Development and Validation of Integrated Nutrient Management Practices of Industrial Processing Varieties: Asterix and Courage in Bangladesh

An experiment was meticulously conducted at the research field of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh, during the 2011-2012 potato growing season to develop integrated crop management practices for the potato seed production of industrial processing varieties Asterix and Courage. Significantly, higher growth and yield parameters were found in the BADC-recommended practice. Later, another experiment was conducted to validate the BADC practice during the 2013-2014 potato growing season in two locations in Bangladesh. Results showed that the production of tuber per hill, tuber weight per hill as well as gross tuber yield per plot, higher proportion of storable seed tubers, and more quality seed potatoes (A-grade and B-grade) seed tubers were found significantly higher in the “BADC developed practice” compared to other treatments. Viral diseases (PLRV and PVY) prevalence was lower in “BADC developed practice”. Moreover, “BADC developed practice” contributed more economic yield by minimizing input cost compared to “Munshiganj advanced farmers’ practice”. Therefore, the “BADC developed practice” was found “superior” regarding yield, quality, and profitability in seed potato production of industrial varieties—Asterix and Courage in Bangladesh.

Automated Angle Detection for Industrial Production Lines Using Combined Image Processing Techniques

Angle detection is a crucial aspect of industrial automation,ensuring precise alignment and orientation ofcomponents in manufacturing processes.Despite the widespread application of computer vision in industrialsettings,angle detection remains an underexplored domain,with limited integration into production lines.Thispaper addresses the need for automated angle detection in industrial environments by presenting a methodologythat eliminates training time and higher computation cost on Graphics Processing Unit(GPU)from machinelearning in computer vision(e.g.,Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)).Our approach leverages advanced imageprocessing techniques and a strategic combination of algorithms,including contour selection,circle regression,polar warp transformation,and outlier detection,to provide an adaptive solution for angle detection.By configuringthe algorithm with a diverse dataset and evaluating its performance across various objects,we demonstrate itsefficacy in achieving reliable results,with an average error of only 0.5 degrees.Notably,this error margin is 3.274times lower than the acceptable threshold.Our study highlights the importance of accurate angle detection inindustrial settings and showcases the reliability of our algorithm in accurately determining angles,thus contributingto improved manufacturing processes.

Intelligent Manufacturing for the Process Industry Driven by Industrial Artificial Intelligence

Based on the analysis of the characteristics and operation status of the process industry,as well as the development of the global intelligent manufacturing industry,a new mode of intelligent manufacturing for the process industry,namely,deep integration of industrial artificial intelligence and the Industrial Internet with the process industry,is proposed.This paper analyzes the development status of the existing three-tier structure of the process industry,which consists of the enterprise resource planning,the manufacturing execution system,and the process control system,and examines the decision-making,control,and operation management adopted by process enterprises.Based on this analysis,it then describes the meaning of an intelligent manufacturing framework and presents a vision of an intelligent optimal decision-making system based on human–machine cooperation and an intelligent autonomous control system.Finally,this paper analyzes the scientific challenges and key technologies that are crucial for the successful deployment of intelligent manufacturing in the process industry.

Investigation into the Methodology and Implementation of Life Cycle Engineering under China’s Carbon Reduction Target in the Process Industry

The industrial sector is the primary source of carbon emissions in China.In pursuit of meeting its carbon reduction targets,China aims to promote resource consumption sustainability,reduce energy consumption,and achieve carbon neutrality within its processing industries.An effective strategy to promote energy savings and carbon reduction throughout the life cycle of materials is by applying life cycle engineering technology.This strategy aims to attain an optimal solution for material performance,resource consumption,and environmental impact.In this study,five types of technologies were considered:raw material replacement,process reengineering,fuel replacement,energy recycling and reutilization,and material recycling and reutilization.The meaning,methodology,and development status of life cycle engineering technology abroad and domestically are discussed in detail.A multidimensional analysis of ecological design was conducted from the perspectives of resource and energy consumption,carbon emissions,product performance,and recycling of secondary resources in a manufacturing process.This coupled with an integrated method to analyze carbon emissions in the entire life cycle of a material process industry was applied to the nonferrous industry,as an example.The results provide effective ideas and solutions for achieving low or zero carbon emission production in the Chinese industry as recycled aluminum and primary aluminum based on advanced technologies had reduced resource consumption and emissions as compared to primary aluminum production.

