Analysis on the Status of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in Xinan River Basin

Taking Xinan River basin as research object,the status of agricultural non-point source pollution was analyzed based on field survey,as well as the effect of fertilizer and pesticide leaching and runoff,livestock and poultry breeding and rural domestic pollution on non-point source TN and TP.At last,some technical countermeasures of controlling non-point source pollution were put forward according to the characteristics of agricultural non-point source pollution in Xinan River basin.

Validation of an agricultural non-point source(AGNPS)pollution model for a catchment in the Jiulong River watershed,China

This study tested and evaluated the agricultural non-point source （AGNPS） model for the Wuchuan catchment, a typical agricultural area in the Jiulong River watershed, Fujian Province, China. The AGNPS model was calibrated and validated for the study area with observed data on ten storms. The data on eight storms in 2002 were used for calibration while data on two storms were used for validation of the model. Considering the lack of water quality data over a long-term series, a novel method, comparing an internal nested catchment with its surrounding catchment, was used to supplement the less long-term series data. Dual calibration and validation of the AGNPS model was obtained by this comparison. The results indicate that the correlation coefficients were 0.99 and 0.98 for runoff, 0.94 and 0.95 for the peak runoff rate of the large catchment and the small catchment, respectively, and 0.76 for the sediment of the small catchment only. Each pair of correlation coefficients is homogeneous for the same event for the two catchments. With the exception of the sediment yield and particulate phosphorus, the peak runoff rate and other nutrients were well predicted. Sensitivity analysis showed that the Soil Conservation Service curve number and rainfall quantity were the most sensitive parameters, which resulted in high output variations. Erosivity and other parameters had little influence on the hydrological and quality outputs.

New Normal Control of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in the Dianchi Lake Basin

Based on Kunming statistical yearbook and field survey data of agricultural non-point source pollution in counties or districts in the Dianchi Lake basin,previous and current situation of agricultural production and agricultural non-point source pollution control in the Dianchi Lake basin were studied,and countermeasures and suggestions of comprehensive control of agricultural non-point source pollution in the basin were proposed.

Study on Control Countermeasures of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in Lakeside Belt of Poyang Lake——Taking Duchang Section in the Lower Reaches of Poyang Lake as Example

[Objective] The aim was to study the control countermeasures of agricultural non-point source pollution in lakeside belt of Poyang Lake.[Method] The current situation of water quality of Poyang Lake was analyzed firstly,then the causes of agricultural non-point source pollution in Duchang section of Poyang Lake were studied,finally corresponding control countermeasures were put forward.[Result] Agricultural non-point source pollution in Duchang section of Poyang Lake was mainly related to the rapid development of pearl industry and livestock industry,aggravated soil erosion and excessive utilization of fertilizer.Based on analysis of current environmental situation and bearing capability of resources in Poyang Lake basin,agricultural non-point source pollution would be controlled through the reduction of external source pollution load,restoration of river wetland and construction of aquatic ecosystem.After the primary implementation of agricultural non-point source pollution control project,the amount of agricultural non-point source pollution in demonstration plot was reduced,and the quality of effluent met the first Class (Class A) of state Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB18918-2002).Meanwhile,biodiversity index in river wetland increased by about 30%,so the pollution load entering Poyang Lake was decreased.[Conclusion] The study could provide technology integration and demonstration for the environmental remediation in lakeside belt of Poyang Lake.

Integrated Control of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution to Provide Safe and Healthy Drinking Water for Rural Areas

Agricultural non-point source pollution has become the main part of water pollution prevention and control in China. This paper made a brief introduction to the causes and hazards of agricultural non-point source pollution and the current situation of agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control in China. In view of the serious agricultural non-point source pollution in water environment of Guangxi and the difference in quality of drinking water between urban and rural areas,it came up with recommendations for strengthening agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control from scientific distribution,linked operation and maintenance,popular science education,and legal system construction,to guarantee safe and healthy drinking water in rural areas.

