Seven Decades of China's Agricultural Development:Achievements,Experience and Outlook

Over the past seven decades since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949,China's agriculture has been transformed beyond recognition.Tremendous progress has been made in China's agricultural output.China has made all-round achievements in its agriculture,forestry,livestock and fishery sectors,vastly improved agricultural production conditions,fostered new types of agricultural operators,increased opening-up,and delivered better living conditions for rural residents.China's agricultural development experience over the past seven decades can be summarized as follows:the Party's leadership over the work on agriculture,farmers and countryside,policy support and protection for agriculture,agri-technology innovation,and agricultural product market reform.In the new era,China's agriculture must follow a green and quality-oriented approach,and develop multifunctionality.China'should foster new-type agricultural operators and service entities,promote large-scale agriculture,encourage capital inputs in agriculture,integrate primary,secondary and tertiary agricultural industries,and bring about a new patter of agricultural opening-up.

Study on Management System for Agricultural Sci-tech Achievement Transformation Funding Project

Relying on the management system for agricultural sci-tech achievement transformation funding project in Zhejiang Province, on the basis of current situations and demand of agricultural sci-tech achievement transformation funding project management system, we present a B/S-structured and J2EE platform-based system which adopts MVC mode and integrates mainstream open-source frame technologies such as Spring, Struts2, ExtJs, TopLink and FreeMarker, etc. Practice has shown that this system provides an original model for management of sci-tech project application, and various projects can be expanded on this model. With the aid of this system, sci-tech project management personnel can be relieved from trivial manual works, so as to increase working efficiency and improve management level of sci-tech project management.

The role of agricultural mechanization technology in the promotion of scientific and technological achievements in agriculture

Agricultural mechanization is to the use advanced and applicable agricultural machinery and equipment in agriculture to improve agricultural production conditions, and continuously improve the production technology and economic, ecological processes of agriculture. The level of agricultural science and technology depends largely on the degree of agricultural mechanization promotion. An agricultural country level depends on the degree of modern agricultural mechanization level of the application, and the era of mechanization in agriculture can not only save a lot of labor, reduce labor intensity, but also improve labor efficiency, and enhance resistance to natural disasters. The importance of agricultural mechanization technology in the scientific and technological achievements in agriculture is visible.

Risks in the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements concerning Tropical Agriculture

The transformation of scientific and technological achievements concerning tropical agriculture has the characteristics of high risk and high return. Based on the characteristics of transformation of scientific and technological achievements concerning tropical agriculture,this paper analyzes the risk factors during the transformation of scientific and technological achievements concerning tropical agriculture. In accordance with the current situation of low transformation rate of scientific and technological achievements concerning tropical agriculture in China,this paper proposes the measures to avoid the risks in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements concerning tropical agriculture and enhance the transformation rate of scientific and technological achievements concerning tropical agriculture.

Main Measures and Achievements in the Development of Organic Agriculture in Nanchong City

In order to improve the quality and efficiency of agriculture,increase farmers'income steadily and rapidly,and improve the ecological environment of agriculture,a strong city of organic agriculture should be constructed in Nanchong City.Based on ecological agriculture,Nanchong makes great efforts to build a strong city of organic agriculture,takes environmental protection supervision as an opportunity to promote sustainable agricultural development feasibly,takes regional brands as the starting point,and promotes the development of agricultural brand.The main measures and achievements of the development of organic agriculture in Nanchong City are analyzed and discussed starting with the next work plan.

Several Theoretical Issues on Agricultural Sci-tech Service and Management

In view of particularity and complexity of agricultural sci-tech service and management,this paper presents definition of basic concept of agricultural sci-tech service and management,sums up its basic characteristics,and discusses and analyzes its structural elements and functions. The agricultural sci-tech service and management plays an important role in speeding up rural construction and narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas. It ensures benign cycle of scientific and technological achievements and regional environment,and promotes development of agricultural industrialization.

Current Situations of Agricultural Sci-tech Innovation and Development Path in Nantong

Nantong is a typical region of large population and little land.The conflict between resources and environment is growing.Thus,the improvement of independent innovation ability based on current situations,oriented towards the future and relying on scientific and technological force directly decides the effect of strong economic city construction.Through analysis on achievements of agricultural sci-tech innovation works,existing problems and demand for developing modern agriculture in Nantong,we present development ideas,target orientation and basic principles of agricultural sci-tech innovation works in Nantong,and put forward eight paths.