Applications of Microfluidization and High Pressure Processing in Food Industry and the Effect of Them on Food Products

With the development of technology, several new processing techniques are being introduced for the food industry. By applying those novel techniques to food systems, it has been found that the structural and functional properties of food could be altered. Microfluidization which is also known as high pressure homogenization is one of the novel technologies that could be applied in food industry to obtain many beneficial outcomes. High pressure processing is another novel technique that is mainly playing the microbicidal effect. This work is concerned on the possibility of using microfluidization and high pressure processing in food industry based on the experimental findings. These techniques could be used as useful tools in the field of food science and technology.

The Rice Processing Industry in Nepal: Constraints and Opportunities

A rice mill survey covering diverse rice processing companies in terms of their milling output, type of technology and year of establishment was conducted to understand the current situation of the rice milling industry and to identify enablers and barriers to its growth in Nepal. Coarse rice varieties dominate Nepal’s rice processing industry, with a 42% share by total weight, followed by medium rice (34%) and fine varieties (less than 7%). Polished white rice (Arwa) was the dominant rice type in Nepal in the survey, followed by parboiled and steamed rice. The price and profit margins increased from coarse to fine rice varieties and from Arwa to parboiled and steamed rice. The cost of milling also followed a similar trend. The rice milling industry in Nepal largely influences the adoption or non-adoption of any specific type of rice variety by dictating specific brands in the market and this has important implications for rice research and development. The rice processing industry of Nepal was unable to compete with the Indian rice milling industry because of: 1) low profit margins due to the high cost of rice production and procurement, 2) a lack of economies of scale, 3) a lack of milling technologies for long and extra-long and steamed rice in the country and a lack of investment to modernize rice milling technology, and 4) unavailability of paddy throughout the year locally. Millers were willing to upgrade their rice milling technology to include high throughput parboiling, steamed rice as well as long and extra-long grain rice. This will be a strategic decision in counteracting the ever-increasing rice imports in Nepal. We believe that the findings of the study will be vital for formulating an appropriate rice research, development and rice processing strategy for Nepal to achieve food and nutritional security and the Sustainable Development Goals.

Operational Performance Evaluation of Corn Processing Industry Technological Innovation Alliance Based on Survey Data in Heilongjiang Province

This paper selected the corn processing industry technology innovation alliance in Heilongjiang Province as the research object, evaluated the operational performance of the alliance by using analytic hierarchy process(AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation methods. AHP empirical results showed that the satisfaction of information communication and the satisfaction of the management process were the weakest. And the order from high to low on the level of indicators of the impact for the alliance was the result of alliance operations and the process of alliance operations, the behavioral attitude of alliance members. Besides, the results of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation showed that the operational performance of the corn processing industry technology innovation alliance in Heilongjiang Province was in the general level.

Competitiveness Analysis of Processing Industry Cluster of Livestock Products in Inner Mongolia Based on "Diamond Model"

Using Michael Porter's "diamond model", based on regional development characteristics, we conduct analysis of the competitiveness of processing industry cluster of livestock products in Inner Mongolia from six aspects (the factor conditions, demand conditions, corporate strategy, structure and competition, related and supporting industries, government and opportunities). And we put forward the following rational recommendations for improving the competitiveness of processing industry cluster of livestock products in Inner Mongolia: (i) The government should increase capital input, focus on supporting processing industry of livestock products, and give play to the guidance and aggregation effect of financial funds; (ii) In terms of enterprises, it is necessary to vigorously develop leading enterprises, to give full play to the cluster effect of the leading enterprises.

Development Situation and Strategy Analysis of Waxy Corn Processing Industry in Chongqing Municipality

With the development of society and economy and increasing awareness of people's diet and health care,the demand for waxy corn and its processed products has been rising. At present,the planting of waxy corn in Chongqing is taking shape,but the waxy corn processing is still in the initial stage with smaller enterprise scale and fewer processing product variety. Based on the analysis of the development advantages and disadvantages of waxy corn processing industry in Chongqing,this paper brings forward the development ideas and strategies of Chongqing waxy corn processing industry from three aspects of production,processing and policy.

Factor and Cluster Analysis on the Competitiveness of Agri-food Processing Industry in China

This paper establishes 13 evaluation indicators for the competitiveness of agri-food processing industry,uses factor analysis to evaluate the competitiveness of agri-food processing industry in 31 provinces(cities,autonomous regions)of China,and does cluster analysis to divide these regions into several categories according to the difference in competitiveness,in order to understand the level of competitiveness of agri-food processing industry in China.

