Studies on Agricultural Scientific and Technical Information Core Metadata Register System

To construct the Agricultural Scientific and Technical Information Core Metadata （ASTICM） standard and its expanding principles, and to develop a register system based on ASTICM, the policy and methods of DC （Dublin Core） and SDBCM （Scientific Database Core Metadata） were studied. The construction of ASTICM has started from the proposed elements of the DCMI （Dublin Core Metadata Initiative）, and has expanded the DC and SDBCM with related expanding principles. ASTICM finally includes 75 metadata elements, five expanded principles, and seven application profile creation methods. According to the requirement analysis of a large number of users of agricultural information, a register system based on ASTICM was developed. The ASTICM standard framework and its register system supported the search, sharing, integration exchange and other applications, effectively.

Current Situation and Development Proposals of Agricultural Facilities(Planting)Application in Beijing

Facility agriculture is an essential carrier for promoting stable production and supply.In2020,the planting area of facility agriculture in Beijing(290098000 m2)accounted for 29.06%of the total planting area of crops(998078000 m2),and the output value accounted for 46.56%.In2022,Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension Station organized relevant departments to summarize and evaluate the agricultural facilities in Beijing through consultation materials,interviews,questionnaires,and field trips,combining survey data and statistical data to draw the following conclusions.Facilities play a major supporting role in stabilizing production and ensuring supply.The number of traditional greenhouses is extensive and covers a large area,so special planning and classification upgrades are urgently needed.Facilities are rich in scientific and technological resources,but the mode of production is out of date.It is of great significance to improve the comprehensive production capacity of facility agriculture and promote the healthy and stable development of facility industry in Beijing to increase the utilization rate of facility agriculture land,strengthen the support of facility science and technology,and cultivate the socialized service organization of facility.

Nonfarm employment, agricultural machinery service purchase and agricultural production efficiency:An empirical study based on China's major wheat-producing areas

Based on the cross-sectional data of the survey conducted in China's main wheat producing areas at the end of 2019,this paper uses the translog production function model to estimate agricultural technical efficiency,and studies the relationship between nonfarm employment,agricultural machinery service purchase and agricultural production efficiency.The results show that the household non-agricultural employment ratio and non-agricultural income have a significant positive impact on the purchase of agricultural machinery services.In addition to the effect of scale efficiency,non-agricultural employment does not have a significant impact on agricultural technical efficiency,and labor transfer does not have a significant negative impact on agricultural production.

Study on Technologies for Information Monitoring and Quick Response of Agricultural Focuses and Significant Events

This article analyzed the importance of information monitoring and quick response on agricultural focuses and significant events, proposed the workflow and technical framework for information monitoring and quick response based on modern information technologies, and explained key technologies during implementation and the functional structure for prototype system of the technical support platform.

Innovation and Technical Efficiency in the Smallholder Dairy Production System in Ethiopia

This study provides estimates of smallholder household＇s production efficiency and its determinants, and separately analyses the technical efficiency of dairy technology adopting and non-adopting farmers using data from Ethiopia. Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function was modeled in the context of local level agricultural innovation systems framework and estimated using 2011 milk production data on 304 dairy farmers. Results show that the mean level of technical efficiency among the sampled farmers was about 26%. This result suggests that there is room for significant increases of production through reallocation of existing resources. Despite significant variation among farmers, these results also indicate only 19% of farmers have mean efficiency scores （_〉 50%）, implying a need to focus on creating innovation capacity that pushes the production frontier outward in the dairy production system. It is also revealed that individual farm households＇ efficiency varied widely across dairy technology adoption status, gender and districts. The significant gamma （g） statistic, of 0.9985 in the analysis indicates that about 99.85% variation in the output of milk production would be attributed to technical inefficiency effects （those under farmer＇s control） while only 0.0015% would be due to random effects, i.e., beyond the farmers control and hence calling for a focus on efficiency enhancing investments. Education, farm size, extension visit and off-farm income opportunity were found to be efficiency enhancing. The study recommends that different components of an agricultural innovation system have to interact to improve the innovation capacity of different actors and thereby improve the estimated technical inefficiencies.

