Agro-food Quality and Safety Based on Agro-ecological Compensation

Reflection of the rise of agro-food production costs is analyzed based on the introduction of the quality safety situation of agricultural products in China.Firstly,rise of production costs caused by the demarcation of prohibited areas;secondly,rise of production costs caused by using environment-friendly agricultural inputs;thirdly,rise of production costs caused by quality control;fourthly,rise of production costs caused by product identification.The ecological compensation mechanism which is beneficial to agro-food quality safety is set up according to the principle "the one who is benefited compensates".Firstly,laws and regulations of agricultural production compensation are to be actively perfected.Secondly,experience of developed countries can be borrowed to establish a fiscal transfer payment system of production compensation.Thirdly,ecological agriculture is to be developed to produce products with safety and excellent quality.Since agro-ecological compensation can make up for the costs paid for protecting agro-ecological environment and producing safe agro-products by agro-food producers and is beneficial to motivating producers' initiative,compensation is made for agricultural producers from compensation objects,compensation scope and compensation mechanism to improve the quality safety level of agricultural products.

Quality Changes and Safety Evaluation of Ready-to-Eat Roasted Antarctic Krill(Euphausia superba)During Storage at Room Temperature(25℃)

The objective of this study was to determine the quality changes and shelf life of ready-to-eat roasted Antarctic krill,either untreated(CT)or treated with sodium diacetate(SD)or sodium diacetate and a deoxidizer(SDD),during storage at room temperature(25℃)by using sensory,physiochemical,and microbial assessment.Additionally,fluoride accumulation in this food product was used to evaluate its safety.Analysis showed that the addition of SD and SDD resulted in better sensory scores compared of that of CT samples(P<0.05).Accordingly,microorganism growth and total basic nitrogen(TVB-N)were maintained at a low level for the duration of storage with SD and SDD treatments.The total viable counts of SD and SDD reached(4.58±0.08)log(CFU g^(−1))and(4.20±0.11)log(CFUg^(−1)),respectively.The mold was found after 6 and 18 days for SD and SDD treatment,and the numbers reached 5.2×10^(6) and 8.5×10^(4) respectively at the end of shelf life.The TVB-N values from CT continuously increased during the whole storage.While TVB-N values from SD and SDD remained significantly less change(P<0.05)during the early 20 days of the storage,and the values reached(12.11±0.07)mg(100 g)^(−1) and(10.88±0.15)mg(100 g)^(−1) on day 33 and day 70,respectively.Importantly,SDD treatment effectively minimized the oxidation values and retained the color of ready-to-eat roasted Antarctic krill.Our results showed that the shelf life of ready-to-eat roasted Antarctic krill treated with SDD was extended by up to 52 days.Additionally,rats fed ready-to-eat roasted Antarctic krill showed accumulation of fluoride exclusively in the thighbone.The accumulation of fluoride residues in the thighbone showed concentration-dependent.The concentrations of fluoride residues in rats were(1760.03±38.21),(2371.52±42.15)mgkg^(−1) and(3615.44±30.53)mgkg^(−1),which were less than sodium fluoride feeding group(4621.01±28.67)mgkg^(−1).The results suggested that the SD and SDD treatments led to better quality and shelf life extension of ready-to-eat roasted Antarctic krill during storage at room temperature(25℃).Therefore,the ready-to-eat roasted Antarctic krill can be of great interest to the seafood industry.

Main Problems and Countermeasures of Chinese Chive Quality and Safety in China

In recent years,the problem of pesticide residues in Chinese chives has attracted widespread attention from society.This paper comprehensively analyzed the production and planting situation,quality and safety status and changes in pesticide standards of Chinese chives,and deeply discussed the main quality and safety problems of Chinese chives and their causes.On this basis,it was proposed to improve the quality and safety level of Chinese chives from three aspects:improving limit standards,promoting green production prevention and control techniques,and strengthening supervision on input products.

Safety and Quality Control Management Strategy for Urban Railway Engineering Construction

The safety management of urban railway engineering construction involves many different aspects and a wide scope,playing an important role in guaranteeing the safety of construction projects.Management agencies have more stringent requirements on the quality of railway construction.The overall quality of a construction project should meet the construction requirements before the project can be carried out.In this article,the problems in the actual work of the entire life cycle of safety management are explained,and the lessons and experience pertaining to the safety and quality of urban railway construction projects are discussed.The purpose of this paper is to provide references for the management of urban railway construction.