From the Current Industrial Stage to the Industry 4.0： Transformation Processes and Case Analysis of the FESTO Company

Despite of the acceleration of investments and the expansion of countries towards the Industry 4.0, companies have difficulties in planning the transition processes and implementation of the scenarios of Industry 4.0. To benefit from the Industry Approach 4.0, it is necessary to take technological and organizational transition processes into account, since the phenomenon involves interoperability between humans; between humans and machines; and between machines and production. This paper proposes to examine the transformation processes of the current industrial model to the Industry 4.0 model of FESTO AG, in addition to the framework proposition for the analysis of transformation processes for Industry 4.0. Through the face-to-face interviews and the institutional materials of FESTO, it was observed that the company inserted in its strategy of products and innovation the concept of Industry 4.0. To do so, FESTO planned and built a new production plant based on connectivity, sustainability, and collaborative environment, especially between man and machine. To support this orientation, FESTO has strengthened its technological base, culture, training of its productive, commercial, and management teams.

Investigation of Heavy Metals and Radionuclide’s Impact on Environment Due to The Waste Products of Different Iron Processing Industries in Chittagong, Bangladesh

The waste products, such as induction furnace slag, ladle furnace slag, air pollution control dust, and ramming mass collected from major iron processing industries in Chittagong, Bangladesh were analyzed for heavy metals and naturally radioactive elements. The concentrations of heavy metals Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Cd, Ni, Pb, Cu and Zn were obtained from atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) analysis with flame atomizer and the radioactivities due to 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were determined using high purity germanium (HPGe) detector of well shielded gamma-ray counting system. From the mean specific activities of the above three natural radionuclides in the investigated samples, the radium equivalent activity (Raeq) and the external hazard index (Hex) were calculated. The study showed the prospect of contamination of environmental materials (viz., soil, water, air, plant) due to many of these investigated elements by using the collected waste products in landfill. The chemical process of ion exchange indicates that the elevated heavy metals in soil can play a role to increase the natural radioactivity of the soil. The obtained Raeq as well as Hex indicated the insignificant radiation hazard due to the activities of primordial radionuclides found in the investigated samples.

Analysis on Development Characteristics of Agricultural Product Processing Industry under the New Normal

From the beginning of the 21^(st)century to 2013,the economic income of main business of agricultural products processing enterprises in China had maintained above double digits for a long time.The current traditional high-speed growth will be transformed to high-quality,mediumhigh-speed development,and the development trend is in line with economic laws and macro situation characteristics.With the acceleration of spa-tial distribution and cluster development of agricultural processing industry,the late-mover advantages in the central and western regions of China are gradually emerging.With the support of Internet+and e-commerce online shopping platforms,the integrative development with related industries has been deepened.Led by the new concept of green development,the demand of processing industry of green,healthy,specific functional food(such as diabetes,hypertension and other specific groups)is booming.In the aspect of development strategy,it is appropriate to build multivariate information service platform,improve the technical cooperation platform,and provide software and hardware facilities for further development of agricultural product processing industry.Combined with local economic development advantages,resource advantages and industrial advantages and other factors,the way of differentiation,regionalization and characterization should be taken according to local conditions and following the law,so as to energize the rural revitalization.

Effective technology for processing industrial volatile organic compounds by the atmospheric pressure microwave plasma torch

In this study,we investigated the abatement of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)by the atmospheric pressure microwave plasma torch(AMPT).To study the treatment efficiency of AMPT,we used the toluene and water-based varnish to simulate VOCs,respectively.By measuring the compounds and contents of the mixture gas before/after the microwave plasma process,we have calculated the treatment efficiency of AMPT.The experimental results show that the treatment efficiency of AMPT for toluene with a concentration of 17.32×10^(4) ppm is up to 60 g/kWh with the removal rate of 86%.For the volatile compounds of water-based varnish,the removal efficiency is up to 97.99%.We have demonstrated the higher potential for VOCs removal of the AMPT process.

Industrial High Pressure Processing of Foods： Review of Evolution and Emerging Trends

High Pressure Processing （HPP）, in the range of 200 MPa to 600 MPa/29,000 psi to 87,000 psi, is the most advanced emerging non-thermal processing technology for food. The constant improvements of high pressure equipment concerning productivity and production costs have facilitated the increase of industrial uses of the technology. This paper reviews some of these advances in high pressure food processing including development of new functional beverages the new value proposals being offered by copackers substitution of traditional thermal techniques for novel product manufacturing and refrigerated services suppliers. Substitution of thermal treatments for meat processing and tenderisation of low value meat cuts.

