Through a series of exploration based on PSR framework model,for the purpose of building a suitable Chongqing agricultural nonpoint source pollution evaluation index system model framework,combined with the presence o...Through a series of exploration based on PSR framework model,for the purpose of building a suitable Chongqing agricultural nonpoint source pollution evaluation index system model framework,combined with the presence of Chongqing specific agro-environmental issues,we build a agricultural non-point source pollution assessment index system,and then study the agricultural system pressure,agro-environmental status and human response in total 3 major categories,develope an agricultural non-point source pollution evaluation index consisting of 3 criteria indicators and 19 indicators. As can be seen from the analysis,pressures and responses tend to increase and decrease linearly,state and complex have large fluctuations,and their fluctuations are similar mainly due to the elimination of pressures and impact,increasing the impact for agricultural non-point source pollution.展开更多
In this study,an inventory analysis approach was used to investigate the intensity of agricultural non-point source pollution(ANSP)and its spatial convergence at national and provincial levels in China from 1999 to 20...In this study,an inventory analysis approach was used to investigate the intensity of agricultural non-point source pollution(ANSP)and its spatial convergence at national and provincial levels in China from 1999 to 2017.On this basis,spatial factors affecting ANSP were explored by constructing a spatial econometric model.The results indicate that:1)The intensity of China's ANSP emission showed an overall upward trend and an obvious spatial difference,with the values being high in the eastern and central regions and relatively low in the western region.2)Significant spatial agglomeration was shown in China's ANSP intensity,and the agglomeration effect was increasing gradually.3)In the convergence analysis,a spatial lag model was found applicable for interpretation of the ANSP intensity,with the convergence rate being accelerated after considering the spatial factors but slower than that of regional economic growth.4)The spatial factors affecting the ANSP intensity are shown to be reduced by improving agricultural infrastructure investment,labor-force quality,and crop production ratio,while the expansion of agricultural economy scale and precipitation and runoff have positive impact on ANSP in the study region.However,agricultural research and development(R&D)investment showed no direct significant effect on the ANSP intensity.Meanwhile,improving the quality of the labor force would significantly reduce the ANSP intensity in the surrounding areas,while the precipitation and runoff would significantly increase the pollution of neighboring regions.This research has laid a theoretical basis for formulation and optimization of ANSP prevention strategies in China and related regions.展开更多
Chinese society in rural areas is typically a geographically and genetically related society.Scattered farmers can be connected to form small groups through their social capital,which can affect farmers' agricultu...Chinese society in rural areas is typically a geographically and genetically related society.Scattered farmers can be connected to form small groups through their social capital,which can affect farmers' agricultural activities in the process of controlling agricultural Non-point Source pollution.An ordered Logit model can be built to analyze the effects of social capital to farmers' responsive willingness to different measurements of controlling agricultural NPS pollution by using survey data in Shaanxi Province.This paper characterizes farmers' social capital in three dimensions:social trust,social participation and social network.The results indicated that farmers' social capital significantly affects farmers' response to different policies.When governments construct and implement policies to control agricultural NPS pollution,the effects of social capital need to be considered at same time with the effects of governmental supervision,market and education measurements.展开更多
Field irrigation and drainage regulation and fertilization application could affect water utilization and pollution transportation in a paddy field.In this study,representative rice-producing areas of Zhejiang Provinc...Field irrigation and drainage regulation and fertilization application could affect water utilization and pollution transportation in a paddy field.In this study,representative rice-producing areas of Zhejiang Province in southern China were selected to study the effects of different field water level control(conventional irrigation and drainage W0,controlled irrigation and drainage W1 and W2)and different fertilization methods(2 times of fertilization F2 and three times of fertilization F3)on water irrigation quantity and consumption of rice,rice growth,water utilization,and pollution reduction.Results showed that field water level control had a great effect on irrigation quota in growing period rather than that in soaking period,and irrigation quota for W0 was 37.0%-71.7%higher than that for W1 and W2 in the whole growth period of rice.Although the upper limit of rain storage was greatly increased by W1 and W2,on the contrary,the yield under W1 and W2 was 0.4%-2.1%higher than that under W0.Water consumption,water leakage,and evapotranspiration were 16.63%-34.4%,39.97%-60.8%,and 9.40%-31.53%lower under W1 and W2 than those under W0,respectively,while it showed no significant changes under W1 and W2.Rainfall use rate and WUEI(water use efficiency of irrigation)under W1 and W2 had been significantly improved by 8.20%-129.58%and 31.58%-201.61%compared to W0.The contribution of nitrogen and phosphorus loss from surface water accounted for 90%and the total pollution load of total nitrogen(TN),NO_(3)^(-)-N,NH_(4)^(+)-N and chemical oxygen demand(COD)were 20.0%-63.4%,21.8%-66.3%,21.5%-63.8%,and 21.4%-46.5%lower for W1 and W2 than that for W0,respectively.Meanwhile,compared to F2,dispersed fertilization(F3)was beneficial to increase the yield and decrease pollutant load.Additionally,the path of IRA→NH_(4)^(+)-N→COD and IRA→WCA→WUE_(I) presented partial remediation effect,and the effect size was 23.6%and 38.1%,respectively,the path of IRA→WUE_(I)→WUE_(ET) presented a full remediation effect,and the path of IRA→WCA→WUE_(ET) presented suppression effect.展开更多
基金Supported by Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Institutions of Higher Education(WEPKL2013MS-10)Chongqing Municipal Innovation Planning Project for University Students in 2013(201310643003)
文摘Through a series of exploration based on PSR framework model,for the purpose of building a suitable Chongqing agricultural nonpoint source pollution evaluation index system model framework,combined with the presence of Chongqing specific agro-environmental issues,we build a agricultural non-point source pollution assessment index system,and then study the agricultural system pressure,agro-environmental status and human response in total 3 major categories,develope an agricultural non-point source pollution evaluation index consisting of 3 criteria indicators and 19 indicators. As can be seen from the analysis,pressures and responses tend to increase and decrease linearly,state and complex have large fluctuations,and their fluctuations are similar mainly due to the elimination of pressures and impact,increasing the impact for agricultural non-point source pollution.