Analysis of Building Construction Quality Control and Safety Management

Quality control and safety management are two very important contents in building construction project management.Once the construction quality is not up to standard or a safety accident occurs,the economic benefits of the project will be severely impacted.However,there are still some problems in the quality and safety management of the project.In this paper the problems in construction quality control and safety management are analyzed,and effective countermeasures are put forward,in hopes to help improve construction quality and safety.

A holistic strategy for quality and safety control of traditional Chinese medicines by the “iVarious” standard system

An effective quality control system is the key to ensuring the quality, safety and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs). However, the current quality standard research lacks top-level design and systematic design,mostly based on specific technologies or evaluation methods. To resolve the challenges and questions of quality control of TCMs, a brand-new quality standard system, named "iVarious", was proposed. The system comprises eight elements in a modular format. Meaning of every element was specifically illustrated via corresponding research instances. Furthermore, frankincense study was taken as an example for demonstrating standards and research process, based on the "i Various" system. This system highlighted a holistic strategy for effectiveness,security, integrity and systematization of quality and safety control standards of TCMs. The establishment of"i Various" integrates multi-disciplinary technologies and progressive methods, basis elements and key points of standard construction. The system provides a novel idea and technological demonstration for regulation establishment of TCMs quality standards.

Water quality, agriculture and food safety in China:Current situation, trends, interdependencies, and management

Water quality in China is becoming a severe challenge for agriculture and food safety, and it might also impact health of population via agriculture and food. Thus, it is causing widespread concern. Based on extensive literatures review and data mining, current situation of water pollution in China and its effects on food safety were analyzed. The 2nd National Water Resource Survey in China show that the surface water all over the country was under slight pollution and about 60% of groundwater is polluted. Drinking water quality is basically guaranteed in urban area but it is worrisome in rural areas. In addition, China is the largest consumer of fertilizer and pesticide in the world and the amounts of application still show increasing trends. Fertilizers and pesticides are the most important sources of pollution, which affect human health as persistent organic pollutants and environmental endocrine disruptors. Eutrophication of surface water and nitrate pollution of groundwater are serious threats to drinking water safety. Sewage irrigation is becoming a pollution source to China＇s water and land because of lacking of effective regulations. Although, with the advance in technology and management level, control of nitrogen and phosphorus emissions and reducing water pollution is still a major challenge for China.

Evaluation of the safety and quality of day-case cataract surgery based on 4151 cases

AIM: To evaluate the safety, quality and prospects of day-case cataract surgery performed in a Jiangsu public tertiary hospital METHODS: The general and clinical data for patients who underwent day-case cataract surgery between August 1, 2014 and December 31, 2016 at this hospital were collected. The incidences of intraoperative and postoperative complications, preoperative and postoperative bestcorrected visual acuities(BCVAs), delayed discharge rate, rate of unplanned re-admission to hospital, and patient satisfaction were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 4151 patients received cataract phacoemulsification surgery to correct age-related, congenital, traumatic, or complicated cataracts. Of these, age-related cataracts were the most frequently occurring. Patient age ranged from 18 to 101 y and the vast majority of patients were between 60 and 80 years old. Of the 4151 patients, 64.73%(2687/4151) had a systemic disease. The number of patients increased over the years, with the average number of patients per month being 90.4, 124.83, and 183.42 in 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively. The average preoperative BCVA was 0.102±0.057 and average postoperative BCVAs at 1 d, 1 wk, and 1 mo post surgery were 0.453±0.264, 0.657±0.285, and 0.734±0.244, respectively. For intraoperative complications, 4.12%(171/4151) had posterior capsule rupture, 0.79%(33/4151) had iris or ciliary body injury, and 0.048%(2/4151) had suprachoroidal hemorrhage. For postoperative complications, 4.38%(182/4151) had cornea edema, 7.78%(323/4151) had intraocular hypertension, 0.096%(4/4151) had IOL toxicity syndrome, 0.28%(12/4151) had retained lens cortex, and 0.048%(2/4151) had hyphema. The delayed discharge rate was 0.82%(44/4151) and the unplanned re-admission to the hospital was 0(0/4151). The patient satisfaction rate was 91.42%(3795/4151). CONCLUSION: Day-case cataract surgery is safe and effective with good prospects for development.

Edible agro-products quality and safety in China

Ensuring an acceptable level of edible agro-products quality and safety is necessary to provide adequate protection for con- sumers. It is the first time that we analyzed the edible agro-products quality and safety issues in the supply chain, including production, processing, circulation, and consumption. The results indicate that the agro-products quality and safety levels improves steadily, and the supervision system and standardization system are both enhanced significantly, however, certain challenges still remain in each stage of the supply chain and the entire supervision process. Finally, five recommendations regarding four aspects （production, processing, circulation, and consumption） are concluded.