The Estimation Methods for Agricultural Surplus Labor Based on Stochastic Frontier Production Function

The existing calculation methods for the number of agricultural surplus labor have a common flaw,that is,they can not reflect the impact of technical efficiency changes in agricultural production on the surplus labor. Based on the basic principle of stochastic frontier production function,this paper calculates the agricultural production technical efficiency of various provinces,and selects the province with the highest technical efficiency to assume that its agricultural labor is fully utilized,and there is no agricultural surplus labor. With the ratio of agricultural labor number to agricultural output value in this province as a reference,this paper calculates the number of agricultural surplus labor in other provinces. This calculation method makes up for the shortcomings of the existing calculation methods; it reflects the relationship between the number of agricultural surplus labor and production technical efficiency.

Measurement and Analysis of Agricultural Production Efficiency in Taiwan of China Based on Three-stage DEA Model

Agricultural production efficiency in Taiwan of China in 2015 is studied by using three-stage DEA model. The results show that total output value of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery is taken as output index,while employees of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery,number of tractors,investment in dry land and paddy field are taken as input indexes,which meets " isotropic" condition assumption of model application. Natural disaster,number of workers in agricultural production and marketing class,expenditure on farmland water conservancy are not favorable for the promotion of agricultural production efficiency,while multiple cropping index is favorable for promoting agricultural production efficiency. Three-stage DEA model effectively eliminates the influences of environmental and random factors on agricultural production efficiency. After environmental and random factors are eliminated,comprehensive technical efficiency in Taiwan of China declines because of the decline of pure technical efficiency. Each county and city of Taiwan could be divided into different types according to pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency,and it can have some emphasis in improving agricultural production efficiency according to their own efficiency characteristics.

Do ICTs Boost Agricultural Productivity?

Based on panel data from the Rural Fixed Point Survey of the Ministry of Agriculture over the period 2004-2016 and supplementary survey data on information and communications technology(ICT)applications in the countryside,this paper employs the difference in differences(DID)method to analyze the effects of ICT applications on rural households’agricultural total factor productivity(TFP)with mobile phone signal,internet and 3G mobile network connections as indicators,and decomposes and evaluates the constituent factors.Our findings reveal a positive effect of ICTs on rural households’TFP,which primarily stemmed from rising agricultural technical efficiency.However,ICTs exerted no significant effect on agricultural technical progress during this paper’s data period due to limited rural human capital.These findings are consistent with robustness test results based on counterfactual and matching methods.

Analyzing the Influence of TBT on Chinese Agricultural and Food Exports

Technical Barriers to Trade （TBT） have become an important obstacle to the export of Chinese agricultural products. This paper illustrates the characteristics of TBT and measures their influence on the export of Chinese agricultural products and food. In conclusion, some countermeasures are discussed for China responding to TBT.

Technical means and system guarantee of museumprotection and inheritance for intangible cultural heritage

Intangible cultural heritage has a rich connotation of unique thinking way, ethical imaginationand cultural awareness, which is an important sign of national spiritual culture. Possessing the specialvalues of professionalism, permanency, security and openness, with the advantages museums play acentral role in inheriting and rescuing our intangible cultural heritage. Museums have a lot of technicalmeans for museums to protect and inherit intangible cultural heritage, such as scientific research,preservation of material carrier, museum publications, displays on intangible cultural heritage, estab-lishing thematic museums. In intangible cultural heritage, agricultural heritage is the most importantpart. The core content of which is the ideas and methods of harmony between mankind and environ-ment. There is a variety of practices on the protection by China National Agricultural Museum.

Empirical Analysis of Agricultural Production Efficiency in Shaanxi Province

This article analyses the agricultural production efficiency of all cities and areas in Shaanxi Province in the period 2006-2009 using data envelopment analysis method,and compares the agricultural production efficiency between all cities and areas.The results show that the agricultural production efficiency and scale efficiency of agriculture of Shaanxi Province are high on the whole,but the efficiency of agricultural technology is very low,agricultural development still relies on factor inputs,and the driving role of technological progress is not conspicuous.Finally the following countermeasures are put forward to promote agricultural productivity in Shaanxi Province:improve the construction of agricultural infrastructure,and increase agricultural input;accelerate the project of extending agricultural technology into households,and promote the conversion and use rate of agricultural scientific and technological achievements;establish and improve industrial system of agriculture,and speed up the building of various agricultural cooperative economic organizations.