Effects of Rainfall Change on Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in Liangping County

[Objective] The study aimed to discuss the impact of rainfall change on agricultural non-point source pollution in Uangping County. E Method ] Based on daily precipitation data of Liangping from 1955 to 2011, changes of precipitation and frequency of heavy rain in Uangping during a year were analyzed firstly, and then the risk of surface runoff caused by rainfall to agricultural non-point source pollution was studied, finally chan- ging trends of annual average precipitation and frequency during 1955 -2011 were discussed using Mann-Kendal method. [ Result] Total precipitati- on of heavy rain in Liangping mainly concentrated from late May to early September, especially in eady and middle July as well as early September. Meanwhile, fertilizer and pesticide were applied to main crops in Liangping in the periods above, so agricultural non-point source pollution became more serious. In recent 57 years, annual average precipitation and frequency of heavy rain in Liangping showed an increasing trend respectively, and surface runoff rose with the increase of the precipitation, thereby probably enlarging agricultural pollution area. [ Conclusion] The research could provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the control of agricultural non-point source pollution.

Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in Drinking Water Conservation Area of the Hongfeng Lake in Guiyang City

On the basis of investigating rural population, land types, livestock and poultry breeding scale in drinking water conservation area of the Hongfeng Lake in Guiyang City, as well as the urban domestic pol utant discharge coefficient, livestock and poultry excretion coefficient, nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer loss rate in the first national pollution source survey, this paper tried to explore current situation of agricultural non-point source pollution, and provide scientific support for the pollution control. The results showed that in the drinking water conservation area of the Hongfeng lake in 2013, contribution rate of pollution sources to the water pollution in the Hongfeng Lake followed the sequence "livestock and poultry breeding > rural life > farmland fertilizer". Among all agricultural non-point source pollutants, livestock and poultry breeding pollutants were major pollution sources, with a contribution rate to CODCr, TP and NH3-N in water above 50%; rural domestic pollutants were also important pollution sources, its contribution rate to CODCr and NH3-N was 43.49% and 46.69%, respectively; contribution rate of farmland fertilizer pollutants to TN and TP was 33.76% and 27.71%, respectively, higher than that of rural domestic pollutants(25.87% and 6.75%). Therefore, the control of non-point source pollution within the drinking water conservation area should be enhanced, so as to control the pollution from the source.

Advances in History, Current Situation and Control of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in the Dianchi Lake Basin

Based on Kunming statistical yearbook and field survey data of agricultural non-point source pollution in counties or districts in the Dianchi Lake basin,advances in the history,current situation and control measures of agricultural non-point source pollution in the basin were summarized to provide theoretical and technical support for the thorough improvement of present situation of water pollution in the basin.

Evaluation of the Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in Chongqing Based on PSR Model

Through a series of exploration based on PSR framework model,for the purpose of building a suitable Chongqing agricultural nonpoint source pollution evaluation index system model framework,combined with the presence of Chongqing specific agro-environmental issues,we build a agricultural non-point source pollution assessment index system,and then study the agricultural system pressure,agro-environmental status and human response in total 3 major categories,develope an agricultural non-point source pollution evaluation index consisting of 3 criteria indicators and 19 indicators. As can be seen from the analysis,pressures and responses tend to increase and decrease linearly,state and complex have large fluctuations,and their fluctuations are similar mainly due to the elimination of pressures and impact,increasing the impact for agricultural non-point source pollution.

Farmers' Willingness to Pay( WTP ) for Reducing Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution: Based on the Empirical Analysis of 453 Farmers

With the rapid development of modern agriculture,agricultural non-point source pollution becomes increasingly serious in China,improving farmers' environmental protection consciousness plays a very important role in the reduction of agricultural non-point source pollution,and the WTP of Farmers for controlling agricultural non-point source pollution strongly reflects the strength of their environmental protection consciousness. Therefore,this investigation and study choose rural areas of five counties from Chongqing city and Zhejiang province as our sample,respectively make interview survey with the WTP(money or voluntary work) of farmers for improving local water and soil quality. Based on the statistical analysis of survey data,this study also takes empirical test and analysis with the influence factors on the WTP of farmers for reducing agricultural non-point source pollution. The analysis and conclusions of this research provides the supports in theory and practice for optimizing farmers' behavior,promoting the management of agricultural non-point source pollution and implementing new rural construction goal.

Impact of social capital on farmers' response to different policies for controlling agricultural non-point source pollution

Chinese society in rural areas is typically a geographically and genetically related society.Scattered farmers can be connected to form small groups through their social capital,which can affect farmers' agricultural activities in the process of controlling agricultural Non-point Source pollution.An ordered Logit model can be built to analyze the effects of social capital to farmers' responsive willingness to different measurements of controlling agricultural NPS pollution by using survey data in Shaanxi Province.This paper characterizes farmers' social capital in three dimensions:social trust,social participation and social network.The results indicated that farmers' social capital significantly affects farmers' response to different policies.When governments construct and implement policies to control agricultural NPS pollution,the effects of social capital need to be considered at same time with the effects of governmental supervision,market and education measurements.

