Is the feminization of labor harmful to agricultural production? The decision-making and production control perspective

Even today,academics continue to debate the effect of feminization of agricultural labor force on agricultural output.By considering the dimensions of participation in decision-making and production,this study divides the various agricultural production models into three types:(i)the traditional model of decisions made either jointly by men and women or by men alone while both genders participate in production,(ii)complete feminization of agricultural decision-making and the production labor force,and(iii)feminization of the agricultural production labor force only.This study investigates the effects of combining or separating decision-making and production in regard to agricultural development in the context of feminization of the agricultural labor force.Using follow-up data collected from 2004–2008 by the Ministry of Agriculture of China,we built a comprehensive panel data model to test our hypotheses.Our research shows that in comparison to traditional agricultural households and fully feminized agricultural labor forces,partially feminized production resulted in lower grain yield and technological advancement.The feminization of agricultural labor does not necessarily have a negative impact on agricultural output,especially since heavy manual labor is being increasingly replaced by agricultural machinery and outsourcing of tasks.The degree of feminization of the decision-making and production processes should be an important consideration when evaluating the purported negative effects of the feminization of agricultural labor.

DNA extraction method selection for agricultural soil using TOPSIS multiple criteria decision-making model

There is an increased interest in the extraction of nucleic acids from various environmental samples since culture-independent molecular techniques contribute to deepen and broaden the understanding of a greater portion of uncultivable microorganisms. Due to difficulties to select the optimum DNA extraction method in view of downstream molecular analyses, this article presents a straightforward mathematical framework for comparing some of the most commonly used methods. Four commercial DNA extraction kits and two physical-chemical methods (bead-beating and freeze-thaw) were compared for the extraction of DNA under several quantitative DNA analysis criteria: yield of extraction, purity of extracted DNA (A260/280 and A260/230 ratios), degradation degree of DNA, easiness of PCR amplification, duration of extraction, and cost per extraction. From a practical point of view, it is unlikely that a single DNA extraction strategy can be optimum for all selected criteria. Hence, a systematic Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was employed to compare the methods. The PowerSoil? DNA Isolation Kit was systematically defined as the best performing method for extracting DNA from soil samples. More specifically, for soil:manure and soil:manure:biochar mixtures, the PowerSoil?DNA Isolation Kit method performed best, while for neat soil samples its alternative version gained the first rank.

Analyzing the Roles of Agricultural Extension Agents in Hybrid Rice Technology Decision-Making Process of Farmers

The study determined the roles of agricultural extension in hybrid rice technology decision-making process by extension agents,Nay Pyi Taw,Myanmar.The specific objectives were:to study personal characteristics of agricultural extension agents,experiences and their roles,to identify extension agents’opinion on hybrid rice technology decision-making process,and to determine relationship between the roles of agricultural extension agents and decision-making process of hybrid rice production.One hundred and eight extension agents were collected who were working in Department of Agriculture,Nay Pyi Taw area and surveyed and interviewed by questionnaires.The study revealed that majority of agricultural extension agents(65.7%)were female staffs and most of extension agents(40.7%)were under 30 years as young staffs.Majority of extension agents(81.5%)were educated only Agri-Diploma.More than half(54.6%)had one to five-year experiences in employment and 58.3%had no hybrid rice training experience and source of information regarding the hybrid rice production was received 63.9%from Department of Agriculture(DOA).Study found that there was highly significant relationship between most of the roles of agricultural extension agents and hybrid rice technology decision-making process of stages 4 and 5.And then most of the extension agents’roles singnificantly related with stage 2 except role of conducting introduction of hybrid seeds and distribution through by Seed Co.Ltds which was highly significant.Beside,most of the roles of extension agents significantly related with stage 3.However stages 1 and 6 were no singnificantly related.Finally above all,a well structure seed business,Good Agricultural Practices and farm level mechanization and quality extension service are very important to increase the adoption of hybrid rice in Myanmar.

Research on Web-GIS Based Intelligent Management Decision-Making System for Soybean

The design of Web-GIS based intelligent management decision-making system for soybean follows the life cycle standard of software engineering. Based on the analysis of the flow of soybean growth technology, the data flow chart was protracted and the function from chart was brought in the course of the designing and realizing the system. By making use of the directed program tool such as VC, Java and multi-media technique the fimctions of decision-making system were realized. It will do a lot of for the theoretical and practical development of intelligent technology of agricultural information of Heilongjiang Province.