Analysis of the application and practice of PDCA cycle in management of the naked medicine dispensing——the quality and safety of the drug

Objective:To explore the application of plan–do–check–action(PDCA)cycle in the management of the naked medicine dispensing about the automatic package and to analyze the practice improved in the quality of naked medicine dispensing medicine management.Methods:The PDCA theory was used to analyze the data,to find out the causes of the problem,and to formulate the corresponding countermeasures to intervene.The data of the naked medicine/adverse drug events satisfaction degree of the inpatients in 18 inpatient departments given for the adoption of PDCA cycle in January 2017 were set as the observation group.The number of the naked medicine/adverse drug events satisfaction degree of patients in 18 inpatient departments before adoption of PDCA cycle in December 2016 was set as the control group.The number of the naked medicine/adverse drug events satisfaction degree of patients in 18 inpatient departments before and after adoption of PDCA cycle was observed and analyzed.Results:The number of the naked medicine/adverse drug events after implementing the method of PDCA cycle management rate was significantly lower than before the implementation method of PDCA cycle management,and the difference had statistical significance(P<0.05).The satisfaction degree of the inpatients after implementing the method of PDCA cycle management rate was significantly higher than that before the implementation method of PDCA cycle management,and the difference had statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusion:Application of PDCA cycle in the management of the naked medicine dispensing about the automatic package can help to reduce the adverse drug events,to improve the safety of drug treatment,and to increase the patients’satisfaction degree.

Processing,Quality,Safety,and Acceptance of Meat Analogue Products

Rapid global population growth has caused an increasing need for products containing protein.Meat products are the most common high-protein food source,but impact the environment,cause animal welfare issues,and raise public health concerns.Consumer health and food safety are paramount to the food industry.Both the scientists and food industry are actively seeking plant proteins to substitute for animal-sourced proteins.Plant proteins have a well-balanced amino acid composition,and exhibit great potential for replacing meat via the development of healthy,high-protein,low-saturated fat,cholesterol-free,and nutritionally similar meat-like products.Generally,meat analogue formulations are specially designed and processing conditions are optimized to obtain the texture and bite of real animal meat.This article focuses on plant-based meat analogues,and covers aspects regarding processing,products,quality,and nutritional and structural modifications.Product safety consciousness and consumer acceptance are also discussed.Challenges and perspectives for future research concerning nonmeat products are presented.

Analysis of Supply Chain Model of Agricultural Products and Quality Safety——A Case Study of Heilongjiang Province

This paper analyses the supply chain models of four types of agricultural products,namely fruits and vegetables,poultry,aquatic products and dairy,and the food safety problems arising from the links of supply chain.In view of different models,corresponding suggestions are put forward to ensure the quality safety of agricultural products in Heilongjiang Province.

Study on the Problems and Countermeasure in the Animal Products Quality and Safety

As the supply chain of animal products is long,there are many factors which would influence the quality safety of animal production.Therefore,by focusing on the present and having a vision for future,Jiaozuo government promulgated Ten Polices on the Food Safety in Jiaozuo City,which pushed forward the technological development,intensified measures to monitor the quality of animal products,set up a series of mechanism,and provided reference for the food quality and safety monitoring.

The Current Situation of Quality Supervision and Production Safety of Aquatic Products in Nanjing City

In recent years, the work of quality supervision and production safety of aquatic products in Nanjing City has been carried out rapidly, and the system of "origin exit, market access, sign traceability, real-time monitoring" has been basically formed, initially realizing the whole-process monitoring on the quality safety of aquatic products from "pond to table". We take the current situation of quality supervision and production safety of aquatic products in Nanjing City as the study object, take the basic work of supervision on aquatic products in Nanjing City and advancing both in scope and in depth as breakthrough point, to sum up the results achieved in the work of quality supervision and production safety of aquatic products in Nanjing City in recent years; make initial exploration and research, in order to consolidate the existing achievements, and further enhance the level of supervision on quality safety of aquatic products in Nanjing City.

