Air cushion furnace technology for heat treatment of high quality aluminum alloy auto body sheet

The process characteristics of heat treatment of aluminum alloy auto body sheet and the working principle of air cushion furnace were introduced.The process position and irreplaceable role of air cushion furnace in the aluminum alloy auto body sheet production was pointed out after the difficulty and key points in the whole production process of auto body sheet were studied.Then the development process of air cushion furnace line of aluminum alloy sheet was reviewed,summarized and divided to two stages.Based on the research of air cushion furnace,the key technology of it was analyzed,then the key points on process,equipment and control models of air cushion furnace for aluminum alloy auto body sheet in future were put forward.With the rapid development of automotive industry,there will be certainly a new upsurge of research and application of air cushion furnace for heat treatment of aluminum alloy auto body sheet.

Simulation study of plane motion of air cushion vehicle

This research is on horizontal plane motion equations of Air Cushion Vehicle (ACV) and its simulation. To investigate this, a lot of simulation study including ACV's voyage and turning performance has been done. It was found that the voyage simulation results were accorded with ACV own characteristic and turning simulation results were accorded with USA ACV's movement characteristic basically.

Experimental research on air film formation behavior of air cushion belt conveyor with stable load

In this paper, the air film formation behavior of air cushion belt conveyor with stable load is studied. The air cushion field is analyzed by means of theoretical derivation, numerical simulation and experimental research. An intelligent experiment platform is developed. Three dimensional pressure distribution of air film and the air film thickness distribution along the conveyor belt in the width direction are obtained. The experimental result is analyzed by comparing with theoretical calculation and numerical simulation. The numerical and theoretical results are in good agreement with those obtained from experiments. The air film formation behavior pattern of air cushion belt conveyor with stable load is presented. The optimized film thickness and pore distribution are obtained based on the comprehensive energy consumption. This study provides a basis for the optimization design of air cushion belt conveyor.

A Study of Maneuvering Control for an Air Cushion Vehicle Based on Back Propagation Neural Network

A back propagation （BP） neural network mathematical model was established to investigate the maneuvering control of an air cushion vehicle （ACV）. The calculation was based on four-freedom-degree model experiments of hydrodynamics and aerodynamics. It is necessary for the ACV to control the velocity and the yaw rate as well as the velocity angle at the same time. The yaw rate and the velocity angle must be controlled correspondingly because of the whipping, which is a special characteristic for the ACV. The calculation results show that it is an efficient way for the ACV＇s maneuvering control by using a BP neural network to adjust PID parameters online.

Four-Degree-of-Freedom Course Stability of an Air Cushion Vehicle

A four-degree-of-freedom mathematical model was established to investigate the course stability of an air cushion vehicle (ACV). The forces of aerodynamic,propeller and rudder were obtained by wind tunnel experiments. A series of constrained model experiments with horizontal-planar-motion-mechanism (HPMM) were conducted to determine the hydrodynamics. The ACV's course stability was analyzed by using Hurwitz deter-mination method with differential equation of perturbation,and the four-degree-of-freedom course stability was then checked by simulated calculation. The analysis and simulation results show that the course stability of fourdegree-of-freedom is applicable to ACV and is stricter than that of two-degree-of-freedom.

Sea Keeping Analysis of Air Cushion Vehicle with Different Wave Angles under the Operation Resistance

The air cushion vehicle (ACV) sea keeping characteristic under different wave directions with the operation resistance is discussed with the couples of the heave, pitch roll motion and the pressure of the cushion. In previous researches, only wave and cross wave direction were discussed. Then a Matlab program is made to calculate the united frequency responses of heave, pitch and roll amplitude of the craft, under different wave frequencies and different wave directions. The results of the research depict some dangerous situations under which the sympathetic vibration happens in heave, pitch and roll motion and the amplitudes are extremely higher than those under the ordinary conditions. These results will be helpful in ACV design and operation.