Agricultural non-point nitrogen pollution control function of dierent vegetation types in riparian wetlands: A case study in the Yellow River wetland in China

Riparian wetland is the major transition zone of matter, energy and information transfer between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and has important functions of water purification and non-point pollution control. Using the field experiment method and an isotope tracing technique, the agricultural non-point nitrogen pollution control function of different vegetation types in riparian wetland was studied in the Kouma Section of the Yellow River. The results showed that the retention of agricultural non-point nitrogen pollution by riparian wetland soil occurs mainly in top 0-10 cm layer. The amount of nitrogen retained by surface soils associated with three types of vegetation are 0.045 mg/g for Phragmites communis Trin Linn, 0.036 mg/g for Scirpus triqueter Linn, and 0.032 mg/g for Typha angustifolia Linn, which account for 59.21%, 56.25%, and 56.14% of the total nitrogen interception, respectively. Exogenous nitrogen in 0-10 cm soil layer changes more quickly than in other layers. One month after adding KISNO3 to the tested vegetation, nitrogen content was 77.78% for P communis Trin, 68.75% for T. angustifolia, and 8.33% for S. triqueter in the surface soil. After three months, nitrogen content was 93.33% for P. communis Trin, 72.22% for S. triqueter, and 37.50% for T. Angustifolia. There are large differences among vegetation communities respecting to purification of agricultural non-point nitrogen pollution. The nitrogen uptake amount decreases in the sequence： new shoots ofP. communis Trin （9.731 nag/g） 〉 old P. communis Trin （4.939 mg/g） 〉 S. triqueter （0.620 mg/g） 〉 T. angustifolia （0.186 mg/g）. Observations indicated that the presence of riparian wetlands as buffers on and adjacent to stream banks could be recommended to control agricultural non-point pollution.

The Degree of Farmers' Cognition on Non-point Source Pollution:Based on the Statistical Analysis of 453 Farmers

With the rapid development of modern agriculture,agricultural non-point source pollution becomes increasingly serious in China,improving farmers' environmental protection consciousness plays a very important role in the reduction of agricultural non-point source pollution.Therefore,this investigation and study chooses rural areas of five counties from Chongqing city and Zhejiang province as our samples,our investigation and statistical analysis includes the following four aspects:farmers' cognition on non-point source pollution concept,farmers' cognition to rural environment satisfaction,farmers' cognition on non-point source pollution in agricultural production and farmers' cognition on the consequences of agricultural non-point source pollution and the effects on ecological environment.The analysis and conclusions of farmers' consciousness cognition on agricultural non-point source pollution,provides the supports in theory and practice for optimizing the behavior of farmers,promoting the management of agricultural non-point source pollution and implementing new rural construction goal.

Impact of nutrient losses from agricultural lands on nutrient stocks in Dianshan Lake in Shanghai, China

Abstract： The water quality of Dianshan Lake in Shanghai Municipality, China, is impacted by nutrient losses from agricultural lands around the lake. In this study, nine types of agricultural land use were monitored in 2010 and 2011, and a correlation analysis between nutrient losses from agricultural non-point sources （NPS） and nutrient stocks in the lake was conducted over monthly and seasonal time periods. The results indicate that the monthly average concentration of total nitrogen （TN） ranged from 1.41 to 7.34 mg/L in 2010 and from 1.52 to 5.90 mg/L in 2011, while the monthly average concentration of total phosphorous （TP） ranged from 0.11 to 0.26 mg/L in 2010 and from 0.13 to 0.30 mg/L in 2011. The annual loss of TN from agricultural NPS was 195.55 tons in 2010 and 208.40 tons in 2011. The cultivation of water oat made the largest contribution to the loss of TN. The annual loss of TP was 44.58 tons in 2010 and 48.12 tons in 2011, and multi-vegetable cultivation made the largest contribution to the loss of TP. The results of correlation analysis show that the monthly stocks of TN and TP in the lake have a positive correlation with the monthly losses of TN and TP from agricultural NPS. According to the seasonal data, the stocks of TN and TP in the lake both have a much stronger correlation with the losses of TN and TP from agricultural NPS in summer than in other seasons. Agricultural NPS pollution control should be the main focus for the water resource conservation in this area.

