makes up stepwise linear regression analysis model of influence factors of modem agricultural equipment level, and chooses rural labor, per capita income of rural residents, rural investment, proportion of people at secondary education level and at higher level in per hundred rural labor force and arable land area as independent variables, and total power of machine as induced variable. The major results show that the relativity of modem ag- ricultural equipment level, rural investment and education level of peasants is remarkable, and they are the major influence factors of modem agricultural equipment level. Raising investment level of rural infrastructure construction as well as and research and devel- opment and promotion of advanced and applicable modem agricultural equipment, improving quality and education level of peasants can accelerate the development of China＇s modern agricultural equipment effectively in the process of agricultural sustainable development.

Interactive Effect and Spatial Characteristics of Agricultural Development Level and Transport Superiority Degree in Main Grain-producing Areas of the Central Jilin Province,China

To investigate the spatial synergy between agricultural development level and transport superiority degree in grain-producing areas of the central Jilin Province and the driving mechanism between them,22 counties in the central Jilin Province were used as the research units to calculate agricultural development level and transport superiority degree using the entropy weighting method,weighted travel time and raster cost distance.The spatial econometric model was used to analyze the mechanism of the mutual influence between the two.The main conclusions are as follows.1)Agricultural development level around Changchun,the provincial capital city,and in the areas of Changchun-Jilin and Changchun-Gongzhuling is high,whereas the development level of the counties in the southwest is low.2)Transport superiority degree of each county has improved,the overall connectivity of the road networks has been optimized,and the level of transportation accessibility has shown the development trend of‘centralization’,exhibiting the characteristics of proximity diffusion.3)Locally,there is spatial heterogeneity in the mutual driving effects of the two,with six main patterns.4)The theoretical conditions of von Thunen’s agricultural location have changed under the conditions of market economy due to the improvement of the transport networks,the new model of agricultural development,and the changes of the market system.

Regional Agricultural Input-Output Model and Countermeasure for Production and Income Increase of Farmers in Southern Xinjiang,China

Agricultural input and output status in southern Xinjiang,China is introduced,such as lack of agricultural input,low level of agricultural modernization,excessive fertilizer use,serious damage of environment,shortage of water resources,tremendous pressure on ecological balance,insignificant economic and social benefits of agricultural production in southern Xinjiang,agriculture remaining a weak industry,agricultural economy as the economic subject of southern Xinjiang,and backward economic development of southern Xinjiang.Taking the Aksu area as an example,according to the input and output data in the years 2002-2007,input-output model about regional agriculture of the southern Xinjiang is established by principal component analysis.DPS software is used in the process of solving the model.Then,Eviews software is adopted to revise and test the model in order to analyze and evaluate the economic significance of the results obtained,and to make additional explanations of the relevant model.Since the agricultural economic output is seriously restricted in southern Xinjiang at present,the following countermeasures are put forward,such as adjusting the structure of agricultural land,improving the utilization ratio of land,increasing agricultural input,realizing agricultural modernization,rationally utilizing water resources,maintaining eco-environmental balance,enhancing the awareness of agricultural insurance,minimizing the risk and loss,taking the road of industrialization of characteristic agricultural products,and realizing the transfer of surplus labor force.

Analysis on Investment Behavior of Agricultural Sector in China

In the process of industrialization, China has been a big agricultural country, and the agricultural sector＇s economic activities have been playing important role in economic growth. This paper established the investment behavior model of agricultural enterprises on the basis of Chinese practice. And then, the model presented the important factors impacting on investment, such as financing cost, wage, and policy factors, etc. Thirdly, this paper in particular used R-studio to estimate the impact of fmancing cost and policy factor on investment and capital accumulation of primary industry sector by gathering the data from 2003 to 2013. The results showed that the official interest rate of loans of financial institutions could be the proxy variable as the financing cost of agricultural enterprises, and the employment level of agricultural enterprises had negative impact on investment. Finally, this paper provided some explanations and suggestions on the basis of above results.

Marx's Agricultural Intensive Management Thought and Its Guiding Significance

Through analyzing Marx's agricultural intensive management thought,this paper points out that the existence and development of agricultural management mode experience historical course and the development of agricultural intensification depends on many objective conditions.On the basis of this,it discusses the guiding significance of Marx's agricultural intensive management thought to China's agricultural development.It is required to fully realize basic current situations of China's agriculture,widely popularize agricultural mechanization and electrification,speed up artificial transformation of soil structure,promote chemical application of agriculture,make rational use of water resource,and spread improved seeds.