2017—2022年中国农产品进出口贸易形势的变化与启示

2023年5月之前的一系列国内国际政策松绑意味着新冠肺炎疫情的全球形势已经从紧急状态向常态化转变。然而对整个新冠肺炎疫情期间中国农产品进出口贸易宏观数据异常变动的研究极度匮乏。采用新冠肺炎疫情前3年和整个疫情3年,即2017—2022年中国农产品进出口贸易宏观数据进行统计分析,结合文献综述、数据定量分析、对比研究等方法梳理、归纳和总结了新冠肺炎疫情期间中国农产品贸易进出口形势相对于疫情前形势的变化,深入分析疫情前和整个疫情过程中我国农产品进出口贸易的特征。结果表明,新冠肺炎疫情期间我国农产品进出口贸易总额呈持续增长态势;受世界多国农产品贸易限制、国内农产品生产价格指数上升和中美贸易协议的影响,中国农产品进出口贸易逆差进一步扩大。谷物、棉花、食糖等主要农产品进出口贸易的量价波动幅度较大。总体来看,疫情下我国农产品进出口贸易的基本结构未发生变化。新冠肺炎疫情没有改变我国农业自身资源的先天禀赋,也不改变我国农业结构、贸易环境和政府农业政策。2017—2022年中国农产品进出口贸易结构总体未发生变化,但是农产品贸易指标在2020年初体现出显著突发性,农产品贸易阶段性影响显著,少数农产品贸易结构性影响显著。建议大力确国家保粮食安全底线,提高疫情风险下中国在国际农产品贸易市场上的议价能力,持续发挥中国农产品贸易的比较优势。

Building a Business and Strategic Intelligence Policy as a Strategy for Promoting Congolese Business Progress and Healthy Economic Development in Eastern DRC

The aim of this study was to verify the existence of business and strategic intelligence policies at the level of Congolese companies and at the state level, likely to foster progress and healthy development in the east of the DRC. The study was based on a mixed perspective consisting of objective analysis of quantitative data and interpretative analysis of qualitative data. The results showed that business and strategic intelligence policies have not been established at either company or state level, as this is an area of activity that is not known to the players in companies and public departments, and there are no units or offices in their organizational structures responsible for managing strategic information for competitiveness on the international market. In addition, there is a real need to establish strategic information management units within companies, upstream, and to set up a national strategic information management department or agency to help local companies compete in the marketplace, downstream. This reflects the importance and timeliness of building business and strategic intelligence policies to ensure economic progress and development in the eastern DRC. Business and strategic intelligence provides companies with an appropriate tool for researching, collecting, processing and disseminating information useful for decision-making among stakeholders, in order to cope with a crisis or competitive situation. The study suggests a number of key recommendations based on its findings. To the government, it is recommended to establish the national policy of business and strategic intelligence by setting up a national agency of strategic intelligence in favor of local companies;and to companies to establish business intelligence units in their organizational structures in favor of stakeholders to foster advantageous decision-making in the competitive market and achieve progress. Finally, the study suggests that studies be carried out to fully understand the opportunities and impact of business and strategic intelligence in African countries, particularly in the DRC.

A Decision Support System for Spatial Analysis of Agricultural Production in Madagascar

In this article, our research aims to set up a geo-decisional system, more precisely we are particularly interested in the spatial analysis system of agricultural production in Madagascar. For this, we used the spatial data warehouse technique based on the SOLAP spatial analysis tool. After having defined the concepts underlying these systems, we propose to address the research issues related to them from four points of view: needs study of the Malagasy Ministry of Agriculture, modeling of a multidimensional conceptual model according to the MultiDim model and the implementation of the system studied using GeoKettle, PostGIS, GeoServer, SPAGO BI and Géomondrian technologies. This new system helps improve the decision-making process for agricultural production in Madagascar.