Optimization and Aerodynamic Characteristics of New Air-Cushion Nozzle of Floating Furnace for Automobile Body Sheet

It is very important to develop new air-cushion nozzles so as to raise the heat treatment property of aluminum alloy automobile body sheet(ABS). A geometric model of air-cushion furnace equipment of ABS was built up and flow field was simulated by using k-ε turbulence equations of COMSOL Multi-physics. The influence and regularity of number(n),diameter(d) and arrangement of middle hole,and main control parameters of new air-cushion nozzle on aerodynamic characteristics and flow field were studied. The results show that:1) with n increases,airflow vortexes in air-cushion area increase in multiple; d decreases or n increases,air cushion pressure(p_c) becomes uniform; 2) average of p_c is proportional to pressure in nozzle box(p_t),when n increases,ratio of average of p_c to p_t increases,and when n ≤ 3 and d < b / 2,they have little effect on ratio of p_c average to p_t; 3) when n is an even number,n ≥4,and d ≤ b/2,p_c shows good uniformity; when n is an odd number,the center hole affects p_c uniformity greatly,and,when diameter of center hole is less than b / 4 and diameter of non-center is between b / 4 and b / 2,p_c has good uniformity. A new air-cushion jet model was presented,and the deviation of this new model with simulation data and experimental measured data are less than 7.75% and 7.76%,respectively. The present research is valuable for improving air-cushion stability,Al strip temperature homogeneity,and temperature control precision.

Research of air-cushion isolation effects on high arch dam reservoir

A three-dimensional （3D） finite element model of air-cushion isolated arch dam is presented with the nonlinear gas-liquid-solid multi-field dynamic coupling effect taken into account.In this model,the displacement formulation in Lagrange method,pressure formulation in Euler method,nonlinear contact model based on Coulomb friction law are applied to the air-cushion,reservoir and contraction joint domain,respectively.The dynamic response of Jinping I arch dam with a height of 305 m is analyzed using the seismic records of the Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008.Numerical results show that the air-cushion isolation reduces significantly the hydrodynamic pressure as well as the opening width for the contraction joints of high arch dam.

基于被动动态坐姿的健康坐垫设计

目的为缓解办公人群久坐肌肉疲劳和主观不适,研究一种基于被动动态坐姿的健康坐垫并进行创新应用。方法通过研究坐姿运动解剖学,以及被动动态坐姿相关理论,提出基于气囊坐垫的被动动态坐姿实现方式。再通过坐姿实验,利用表面肌电测试仪及主观不适量表对该产品进行测试,验证设计的可行性。实验结果表明实验组中位频率(Mean Frequency,MF)变化数值大于对照组,并且除左髂肋肌以外,在右髂肋肌,以及两侧多裂肌及两侧最长肌的效应量较大(Cohen'sf>0.40),并且实验组主观不适(Perceived Discomfort,PD)变化数值小于对照组,其中在下背、臀部、坐骨、座椅边缘以及总体上呈现较大效应量(Cohen's f>0.40)。在此基础上,提出一款智能被动动态健康座椅。结论使用气囊坐垫和其被动动态工作方式可以有效缓解使用者久坐产生的肌肉疲劳和主观不适,对提高用户久坐健康及久坐舒适具有意义。

预压缩气垫包装系统静力及动力学特性研究

目的以柱形气垫包装系统为研究对象,建立静力及动力学模型,对静态压缩、自由振动和基础激励受迫振动特性进行研究。方法建立气柱压缩力数学模型,并通过试验、仿真验证模型,通过建立预压缩柱形气垫包装系统力学模型,研究静力及动力学特性。结果预压缩量和充气压力越大,包装系统固有频率越高。在包装对象宽度定值约束下,选取多个小直径气柱,固有频率更高,且薄膜应力更小。在基础激励下,包装系统固有频率处存在共振峰值,对高频域气垫表现出了较好的减振特性。结论所建立的静力压缩模型与试验、仿真结果较吻合,所建立的动力学模型合理,结果准确。