我国保护性耕作的发展与政策建议

保护性耕作是一项可持续农业技术,以少免耕和作物残茬覆盖地表为主要特点,为我国农业生产带来了显著的经济、环境、社会效益;在我国农业生产转向大规模、高效率、智能化发展的背景下,推动保护性耕作的深化发展,有利于耕地保护、藏粮于地、藏粮于技等国家战略实施。本文从技术与机具研发、示范推广与能力建设、东北黑土区应用三方面,全面回顾了我国保护性耕作的发展历程;系统梳理了我国保护性耕作技术与机具的发展现状,涵盖代表性技术模式,地表秸秆及作物残茬处理、浅层土壤耕作、免少耕播种等关键机具;深入分析了适宜的模式与机具、法律和政策的支持、规模化种植大户的带动等影响我国保护性耕作发展的主要因素。研究建议,筹建国家级科技创新平台、整县推进高标准示范工程,加强政策引导、高质量实施国家级行动计划,持续开展保护性耕作技术宣传,以促进我国保护性耕作技术及应用的稳健发展。

中国丘陵山区农业机械专利技术发展态势

基于incoPat专利数据库,从专利视角对中国丘陵山区农业机械技术的成果产出、研发主题、创新主体、成果应用等现状开展分析.结果表明:中国丘陵山区农业机械专利技术在经过近30年的缓慢发展,于2015年进入快速增长期,近5年的年均申请量超700件;相比于国外注重农机智能化和精细化研究,中国更侧重山区适用小型机械和园艺机械研究,近年来逐渐重视智能农机和微地形改造探索;高校是该领域的创新主体,其专利申请量占比32.43%;在研发模式方面,合作研发模式占比7.17%,其中企业参与的研发仅占1.10%;科研成果转化应用程度较低,专利转让率为4.78%,许可率为0.58%,质押率为0.54%.针对目前技术发展现状,从深化“政企校”创新模式、聚焦智能农机领域研发、“前+终”两端共同推动专利技术转化等3个方面提出建议.

雨养农业区冬小麦品种灌浆期抗旱耐逆性评价技术规程

为进一步推进抗旱耐逆小麦品种的快速筛选及其推广应用,提高耐旱育种效率,通过半干旱雨养农业区田间生产条件下灌浆期小麦气孔性状多年多点的测定,明确小麦灌浆期抗旱耐逆性判定规则,联合主成分分析和隶属函数值方法,从适用范围、规范性引用文件、术语和定义、技术原理、基本要求、田间管理、气孔性状调查分析、评价指标的计算及评价等级等方面总结出雨养农业区冬小麦品种灌浆期抗旱耐逆性综合评价技术规程。

强国建设两阶段农业劳动生产率目标预测与提升路径

提高农业劳动生产率是建设社会主义现代化强国和农业强国的关键任务。农业劳动生产率的增长来源于农业劳动力劳均经营土地面积的增加、土地产出率的提高与单位农产品价值的提升。改革开放以来,中国农业劳动生产率大幅提高,其中土地单产上升的贡献率持续下降,而劳均经营土地面积增加的贡献率不断上升。2010—2020年,中国农业劳动生产率的增长中19.9%来自土地单产上升,67.8%来自劳均经营土地面积增加。综合考虑按总增长率、按构成项的增长率和按与农业发达国家的相对水平进行预测,中国农业劳均增加值在2035年将超过19000美元(2015年不变价格),在2050年将超过50000美元,达到农业发达国家水平。未来较长一段时间,中国农业劳动生产率的增长将主要来自劳均经营土地面积的增加,在此过程中,要促进新型农业经营主体培育,促进劳动节约型技术进步,促进农地经营权流转并保障经营权稳定,促进以增值增效为导向的农业结构优化调整。