Advances and Strategies for Controlling the Quality and Safety of Postharvest Fruit

Fresh fruits are highly valued by consumers worldwide,owing to their delicious flavors,abundant nutrients,and health-promoting characteristics,and as such,fruits make up an important component of a healthy diet.The postharvest quality and safety of fresh fruit involve complex interactions among the fruit,environmental factors,and postharvest pathogens.Efficient regulation of fruit senescence and pathogen resistance,as well as disease-causing abilities of postharvest pathogens,is critical to understanding the fundamental mechanisms that underlie fruit quality and safety.This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advances and currently available strategies for maintaining fruit quality and controlling major postharvest pathogens,mainly Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum,which may promote sustainable and environmental-friendly development of the fruit industry.

Objectives and Strategies of Online Public Opinion Analysis on Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products

Agriculture is the foundation of the national economic development and is the basic production and living of human society.In recent years,the development of Internet technology provides information sharing platform for people,and more and more people begin to pay close attention to the dynamic of agricultural production and related industries,especially the quality and safety of agricultural products,much attention has been paid to safety issues.In view of its importance and closeness to the daily life of the public,it is necessary to pay great attention to the mass public opinions on the quality and safety of agricultural products,find out the crux of the problem through scientific research and judgment,and respond to the public questions in a timely manner.In this way,the value of relevant public opinion information can be utilized to provide an important basis for relevant departments to make correct decisions.

Advantages,Difficulties and Countermeasures of Farmers’ Professional Cooperatives Guaranteeing the Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products

Food safety concerns the health of consumers,while quality and safety of agricultural products are the source of food safety,and it is of great significance to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products.The decentralized production mode of Chinese farmers is the main threat to the source of food production safety in China.In this paper,the advantages of Chinese farmers'professional cooperatives in controlling quality of agricultural products and difficulties in the quality and safety assurance of agricultural products are analyzed.Finally,the guaranteeing measures of the quality and safety of agricultural products by Chinese farmers'professional cooperatives are proposed.

Safety and Quality of Care Evaluation in Japanese Long-Term Facilities Focused on the Activity Condition and Cognitive Function of Residents

Objective: Currently, standards for evaluating long-term care facilities do not exist in Japan. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of healthcare services in Japan’s long-term care facilities and identify the structural and process indicators associated with the facilities’ outcome indicators. Methods: This retrospective study assessed changes in residents’ abilities to participate in physical activities, their cognitive function, and their vulnerability to injuries. From 2012 to 2013, we collected information on the healthcare services at 1067 long-term care facilities registered with Japan’s Welfare, Health and Medical Care Information Network in the Welfare and Medical Service Agency. We examined 12 structural indicators, 26 process indicators, and 7 outcome indicators. We used multivariate linear regression models adjusted to analyze relationships between outcome indicators and structural or process indicators. Results: Residents’ activity and cognitive function indicators either improved by 80% - 90% or were maintained for one year. The Geriatric Functional Independence Measures, the Barthel Index, and holding conferences related to care were all considered activities of daily living. Three adverse events—tumbles and falls, behavioral problems, and aimless wandering or leaving the facility without permission—were factors that restricted residents’ behavior and number of residents per care staff member. Conclusions: Maintaining or improving levels of independence and cognition in daily living requires a care process system that enables ongoing monitoring of residents’ activities of daily living and cognitive functioning. Ensuring the safety of residents and improving the quality of care in long-term care facilities without securing adequate care staff are not possible.

The Role of Whole-Process Quality Management Mode in the Self-Protection and Safety of First-Line Medical Staff of COVID-19

At present, the COVID-19 has spread all over the world. In the face of sudden outbreak, it has brought great challenges to the management of nosocomial infection prevention and control. In this battle, how to do well the prevention and control of hospital epidemic situation scientifically and reasonably is the key to hospital management and an important link to ensure the safety of first-line medical staff. Through the clinical practice of our hospital to combat the COVID-19 epidemic situation, we summarize the key points and functions of quality management, and provide management strategies for domestic and foreign countries.

Impact of related subjects' behavior on agricultural products' quality safety

With the frequent occurrence of agricultural product safety incidents in recent years, the agricultural products' quality safety has become more and more concerned by the people. The relevant subjects are the direct relationship with the quality safety of agricultural products, and play a key role in ensuring the quality safety of agricultural products. This paper analyzes the behavior performance of production subject, circulation subject, consumption subject, supervision subject on agricultural products' quality safety, and puts forward the following countermeasures to improve the quality safety of agricultural products according to their behavior performance: to regulate the production of agricultural products, to strengthen the management and control agricultural inputs, to improve the safety supervision system of agricultural products, to accelerate the development of new circulation subject, to actively cultivate and develop new types agricultural business, to accelerate the process of agricultural scale management, to establish the multiple supervision subject, and to make up the regulatory loopholes.