基于固-气-液耦合的气垫船水下辐射噪声数值分析

气垫船水下声辐射是复杂的船体结构-气垫-周围水体三类介质声振耦合过程,其声传递特性是气垫船声学分析中的难点。本文以某全垫升气垫船为研究对象,结合声固耦合有限元法与解析法,探究气垫船水下辐射噪声传递特性。通过建立固-气-液声固耦合有限元模型,计算机械激励与垫升风机声激励,并以试验固有频率修正数值模型;通过声透射解析公式计算空气螺旋桨、燃气轮机等设备声激励辐射的水下噪声。采用距离左、右舷1 m处线上各点的总声压级作为评价指标。结果表明:气垫船水下辐射噪声为宽带噪声;有限元法计算的水下辐射噪声在低频时集中分布于气垫-周围水体耦合面附近,随着频率的升高,水下噪声增大并逐渐呈不规则干涉状分布;空气螺旋桨等声激励直接辐射水下噪声主要为近场低频噪声,在设备声激励辐射范围内声压平均占比约为40%。本文揭示的水下辐射噪声传递特性对气垫船减振降噪具有重要指导意义。

2021年11月7—9日辽宁省极端雨雪天气分析

选用常规气象观测资料、人工加密观测资料和NCEP/NCAR格点资料,对2021年11月7—9日辽宁省极端雨雪天气进行诊断分析。结果表明:东北冷涡和地面气旋为此次极端雨雪天气的主要影响系统,对流层中低层辐合、高层辐散以及强的冷暖气流交汇,是产生极端雨雪天气的主要原因;高低空急流耦合和高空辐散抽吸作用,配合东北冷涡动力抬升作用,暖湿低空急流沿冷垫爬升,进一步加强了上升运动。暖湿急流为此次极端雨雪天气提供了充沛的水汽条件,暖湿急流的增强对应水汽辐合作用增强,配合低层冷垫和东北冷涡的动力抬升作用,对降雪有明显增幅作用;地面辐合线沿地形分布,触发了此次极端强降雪天气。地形阻挡导致地面冷空气堆积形成冷垫,是极端降雪天气发生的重要原因。温度层结差异是鞍山、岫岩雨雪相态差异的主要原因。具有冻结层特征的低层冷垫,为鞍山极端暴雪提供了有利的温度层结条件;融化层厚度和地面温度是岫岩出现冻雨的关键因素。

几何形状对气垫升力的影响研究

One of the crucial and challenging issues for researchers is presenting an appropriate approach to evaluate the aerodynamic characteristics of air cushion vehicles(ACVs)in terms of system design parameters.One of these issues includes introducing a suitable approach to analyze the effect of geometric shapes on the aerodynamic characteristics of ACVs.The main novelty of this paper lies in presenting an innovative method to study the geometric shape effect on air cushion lift force,which has not been investigated thus far.Moreover,this paper introduces a new approximate mathematical formula for calculating the air cushion lift force in terms of parameters,including the air gap,lateral gaps,air inlet velocity,and scaling factor for the first time.Thus,we calculate the aerodynamic lift force applied to nine different shapes of the air cushions used in the ACVs in the present paper through the ANSYS Fluent software.The geometrical shapes studied in this paper are rectangular,square,equilateral triangle,circular,elliptic shapes,and four other combined shapes,including circle-rectangle,circle-square,hexagonal,and fillet square.Results showed that the cushion with a circular pattern produces the highest lift force among other geometric shapes with the same conditions.The increase in the cushion lift force can be attributed to the fillet with a square shape and its increasing radius compared with the square shape.

智能化气垫带式输送机性能测试平台设计

该文设计了一种智能化气垫带式输送机性能测试平台,通过调节气室入口的风压、风速,气孔排布方式、孔径及孔间距,可探究气室气压、气膜边缘风速及气膜厚度的变化规律。平台基于可控文丘里装置的反馈系统控制气垫带式输送机的气流,实验平台可以反映输入气流参数与形成气膜参数之间的耦合关系,将抽象的相关知识具象化,加深学生对气垫式输送装备的理解。

气垫带式输送机供气方式改进

气垫带式输送机因为将传统滚动摩擦替换为空气摩擦,所以总功率应该小于普通带式输送机,然而实际中功率消耗并不小。存在原因有供风方式不合适,造成很大的能量损耗,甚至出现空载飘带现象。通过改变供风方式,可以合理控制风压和风量,使输送带能够平稳支撑并运行。在保证气室大小及形状及总流量不变,只改变入口数量的情况下,通过ANSYS分析不同供气情况下气膜的压力分布情况,结果显示分流后气膜压力显著增大。