Critical Soil Phosphorus Values for Yield Reduction in Intensive Agricultural Systems

Phosphorus(P)is an essential element for agricultural production.Over-fertilization during decades caused an accumulation of P in soils leading to eutrophication in regions characterized by intensive agriculture.These environmental concerns together with the non-renewability of P resources have led to a more sustainable P use.Knowledge about the P need of crops is essential for a sustainable agriculture thereby minimizing P losses to the environment without lowering the yield substantially.Therefore,in this study,critical soil P values for yield reduction(PCrit)were determined based on fertilizer trials conducted between 1970 and 1988 and more recent fertilizer trials(2016-2017).At rotational level a common PCrit value of 109 mg P/kg dry soil(in an ammonium lactate and acetate extract)was determined.Crop specific PCrit values were also determined for seven crops(potato,winter wheat,barley,rye,maize,sugar beet and temporary grassland).These critical values ranged from 59 mg P/kg dry soil to 164 mg P/kg dry soil with winter wheat the least and maize the most sensitive towards P deficiency.The diversity in PCrit values among crops can mainly be explained by the root intensity but also rooting depth,exudation of organic acids and phosphatases may influence the PCrit value.The soil pH also influenced the P availability significantly.Soils with a favorable pH had a significantly higher availability(i.e.,lower PCrit value)for all crops compared to soils with a suboptimal pH.Critical soil P values might help to set up new or to evaluate current soil P in target zones used for P fertilizer recommendations.

Regional Evaluation on Sustainable Development of Agriculture in Tibet Based on Cluster Analysis

To understand the spatial difference of agricultural sustainability in Tibet,this paper establishes a comprehensive evaluation model of agricultural sustainability to calculate the score of agricultural sustainability of 7 areas in 2013 in Tibet. By using cluster analysis,this paper conducts the regional evaluation of Tibet's agricultural sustainability. The results show that 7 cities' regional difference of agricultural sustainability was obvious in 2013,the agricultural sustainability index value was 0. 4232- 0. 6937,and the value was in the order of Nyingchi > Lhasa > Shannan > Ali > Shigatse > Qamdo > Nagqu. According to the agricultural sustainable development level,Tibet can be divided into three regions: the first type is the area with the highest level of sustainable development of agriculture,including Nyingchi and Lhasa; the second type is the area with the average level of sustainable development of agriculture,including Shigatse and Shannan; the third type is the area with the low level of sustainable development of agriculture,including Qamdo,Ali and Nagqu.

An Analysis of the Influence of Chinese Agriculture on National Economy and the Macroeconomic Effects

As a basic industry,agriculture has a far-reaching impact on national economy. Based on input-output tables of China in 2005 and2010,this paper gives a deep insight into the relationship between agriculture and national economy and its macroeconomic effects by the methods of input-output analysis,industrial correlation and macroeconomic effect analysis. The results show that the agricultural development is highly dependent on the national economy,but makes low contribution; agriculture contributes to promoting employment and improving the structure of national income distribution; despite the government's tax incentive,the agricultural equipments are updated slowly,and the corporate profits are at low level; agricultural export effect is far below the average industry level,but the import effect increases over the years,and final products are often used for domestic consumption. Finally,we set forth recommendations for improving the development of agriculture and national economy.

Input-Output Analysis of the Impact of Environmental Regulation on Chinese Industries

In this paper, we attempted to calculate the impact of environmental regulation on the international competitiveness of China＇s industries. Calculations are based on the input-output model that incorporates pollution control costs. We took enterprises ＇pollution control costs as the substitute variable for environmental regulation and price changes to measure the impact on international competitiveness for all sectors. Our studies reported three findings. First, price rises caused by pollution control costs were not more than 4 per cent in the manufacturing and trade sectors in 2007. Second, although the charging rate on pollutant discharge has become increasingly higher since 2003, the resultant price rise is only around O. 5 per cent across all sectors. Third, the impact brought about by increasingly stronger environmental regulation is limited and the resultant price rise does not exceed 2 per cent. Thesefindings indicate that the impact of environmental regulation on China＇s trade sectors is affordable. Therefore, it is needless to worry that environmental regulation will weaken the international competitiveness of Chinese products.

电子商务进农村综合示范政策对县域农业增长的影响研究

本文利用2000—2019年我国县域数据,采用多期DID等方法探讨了电子商务进农村综合示范政策对县域农业发展水平的影响。研究结果显示,电子商务进农村综合示范政策对县域农业经济发展水平提高具有显著的促进作用,且这种促进作用具有长期效应。这一结果在考虑实验组非随机分配、更换因变量和调整样本后仍然稳健。电子商务进农村综合示范政策主要通过农业产业集聚、农业金融服务改善两个途径对县域农业发展水平产生影响。异质性分析表明,电子商务进农村综合示范政策对粮食主产区、经济欠发达地区、地形平缓地区的农业发展水平的促进作用更强。因此,应重视农村电子商务发展对推进乡村全面振兴、促进共同富裕的重要作用,政府要在农村电子商务带头人培训、电子商务基础设施建设、农业产业集聚的产业空间布局规划等方面发挥作用,注重数字普惠金融与县域农业发展的融合,强化数字普惠金融的支持力度。