中国农业经济形势分析与未来展望

当前,中国全面推进乡村振兴,加快建设农业强国,农业生产稳中有进,粮食产量再获丰收,重要农产品保障能力进一步加强,为建设农业强国、加快推进农业农村现代化、全面推进乡村振兴奠定了坚实的基础。详细介绍了中国当前及未来一段时间的宏观经济社会情况,主要包括经济发展、城乡融合、第一产业就业、城乡居民收入、城乡居民消费价格等方面,重点分析了当前及未来一段时期高标准农田建设、水资源、农业科技和农业政策情况,并从生产、消费、贸易和价格4个方面对2023年及未来10年中国农产品供需形势进行了分析和展望。

基于宏微结合的田间作业机器人路径规划

农业机器人对推动农业现代化加速变革和实现智慧农业有重要作用。高精度定位技术是保障机器人安全高效完成各类作业的基础,而作业路径准确规划是实现农业场景下导航的核心。针对田间作业机器人复杂环境下因测绘误差与局部障碍进而造成作物损伤率较大这一问题,本文提出一种基于宏微结合的路径规划算法,该算法首先基于作业区域宏观测绘信息生成全局静态作业路径,同时利用雷达传感器对机器人局部作业环境进行实时动态监测进而生成局部动态最优路径,将全局静态路径与局部动态路径进行有机融合以实现作业路径优化修正,保障田间作业的顺利进行,最终应用MPC算法控制机器人对规划后的路径进行追踪。经试验验证,当机器人田间作业两侧安全距离分别为0.2、0.1 m时,本算法可将作业过程中平均作物损伤率由3.405 8%、1.276 3%降低到0.677 2%、0.188 9%,保证了机器人作业的安全可靠,为大田稳产条件下的高效作业奠定基础。同时,本算法提升了精准农业要求下田间作业精度,对实现农业高产高效高质目标有重要意义。

Fresh-Keeping Decision and Coordination of Fresh Agricultural Product Supply Chain Considering Carbon Cap-and-Trade under Different Dominance

In the context of low carbon,this paper discussed the impact of the carbon cap-and-trade policy on the fresh-keeping decision-making of two-echelon fresh agricultural product supply chains under different dominance,and designed cost-sharing contracts to coordinate the supply chain of fresh agricultural products dominated by suppliers and retailers respectively.The results showed that:dominance has no effect on the fresh-keeping decision and total revenue of fresh agricultural product supply chain,but it affects the internal income distribution,and dominance does not always bring more benefits;the implementation of carbon cap-and-trade reduces the fresh-keeping decision-making of fresh agricultural products supply chain and reduces the free-rider income of followers;the role of higher carbon trading price is twofold,which not only brings about the speculation of leading enterprises,but also promotes the application of low-carbon technologies;consumers’high preference for freshness,low-cost and high-efficiency low-carbon technology are all conducive to improving the fresh-keeping efforts and benefits of the supply chain;cost-sharing contracts can coordinate the supply chain of fresh agricultural products.

我国农业机械化宏观研究的态势分析

在对农业机械化基本内涵、农业机械化项目类别和农业机械化关键特征的概念进行辨识的基础上,从农业机械化系统分析、农业机械化与经济的关系、农业机械化贡献率的测算、农业机械化效益评价、农业机械化发展水平评价和农业机械化发展的阶段性等方面,比较全面地分析了我国农业机械化宏观研究的现状,并预测了现阶段我国农业机械化宏观研究的趋势。

面向2035年智慧农业发展战略研究

发展智慧农业是推动我国农业高质量发展、促进乡村全面振兴的重要内容,开展智慧农业战略研究对于把握我国智慧农业中长期科技布局、厘清发展思路与方向具有积极意义。本文立足国家乡村振兴战略背景,剖析概括了农业高质量发展对智慧农业科技的宏观需求,详细分析了面向2035年智慧农业发展的战略构想、重点任务、发展路径。研究表明,发展智慧农业有助于解决现阶段我国农业质量效益不高、竞争力不强等问题,建议加快建立“品种选育+数字赋能+智能装备”有机融合的智慧农业产业技术体系,注重顶层设计、强化技术攻关、建立差异化补贴机制、坚持“产村”融合、加快应用型人才培养;结合不同经营主体特点、不同产业需求,梯次推进智慧农业发展,支持实现“机器替代人力、电脑替代人脑、自主技术竞争力增强”三大转变,保障我国由农业大国走向农业强国。