气垫压带输送机凸弧段分析研究

垂直气垫压带输送机的技术要点为压紧力的大小和凹凸弧段气膜的承载力。凹凸弧段气室提供的气膜承载力能否满足输送要求是凹凸弧段能否使用气室替代托辊的关键。文中通过对凸弧段进行受力分析,推导出输送带张力和气膜承载力的公式,改变气孔排数,选择正压区域5排、7排、9排气孔的双圆弧气室进行仿真,比较总压压力云图和正侧压承载力。结果表明:5排气孔的双圆弧气室内流量损失减少,气膜稳定,承载力较大。

可调节俯卧位通气支架式头部气垫在重度ARDS患者中的应用

目的设计研制一种符合急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者俯卧位通气要求的支架式头部气垫,并于临床验证其应用效果。方法自行研制可调节俯卧位通气支架式头部气垫(简称头部气垫,专利号为ZL 201720526984.6)。以重症医学科收治的行俯卧位通气治疗的32例重症ARDS患者为研究对象。其中2017—2018年收治的14例患者为对照组,采用传统软枕安置进行俯卧位通气;2019—2020年收治的18例患者为观察组,采用头部气垫安置进行俯卧位通气。观察2组俯卧位通气相关并发症发生率、体位安置时间和俯卧位通气持续时间。结果2组人工气道非计划性拔管发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组人工气道非计划性阻塞、面部压力性损伤发生率低于对照组(P<0.05),体位安置时间短于对照组(P<0.05),俯卧位通气持续时间长于对照组(P<0.05)。结论采用自行研制的头部气垫,可以缩短患者体位安置时间,延长俯卧位通气持续时间,降低俯卧位相关并发症的发生率,适合ARDS患者俯卧位通气时使用。

基于Uni-app框架的高中物理实验App设计——以加速度传感器为例

基于Uni-app框架自主开发了高中物理实验App软件,详细阐述了基于手机传感器的App开发流程,并基于此实现了电梯加速度测量实验,讨论了气垫导轨测量重力加速度的实验过程,实验结果与理论值相符.与Phyphox软件进行对比发现:二者采集的实验数据吻合度较高.该自主软件的开发流程和实验过程描述,将为基于智能手机实验的App开发提供技术参考.

空气减震鹅颈对大件运输车辆减震效能的影响

探究空气减震鹅颈在大件运输车辆车组组合中的减震效能。从A公司的大件运输物流项目入手,在保证固定运输线路、固定货物、固定运输周期及足够运输量的情况下设计了3组对照实验、1组模拟实验,采用统计学方法,使用变异系数作为衡量指标,利用对比分析法,对空气减震鹅颈在每组实验中各个大件运输车辆车组组合的减震效果进行评估,得出空气减震鹅颈对普通车板具有显著的减震作用,优化了A公司现有的车组组合。

气垫运动鞋对残疾运动员足部运动力学的影响研究

残疾运动员由于身体条件的限制,在运动中更容易受到损伤。本文探讨了气垫运动鞋对残疾运动员足部运动力学的影响,旨在降低运动员受伤的风险,从而为残疾运动员提供更适宜运动的气垫运动鞋。选取10名残疾运动员作为研究对象,残疾运动员分别穿着普通运动鞋与气垫运动鞋,开展相同运动。通过运动鞋材料力学性能、运动员后足角运动学参数及足底压力分布,分析气垫运动鞋对残疾运动员足部运动力学的影响。结果表明,在相同荷载下,气垫运动鞋的应力衰减速度更慢。气垫运动鞋的刚度较大,不易出现变形。普通运动鞋的最大外翻角速度为(43561±10546)(°)/s,气垫运动鞋的最大外翻角速度为(25215±13254)(°)/s。气垫运动鞋有助于提高后足的运动活动度,缓冲运动时的地面冲击负荷。残疾运动员穿着气垫运动鞋,足底各部位的最大压力明显低于穿着普通运动鞋。气垫运动鞋可有效减少残疾运动员运动时的冲击力,降低运动员受伤的可能性。