我国农业面源污染研究与展望

农业面源污染会带来一定的生态环境风险。经过20多年的治理,我国面源污染基础研究和防控工作取得重要进展,构建了流域、区域或国家尺度农业面源污染源汇路径全过程监测与评估体系,基本厘清了不同生态条件下农田系统中氮磷流失的主控因子,初步探明了农田有毒有害化学/生物污染与防控机制。在防控技术层面,研发出新型、绿色肥料替代常规化肥减量投入技术与产品,氮、磷高效利用污染负荷减排技术,土壤氮、磷增容负荷减排技术,坡耕地氮磷流失阻控技术,农业废弃物资源化利用技术与消纳装备。我国农业氮、磷排放污染负荷虽整体呈下降趋势,但依然是影响我国环境质量的首要污染因子,且农业面源污染呈现新的特征,表现为养殖业尤其是水产养殖业污染问题逐渐突出,残留地膜、农药、抗生素、激素、病原微生物等新型污染物污染问题不容忽视,面源污染途径从以径流扩散为主转向淋溶、挥发、累积并重的阶段,污染介质从单一地表水体转向包括地下水体、大气以及农田生态系统并存的状态。未来应以本领域我国取得科研成果和相关信息资源为基础,利用数字技术和AI技术,构建我国农业面源污染防控技术和管理融合大数据模型和系统理论,持续加强田块、流域、区域等多尺度面源污染防控技术集成配套与工程化应用研究,培育绿色低碳农业新质生产力产业,落实防控技术工程“政—产—学—研—用”保障机制与措施,以提升区域或流域尺度面源污染防控技术的环境、经济和社会综合效益,全面推进我国农业面源污染治理工作,促进农业高质量健康发展。

土壤磷素地表径流提取系数研究进展

土壤磷素地表径流提取系数(phosphorus extraction coefficient,ECp)是模拟表层土壤可溶性磷随地表径流迁移,估算农业磷非点源污染负荷模型中的一个重要参数。当前ECp的相关研究存在内涵模糊,确定方法各异,变异范围和影响机制也不够清晰等问题。本文梳理了国内外相关研究中ECp的提取方法、影响因素,为提高农业磷非点源污染评估的精度提供理论依据。ECp定义为地表径流溶解态磷(dissolved phosphorus,DP)浓度与表层土壤可溶性磷含量的比率。该系数通常基于降雨试验,通过建立地表径流DP和表层土壤磷含量的线性回归方程,用回归线的斜率表示ECp,因此其概念本质主要体现在统计学意义上。ECp受降雨、土壤、植被覆盖和农田管理措施等多种因素影响,变异范围较大。ECp通常与土壤黏粒含量、吸附性、植被覆盖度等因素呈反比,而与土壤初始含水量呈正比。非石灰性土壤ECp值一般大于石灰性土壤。为简化计算,ECp在NPS污染模型中通常被设为一个定值。例如,在化学物质、径流和土壤侵蚀(chemicals,runoff,and erosion from agriculture management,CREAMS)及农业非点源(agricultural nonpoint source,AGNPS)模型中,ECp值设为7.5,而在土壤侵蚀和作物生产力评价(erosion/productivity impact calculator,EPIC)和水土评估工具(soil and water assessment tools,SWAT)模型中,ECp值则设为5.7。因此,未来研究仍需重视ECp的物理内涵,精准测算多次降雨平均和动态ECp,阐明土壤磷素地表径流提取的动力机制;加强地表径流和表层土壤中可溶性磷素含量间的非线性关系的研究,提高ECp值确定方法的适用性;深入分析不同区域ECp的变异特征和影响因素,针对施肥频繁且易发生复杂强烈水力侵蚀的坡耕地,尤其需要提出ECp的校正值;用核定后或者监测获得的ECp统计值代替现有NPS污染模型中的常数,以提高土壤磷素流失负荷模拟精度。