The recent disciplinal progresses of agricultural entomology in China

In this paper, four recent advances and achievements of China in agricultural insect research, namely, on the genome of silkworm (Bombyx mori Linnaeus), on the geographical differentiation and regional migration of cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)), on the standardized monitoring techniques for safety of honey bee (Apis mellifera Linnaeus) products, and on the virus transmission property of small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén)) as well as the interactions between vector and rice stripe virus (RSV), were reported. All of these researches are very important for controlling agricultural insect pests and the diseases they transmit, accelerating the molecular biological research of silkworm, and promoting the international trade of honey bee products. Most of these achievements mentioned above have got the national, provincial, ministerial or municipal awards on science and technology.

Exploration of Development Status and Trend of Three Elements of Rural Areas in the New Era to Protect Achievements in Poverty Alleviation

The three rural issues of agriculture, rural areas, and farmers are important strategic issues in China’s development, are an important foundation for the agricultural country to realize the modernization of agriculture and rural areas and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Under the new situation of great victory in poverty alleviation, it is necessary to protect the fruits of victory and strengthen the construction of new countryside in the new era. From the current development situations of agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, this paper explored the development trend of three elements, to provide a feasible path for protecting the achievements in poverty alleviation, and provide certain ideas for workers engaged in agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.

基于生产托管服务的农业科技成果转化新模式探析——以安徽颍州农业社会化服务科技创新基地为例

加速农业科技创新成果转化是推进现代农业发展的主要动力,对推动乡村产业振兴具有重要现实意义。系统阐述了目前安徽省农业科技成果转化的主要模式,并综合分析了成果转化过程中存在的成果属性、转化动力、转化机制及农技推广模式等方面的问题。结合新阶段对科技创新和成果转化联动发展以及农业生产托管高质量发展的要求,提出了基于农业社会化服务的农业科技成果转化模式的理论框架,并以安徽颍州农业社会化服务科技创新基地为例,分析了农业生产托管服务在推进科技创新和促进成果高效转化方面的正向作用,阐述了农业科研院所、农技推广系统、托管组织等主体在科技创新与成果转化中的联动协作机制。提出了一条可行的农业科技成果转化新模式——基于生产托管的农业科技成果转化模式,以期为推动农业科技创新成果转化、助力农业新技术推广到位、助推乡村振兴提供参考依据。

农业科研院所科技成果转化路径探索——以新疆农业科学院为例

农业科研院所作为农业科技成果的摇篮,其科技成果转化情况关系着区域农业经济的高质量发展。文章以新疆农业科学院为例,分析了当前农业科技成果产出和转化情况,找出影响农业科技成果转化发展的关键问题,从成果源头创新、政策体系建设、专项资金支持、转化平台建设、专业队伍建设和丰富转化方式六个方面提出了农业科研院所“六强化、六保障”的科技成果转化路径,以期加快推进农业科技成果转化。

科技成果转化农学创新综合实验的探索与实践

探索将科技成果“香稻增香增产栽培技术”转化为农学专业的综合实验,形成“香稻增香增产栽培技术应用与香气测定分析”创新综合实验,包括了田间实验设计、田间调查与取样、室内测定与分析、实验报告撰写等环节的实验教学体系。通过多途径强化创新能力。综合实验的实施有利于调动新农科学生的科研热情,增强科研创新素质和实践能力,实现推动卓越农林人才培养的目标。

湖北省农业科技成果转化现状与对策

加快农业科技成果转化有利于提高农业质量效益和竞争力,有利于加快农业农村现代化。文章阐述了湖北省农业科技成果转化现状,系统分析了农业科技成果转化存在的主要问题,提出了强化资金投入、强化需求导向、强化企业培育、强化服务机构和人才队伍建设等加强农业科技成果转化的建议,以期为提升湖北省农业科技成果转化工作效能提供参考。

农业科研院所产业研究院建设探索与实践——以江苏省农业科学院为例

新型研发机构产业研究院是科技创新与产业发展融合的新载体,是成果转化的重要平台。科研院所作为国家创新体系的重要组成部分,加强产业研究院的建设,必将促进成果转化率的进一步提高。文章结合江苏省农业科学院近年来产业研究院建设方面的主要做法,分析了产业研究院发展现状、取得的初步成效以及存在的主要问题,提出了明确产业研究院建设原则、创新产业研究院组织形式、加强产业研究院运行管理、强化经费保障顶层设计、优化人力资源配置等加强产业研究院建设的对策建议,以期为农业科研院所产业研究院建设提供参考。