山东省农业绿色低碳转型评价及驱动因素分析

农业绿色低碳发展是实现农业现代化和经济高质量发展的重要途径,针对农业面源污染严重、农产品质量安全隐患凸显、农业碳排放增加等问题,山东省推动农业绿色低碳转型势在必行。本研究构建了山东省农业绿色低碳转型水平评价指标体系,采用熵权法对2011—2021年山东省农业绿色低碳转型水平进行测算,从整体、经济圈和地市3个层面分析了农业绿色低碳转型水平的时空分异情况,采用自然断点法对山东省进行分类分析,通过地理探测器揭示山东省及三大经济圈农业绿色低碳转型的关键驱动因素。研究发现:1)山东省农业绿色低碳转型的总体水平呈现稳步增长态势,年均增长率达2.310%。2)16个地市的农业绿色低碳转型水平均呈明显上升趋势,青岛、济南连续11年领跑,而临沂、潍坊、威海连续11年位居16个地市的尾部。3)省会经济圈的农业绿色低碳转型水平一直处于领先水平,其次为鲁南经济圈,胶东经济圈的水平则相对较低。4)财政支农政策、农业科技投入、农业产业结构调整是山东省农业绿色低碳转型的关键驱动因素。农业产业结构调整是省会经济圈最重要的驱动因素,城镇化水平是胶东经济圈最重要的驱动因素,政策扶持力度是鲁南经济圈最重要的驱动因素,且各因素交互产生的驱动作用程度高于单因素。基于此,山东省应以政策引领激发内生动力,强化头雁的示范带动作用,因地制宜地探索绿色低碳创新路径。

大语言模型赋能场景生成和双层优化的多农业园区供电-灌溉-蓄水耦合运行

传统农灌负荷的使用具有集中性和无序性,显著加剧电力系统的供需不平衡与运行成本。为提升农业园区运行的经济性和光伏资源的消纳能力,通过刻画农灌负荷特性,结合作物生长用能需求,提出一种基于大语言模型(largelanguagemodel,LLM)场景生成和双层优化的多农业园区优化调度模型。该模型利用LLM时序分析能力进行光伏短期发电功率预测,然后通过LLM知识推理能力构建农业用水知识图谱,知识图谱中丰富的语义关系辅助LLM推理和预测,生成更符合实际情况的农业供电-灌溉-蓄水场景。双层优化调度模型在生成场景基础上,以园区经济运行为优化目标,对多农业园区供电-灌溉-蓄水进行耦合优化调度。最后,通过仿真验证,本文所提出的方法显著提升了农业园区电力系统运行稳定性,并有效降低了系统运行成本。

中国农业绿色发展水平与农业科技创新能力耦合协调度及时空演变研究

绿色发展是生态文明建设的必然要求,而科技创新则是破解绿色发展难题的关键所在,为了实现农业高质量发展,提高农业绿色发展水平,本构建农业绿色发展水平与农业科技创新能力评价指标体系,运用熵值法测算农业绿色发展水平和农业科技创新能力综合水平,并通过耦合协调度模型对农业绿色发展水平和农业科技创新能力综合水平进行耦合协调度测算,并运用核密度估计法、标准差椭圆、空间马尔科夫链等方法,分析农业绿色发展水平与农业科技创新能力综合水平耦合协调度的时空演变特征。研究表明:中国农业绿色发展与科技创新的耦合协调水平持续提升,尽管地区间存在差异,但整体上各省份在农业绿色发展与科技创新的融合方面取得了积极进展。耦合协调度在空间分布上大体呈梯形分布,反映了经济发展水平、科技创新能力与农业绿色技术推广和应用之间紧密联系。同时,耦合协调度的空间状态转移具有较高的稳定性。因此要加大对农业绿色发展的科技支撑力度,着力突破农业科技成果转化难题,建立跨区域、跨部门的农业科技创新协同发展机制。

非洲大湖地区农业发展水平与粮食安全耦合关系及影响因素研究

以农业发展水平与粮食安全为基础,综合运用熵权法、耦合协调模型、灰色关联度模型,对非洲大湖地区2000年—2020年农业发展水平与粮食安全耦合关系及影响因素进行测度研究.结果发现:(1)农业发展水平与粮食安全水平时间关联显著,农业发展水平从2000年的0.214提升到2020年的0.304,粮食安全水平从2000年的0.219提升到2020年的0.269.(2)农业发展水平与粮食安全水平时空耦合关联以时间尺度为主,2000年的濒临失调(0.457)发展到2020年的勉强协调(0.514).(3)农业发展水平演替驱动了粮食安全水平演化,大湖地区农业发展中技术投入(0.813)对粮食安全的关联度最低,土地投入(0.928)对粮食安全的关联度最高.