湖南省化肥农药使用的时空分布特征研究

采用历年统计数据对湖南省化肥农药使用的时空分布特征及污染程度进行了评价研究。结果表明:2010-2021年,湖南省农作物单位面积化肥施用量均高于225 kg/hm^(2)警戒线,氮肥和复合肥是主要的施用种类,分别占化肥总施用量的32%~47%和25%~44%。2021年全省农药施用量9.11万t和施用强度36.45 kg/hm^(2)分别比2013年的12.43万t和49.63 kg/hm^(2)减少了26.71%和26.56%。从两个典型年来看,湖南省大部分区域的化肥农药施用强度较高,处于中度或重度污染区,且空间格局变化不大。湖南省化肥农药污染的时空分布特征及污染程度评价研究为农业面源污染综合防治提供参考和依据。

整建制全要素全链条农业面源污染综合防治的思考及实践

加强农业面源污染综合防治是加快推进中国农业发展全面绿色转型,实现乡村全面振兴的重要任务。近年来,在多方的共同努力下,中国生态环境改善取得了一定成效,但重点流域的农业面源污染问题仍然突出。该研究在分析中国农业面源污染现状的基础上,通过资料收集、现场调研、专家座谈等多种方式梳理和分析了农业面源污染综合防治在治理主体、投入要素、技术体系与产业链条方面的瓶颈,解析了整建制全要素全链条农业面源污染综合防治的内涵,阐述了国家农业绿色发展先行区浙江平湖在践行整建制全要素全链条农业面源污染综合防治方面的先进做法及应用效果。总结了典型案例在网格化健全污染综合防治“整建制”、特色化延伸综合防治“全链条”、以及全方位保障污染综合防治“全要素”三个方面开展的相关工作,以期为探索形成农业面源污染综合防治整体解决方案,示范带动农业发展全面绿色转型提供支撑。

基于流域模型与遥感解译方法的农业面源污染精细化源解析技术研究

农业面源污染源解析是面源污染防治的基础。农作物种植是农业面源污染源的重要组成,然而传统的面源污染源解析方法不能量化不同农作物对农业面源污染负荷的贡献,其解析精度也难以满足环境管理部门精细化管理的客观需求。本研究以天津于桥水库上游沙河流域为研究区,采用流域模型与遥感解译的方法,解析流域总磷负荷来源与贡献,旨在建立一种农业面源污染源精细化源解析技术。研究结果显示:基于Google Earth Engine(GEE)平台的农作物遥感总体分类精度在88%以上,Kappa系数均大于0.81,整体分类结果可信。沙河流域主要作物类型包括冬小麦-夏玉米、板栗、果树与其他作物,其中冬小麦-夏玉米的种植面积最大,占比为44%~67%,板栗种植面积次之,占比为11%~29%。冬小麦-夏玉米种植面积总体呈下降趋势,板栗种植面积则呈快速上升趋势。沙河流域Generalized Watershed Loading Function(GWLF)模型对溪流量与总磷负荷的模拟表现良好,其模型校准期与验证期的NSE在0.59以上,R^(2)在0.79以上。耕地为沙河流域最大的面源总磷负荷来源,占总磷负荷总量的61%;在耕地中,冬小麦-夏玉米总磷负荷占比最大(52%),板栗次之(20%);考虑到板栗种植面积近年来不断上升,未来沙河流域面源总磷负荷仍有升高的风险。

中国农业减污降碳协同效应及其影响机制研究

农业面源污染与农业碳排放是中国农业面临的重要环境问题。现有研究忽视了农业面源污染治理与农业碳减排之间的协同关系,未探索农业减污降碳协同效应及其影响机制,影响农业可持续发展。为此,本文借鉴现有成果,提出农业减污降碳协同效应概念,基于2007—2021年中国30省份面板数据,利用双固定效应回归模型、调节效应模型对农业减污降碳协同效应及其影响机制进行实证分析,并讨论地区异质性。结果表明:1)农业减污降碳协同效应存在,农业面源污染与农业碳排放存在显著的协同关系,当农业面源污染减少时农业碳排放也将显著减少,该结果进行稳健性检验和处置内生性后依然成立;2)农业化学物资消费结构对农业减污降碳协同效应产生显著负向调节作用,农业化学物资使用效率与农业种植结构产生显著正向调节作用,农业投资规模产生负向调节作用但不显著;3)北方地区农业减污降碳协同效应比南方地区更为显著,农业化学物资消费结构与农业化学物资使用效率对北方地区农业减污降碳协同效应产生显著负向调节作用,农业种植结构对北方地区和南方地区农业减污降碳协同效应产生显著正向调节作用。因此,农业降污减碳协同效应存在。