Study on Innovation System and Innovation Strategy of Chinese Agricultural Product Processing Industry

The agricultural product processing industry is the inevitable choice for the agriculture to realize the industrialization, integration and modernization. Although the agricultural product processing industry has become the bright point in Chinese economy development, the whole development level falls behind the developed countries. The thesis brings up that the inherent reasons that Chinese agricultural product processing industry falls behind is that Chinese agricultural product processing industry has not an integrated industrial innovation system and has not a proper innovation strategy. So this thesis deeply discusses how to construct innovation system of Chinese agricultural product processing industry and puts forward the innovation strategy in order to improve the technology innovation capability and the development level.

Whole-Process Pollution Control for Cost-Effective and Cleaner Chemical Production A Case Study of the Tungsten Industry in China

In this research,a methodology named whole-process pollution control(WPPC)is demonstrated that improves the effectiveness of process optimization.This methodology considers waste/emission treatment as a step of the whole production process with respect to the minimization of cost and environmental impact for the whole process.The following procedures are introduced in a WPPC process optimization:①a material and energy flow investigation and optimization based on a systematic understanding of the distribution and physiochemical properties of potential pollutants;②a process optimization to increase the utilization efficiency of different elements and minimize pollutant emissions;and③an evaluation to reveal the effectiveness of the optimization strategies.The production of ammonium paratungstate was chosen for the case study.Two factors of the different optimization schemes-namely the cost-effectiveness factor and the environmental impact indicator-were evaluated and compared.This research demonstrates that by considering the nature of potential pollutants,technological innovations,economic viability,environmental impacts,and regulation requirements,WPPC can efficiently optimize a metal production process.

Reaction Process of Chromium Slag Reduced by Industrial Waste in Solid Phase

M, a particular industrial waste, was selected to detoxify chromium slag at a high temperature. The carbon remaining in M reduced Cr （ Ⅳ ） of Na2 CrO4 borne in the chromium slag to Cr （ Ⅲ ） in the solid phase reaction, and its thermodynamics and kinetics were studied. The reduction process of Na2CrO4 by carbon produced CO, whiCh＇was endothermic. Under the experimental condition, the apparent activation energy was 4. 41 kJ·mol^-1 , the＇apparent order of reaction for Na2 CrO4 was equal to one, and the partial pressure of CO was only 0.22 Pa at 1 330℃.

Fundamental Theories and Key Technologies for Smart andOptimal Manufacturing in the Process Industry

Given the significant requirements for transforming and promoting the process industry, we present themajor limitations of current petrochemical enterprises, including limitations in decision-making, produc-tion operation, efficiency and security, information integration, and so forth. To promote a vision of theprocess industry with efficient, green, and smart production, modern information technology should beutilized throughout the entire optimization process for production, management, and marketing. To focuson smart equipment in manufacturing processes, as well as on the adaptive intelligent optimization of themanufacturing process, operating mode, and supply chain management, we put forward several key scien-tific problems in engineering in a demand-driven and application-oriented manner, namely：intelligentsensing and integration of all process information, including production and management information; collaborative decision-making in the supply chain, industry chain, and value chain, driven by knowledge; cooperative control and optimization of plant-wide production processes via human-cyber-physical in-teraction; and Q life-cycle assessments for safety and environmental footprint monitoring, in addition totracing analysis and risk control. In order to solve these limitations and core scientific problems, we furtherpresent fundamental theories and key technologies for smart and optimal manufacturing in the processindustry. Although this paper discusses the process industry in China, the conclusions in this paper can beextended to the larocess industry around the world.

Opportunities and Challenges of Artificial Intelligence for Green Manufacturing in the Process Industry

Smart manufacturing is critical in improving the quality of the process industry. In smart manufacturing, there is a trend to incorporate different kinds of new-generation information technologies into process- safety analysis. At present, green manufacturing is facing major obstacles related to safety management, due to the usage of large amounts of hazardous chemicals, resulting in spatial inhomogeneity of chemical industrial processes and increasingly stringent safety and environmental regulations. Emerging informa- tion technologies such as arti cial intelligence (AI) are quite promising as a means of overcoming these dif culties. Based on state-of-the-art AI methods and the complex safety relations in the process industry, we identify and discuss several technical challenges associated with process safety: ① knowledge acquisition with scarce labels for process safety;② knowledge-based reasoning for process safety;③ accurate fusion of heterogeneous data from various sources;and ④ effective learning for dynamic risk assessment and aided decision-making. Current and future works are also discussed in this context.