新时代背景下新疆农业科研院校科技成果转化管理运行体制机制研究

高效的管理运行体制机制是保障和助推科技成果转化的关键。文章在进行典型农业科研院校调研的基础上,分析了当前新疆农业科研院校科技成果转化管理运行体制机制现状,查找出其在运行中存在的问题,结合国内外经验和做法,对新疆农业科研院校科技成果转化管理运行体制机制进行优化,形成以市场需求为导向的科技成果创新机制、以企业发展需求为导向的协同转化机制、以知识价值为导向的成果转化激励机制、以风险防范为导向的政策服务保障机制和以成果转化为目标的人才队伍建设机制等,以进一步完善新疆农业科研院校科技成果转化管理运行体系,为农业新质生产力推动农业产业发展提供保障。

创新链视角下地方公益农业类科研机构创新效率测度研究

文章基于创新链理论,将公益农业类科研机构划分为科技研发阶段和成果转化阶段,采用DEA-Malquist指数法测算2011—2020年21家福建省属公益农业类科研机构不同阶段科技创新效率。结果表明:10年间,科技研发阶段和成果转化阶段的创新效率均表现为退步状态,科技研发阶段创新效率下降5.10%,成果转化阶段下降3.20%,可见两阶段均有较大提升空间;21家机构不同阶段创新效率差距明显,47.62%的机构科技研发效率处于退步状态,创新指数最大差距达0.756,38.10%的机构成果转化效率处于退步状态,创新指数最大差距达0.919;机构创新发展模式差距大,23.81%为集约型,9.52%为粗放型,28.57%为研发高效-转化低效型,38.10%为研发低效-转化高效型。在此基础上,结合加快推进科技政策创新、科技体制改革等外部因素,引导机构形成学科布局、技术积累与产业经济发展格局相适应科研组织模式等内部因素,分类提出有针对性的对策建议。

“农业中关村”创新驱动引领乡村全面振兴

中关村是科创高地的代名词,“农业中关村”承担着服务国家农业科技自立自强,服务首都国际科技创新工程建设的重要使命。“农业中关村”的建设对北京市乃至全国乡村振兴战略的实施具有重要的引领作用。在建成北京国际科技创新中心的大背景和相关政策支持下,通过明确目标定位、功能布局、机制推进,经历探索、起步、全面推进、提速增效等发展时期,农业中关村建设取得了阶段性成果和乡村振兴引领效果;但是,还存在行政部门间沟通有壁、顶层设计仍需细化、金融支持力度不足、带动效果有待提升等制约因素。针对这些问题,提出了未来应进一步加强组织领导,实施一体化战略;创新体制机制,完善制度保障;完善金融服务,破解资金困境;营造浓厚氛围,强化引领效果等发展建议,为促进“农业中关村”项目建设并发挥其在乡村振兴中的引领作用提供了参考。

“社区送工”:易地搬迁弱劳动力就业扶持的实践创新 ——以广西A县Z城镇化安置社区为例

就业是巩固拓展易地搬迁脱贫攻坚成果的关键。易地搬迁弱劳动力长期从事农业,年龄偏大、文化水平低、缺少务工技能,无法适应城镇非农就业。为此,把农业就业作为化解城镇化安置的易地搬迁弱劳动力就业困境的突破口,论述易地搬迁弱劳动力农业就业的现实基础。基于广西A县Z城镇化安置社区案例,提出并阐述“社区送工”易地搬迁弱劳动力农业就业的运行逻辑和实践成效。具体而言,地方政府引领农业园区化发展,安置社区向农业园区组织化输送易地搬迁弱劳动力,易地搬迁弱劳动力在农业就业中建立稳固的利益联结。“社区送工”基于市场供求关系把易地搬迁弱劳动力与乡村产业振兴的劳动力需求有效衔接,既能持续巩固易地搬迁脱贫攻坚成果,也创新出“劳动力下乡”的城乡融合发展方式。

农业科研机构和企业协同发展模式中存在的问题及对策

通过对农业科研机构和企业协同发展模式的探讨,阐述了农业科研机构和企业协同发展的意义,论述了农业科研机构和企业合作的概念,同时分析了协同发展的现状。通过查阅资料和调查研究等方法,详细提出了农业科研机构和企业合作面临的合作机制不够完善、科研机构成果转化度不够、专业人才短缺等问题,并在此基础上提出了完善互惠互利的合作机制、加强科技成果转化、加强培养和引进人才、提高科技创新能力等建议。

农业科研院所科技服务质量提升研究——以江西省农业科学院为例

农业科研院所作为农业科技供给的重要动力来源,其科技服务质量对提升农业科技含量、促进产业发展、服务“三农”等具有重要的影响。文章以江西省农业科学院为例,介绍了该院科技服务工作取得的成效,分析了科技服务工作中存在的不足,从强化科技支撑、畅通需求表达通道、稳固科技服务支撑体系等方面提出了提升科技服务质量的对策建议。