吉林省黑土区农业生境大型土壤节肢动物群落组成与生态分布

目的了解土地利用差异对大型土壤节肢动物群落特征的影响。方法选取吉林省中部黑土区农田、居民点园地和“三北”防护林等典型农业土地利用生境作为研究样地,于2003年7月和9月分别进行大型土壤节肢动物调查,研究大型土壤节肢动物的群落组成与生态分布。结果研究区共捕获大型土壤节肢动物2357只,分别隶属于节肢动物门5纲9目70科。结论不同农业土地利用生境大型土壤节肢动物群落个体数量和类群数差异显著;农业生产活动促使大型土壤节肢动物向土壤下层移动,其中7月下移最为明显;此外,不同类群大型土壤节肢动物对土地利用变化响应存在一定差异。

农业资源环境评价方法与我国粮食主产区的确定

对我国 31个省区的农业资源环境进行了系统辨识分析 ,运用评价分析结果与 31个省区的粮食产量回归分析值进行综合分析 ,确定出 15个粮食生产主产区和 16个非粮食主产区 ,并提出了解决我国农业资源环境恶化的根本方法———以研发主产区与非主产区的农业宏观调控软件为依据 ,对农业实行WTO框架内的宏观调控 .

浙江农业发展的宏观分析和战略研究

运用宏观农业“绿三角”模型，从技术论和社会学视角分析浙江农业发展空间、历史机遇和农业新科技革命的作用，并对农业现代化的若干限制因子及发展战略进行理论探讨。

山区特色农业的基本现状和发展思路

本文在分析通化山区特色农业基本现状的基础上 ,系统地论述了发展山区特色农业的基本思路及其宏观调控措施。山区特色农业是在山区特定条件下 ,利用其特有的农业自然资源进行优质特用产品生产的高效农业产业化经济群。特色农业既具有其高价值性和高效益性的优势 ,又有其不断消耗资源的障碍性因素。据此提出发展山区特色农业的基本思路是培植保护自然资源、调整产业经济结构、建设区域经济体系和实施主导产业带动。其宏观调控措施是遵守客观规律、引入市场机制、加强科技创新和强化社会保障。

国外农业机械化宏观研究的评述

通过对农业机械化系统优化分析、农业机械化政策理论研究、农业机械化与可持续发展、可计算一般均衡模型(CGE)分析和技术经济增长理论5个方面的归纳和评述,总结了对国外农业机械化进行宏观研究的主要理论和基本方法,以期为我国农业机械化宏观研究提供更好的借鉴和指导。

农产品质量安全宏观环境综述

随着农产品供求关系的变化和城乡居民安全消费意识的提高,农产品质量安全已成为人们最关心、最直接、最现实的问题之一。同时国际贸易过程中的保护主义使得农产品质量安全日益成为制约国际农产品贸易的重要因素。因此,研究农产品质量安全具有很重要的现实意义。从2006年的《中华人民共和国农产品质量安全法》起,为保障农产品的质量安全政府出台了一系列的政策法规。从生产、加工、储存、流通销售等方面梳理农产品质量安全的政策法规、行业标准将有助于我国农业的健康发展。

发展休闲农业 开发和拓展农业功能

休闲农业是利用田园景观,自然生态及环境资源,结合农林牧渔生产,农业经营活动,农村文化及农家生活开展的供人们休闲娱乐,体验"三农"生活的新型经营活动。休闲农业具有乡土风情、自然生物、社会服务和文化多样性的特点。发展休闲农业对于提高农业附加值,推动农村经济结构调整,增加农民收入,分流农村剩余劳动力,提高农村文明程度都具有重要意义。本文分析了现阶段我国休闲农业还存在特色不浓、服务滞后、品味不高和管理不善等问题,提出了发展休闲农业,开发和拓展农业功能的对策建议:即项目论证要从市场定位和区位选择入手;走可持续发展之路;政府要进行宏观调控,理顺管理体制;遵循社会主义市场经济规律。

基于WebGIS的农业决策支持系统及其应用

在农业资源信息共享的基础上 ,分析了农业宏观决策支持系统的必要性和重要意义 ,建立了一个基于Web GIS的农业宏观决策支持系统原型 。