基金Under the auspices of Key Program of the National Social Science Fund of China(No.16ASH007)。
文摘In this study,an inventory analysis approach was used to investigate the intensity of agricultural non-point source pollution(ANSP)and its spatial convergence at national and provincial levels in China from 1999 to 2017.On this basis,spatial factors affecting ANSP were explored by constructing a spatial econometric model.The results indicate that:1)The intensity of China's ANSP emission showed an overall upward trend and an obvious spatial difference,with the values being high in the eastern and central regions and relatively low in the western region.2)Significant spatial agglomeration was shown in China's ANSP intensity,and the agglomeration effect was increasing gradually.3)In the convergence analysis,a spatial lag model was found applicable for interpretation of the ANSP intensity,with the convergence rate being accelerated after considering the spatial factors but slower than that of regional economic growth.4)The spatial factors affecting the ANSP intensity are shown to be reduced by improving agricultural infrastructure investment,labor-force quality,and crop production ratio,while the expansion of agricultural economy scale and precipitation and runoff have positive impact on ANSP in the study region.However,agricultural research and development(R&D)investment showed no direct significant effect on the ANSP intensity.Meanwhile,improving the quality of the labor force would significantly reduce the ANSP intensity in the surrounding areas,while the precipitation and runoff would significantly increase the pollution of neighboring regions.This research has laid a theoretical basis for formulation and optimization of ANSP prevention strategies in China and related regions.
基金supported by the National Social Sciences Foundation of China(14CJY046)Circular Economics Research Center of Sichuan Province(14SD0105)
文摘Chinese society in rural areas is typically a geographically and genetically related society.Scattered farmers can be connected to form small groups through their social capital,which can affect farmers' agricultural activities in the process of controlling agricultural Non-point Source pollution.An ordered Logit model can be built to analyze the effects of social capital to farmers' responsive willingness to different measurements of controlling agricultural NPS pollution by using survey data in Shaanxi Province.This paper characterizes farmers' social capital in three dimensions:social trust,social participation and social network.The results indicated that farmers' social capital significantly affects farmers' response to different policies.When governments construct and implement policies to control agricultural NPS pollution,the effects of social capital need to be considered at same time with the effects of governmental supervision,market and education measurements.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2019YFC0408803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52009044)the Basic Public Welfare Research Project of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.LGN20E090001).
文摘Field irrigation and drainage regulation and fertilization application could affect water utilization and pollution transportation in a paddy field.In this study,representative rice-producing areas of Zhejiang Province in southern China were selected to study the effects of different field water level control(conventional irrigation and drainage W0,controlled irrigation and drainage W1 and W2)and different fertilization methods(2 times of fertilization F2 and three times of fertilization F3)on water irrigation quantity and consumption of rice,rice growth,water utilization,and pollution reduction.Results showed that field water level control had a great effect on irrigation quota in growing period rather than that in soaking period,and irrigation quota for W0 was 37.0%-71.7%higher than that for W1 and W2 in the whole growth period of rice.Although the upper limit of rain storage was greatly increased by W1 and W2,on the contrary,the yield under W1 and W2 was 0.4%-2.1%higher than that under W0.Water consumption,water leakage,and evapotranspiration were 16.63%-34.4%,39.97%-60.8%,and 9.40%-31.53%lower under W1 and W2 than those under W0,respectively,while it showed no significant changes under W1 and W2.Rainfall use rate and WUEI(water use efficiency of irrigation)under W1 and W2 had been significantly improved by 8.20%-129.58%and 31.58%-201.61%compared to W0.The contribution of nitrogen and phosphorus loss from surface water accounted for 90%and the total pollution load of total nitrogen(TN),NO_(3)^(-)-N,NH_(4)^(+)-N and chemical oxygen demand(COD)were 20.0%-63.4%,21.8%-66.3%,21.5%-63.8%,and 21.4%-46.5%lower for W1 and W2 than that for W0,respectively.Meanwhile,compared to F2,dispersed fertilization(F3)was beneficial to increase the yield and decrease pollutant load.Additionally,the path of IRA→NH_(4)^(+)-N→COD and IRA→WCA→WUE_(I) presented partial remediation effect,and the effect size was 23.6%and 38.1%,respectively,the path of IRA→WUE_(I)→WUE_(ET) presented a full remediation effect,and the path of IRA→WCA→WUE_(ET) presented suppression effect.