增产与减碳能否兼得?——粮食主产区设立的农业碳减排效应研究

在粮食安全底线和“双碳”任务双重压力下,准确把握粮食增产政策与农业碳排放的关系,对于推进农业高质量发展具有重要意义。把设立粮食主产区视为一项外生政策干预的准自然实验,运用双重差分法和中介效应模型,考察粮食主产区设立对农业碳排放的影响及其作用机制。研究发现:粮食主产区设立在筑牢粮食安全底线的同时,还对粮食种植环节的农业碳排放具有显著的削减效应,被划定为主产区使得该省份粮食生产碳排放强度和密度分别下降了2.61%和3.58%,而且这一碳排放削减效应表现出逐渐增强的长期动态特征。异质性检验发现,粮食主产区设立对不同来源碳排放的削减效应存在明显差异,对化学制品类排放源削减作用最大,土地利用类排放源次之,化石燃料类排放源不明显。作用机制分析证明,农作物种植结构优化的“结构效应”、粮食种植规模扩大的“规模效应”和农业技术进步的“技术效应”,是粮食主产区设立削减农业碳排放的重要机制,三种效应联合可以解释碳排放削减总效应的64%左右。

养殖户参与农业产业组织对肉羊养殖技术效率的影响

为探究养殖户参与农业产业组织对肉羊养殖技术效率的影响,研究立足微观农户角度,以2013—2022年11个省份489份肉羊养殖户数据为研究对象,运用倾向得分匹配法与随机前沿分析法,分析养殖户参与农业产业组织对肉羊养殖技术效率的影响。结果表明,养殖户参与农业产业组织对肉羊养殖技术效率产生正向促进作用,且该结果在经过近邻匹配、半径匹配与核匹配3种内生性检验之后仍然成立。研究表明,鼓励养殖户积极参与农业产业组织,对于提升肉羊养殖效率及推动整个养殖业高质量发展具有深远意义。

“三全育人”视野下农业高职院校思想政治教育路径创新研究

农业高职院校遵循“三全育人”理念,创新思想政治教育路径,有助于增强农业类技术技能人才培养的针对性和适应性。落实“三全育人”的理论和实践双重价值,分析当前农业高职院校思政教育中存在的全员参与的“大协同”育人共同体尚未形成,全过程衔接的“全贯通”育人生态链有待完善,全方位互联的“强融合”育人要素群需要深挖等三个问题,从构建大思政格局、推动思政课程与课程思政同向同行、健全一体化育人保障机制三个方面创新具有职业教育类型特点和农业行业办学特色的思政教育路径,能够显著提升思政教育的质量和水平,推动立德树人、德技并修深化落实。

人口老龄化、农业技术效率与农业经济韧性——基于人口普查与抽样调查数据的分析

农业是经济社会发展的“压舱石”,合理应对人口老龄化加剧带来的挑战对于锻铸农业经济韧性、推进农业现代化具有重要意义。本文采用人口普查、人口抽样调查数据,实证检验了人口老龄化加剧对农业经济韧性的影响。研究发现:人口老龄化水平提高显著降低了农业经济韧性,经过系列内生性与稳健性检验后结论不变,人口老龄化主要通过削弱农业创新重构能力降低农业经济韧性;机制研究表明,人口老龄化水平提高降低了农业技术效率进而抑制农业经济韧性提升;异质性分析发现,农业经济韧性遭受人口老龄化的冲击力度在所处粮食功能区划、农业保险水平以及财政支农力度不同的地区存在差异。据此,本文从提升农业劳动力素质、推动农业技术创新、鼓励区域差异化发展、完善农业保险保障和财政支农政策等方面提出对策建议,以期为当前研究提供经验借鉴。

技术性贸易壁垒对山东省农产品出口贸易的影响及对策研究--基于贸易引力模型的实证分析

为了测度我国入世后,TBTs对山东农产品出口所产生的具体经济影响,本文选取2010—2020年中国对欧美、东盟、中美洲、日韩等主要贸易伙伴国农产品出口的面板数据,采用实证调查探究TBTs对山东农产品出口量占比、中国制造业出口额占比等的宏观经济影响。研究显示,进口国在前一时期提交的与农产品有关的TBTs产品,对当期山东农产品出口额占比、工业出口额占比等都具有负向效应,即TBTs产品所限制的生产领域越集中于农村生产地区,其负向效应越突出。最后,本文针对当前山东省内农产品交易如何合理避免TBTs的不良影响,分别从政府、行业和企业层面提出具体建议,以供参考。