Natural ventilation is an efficient design strategy for the passive cooling of buildings, especially in tropical countries such as Brazil. Among the ventilation strategies, sheds can be highlighted. These structures c...Natural ventilation is an efficient design strategy for the passive cooling of buildings, especially in tropical countries such as Brazil. Among the ventilation strategies, sheds can be highlighted. These structures consist of roof openings that work as air captors or extractors depending on their location in relation to the prevailing wind directions. The hospitals of the Sarah Network, designed by the Brazilian architect Joao Filgueiras Lima, Lele, are worldwide known for using these elements to improve natural ventilation. This paper analyses the natural ventilation performance of sheds for air collecting and extracting in two Sarah hospitals located in the cities of Salvador and Rio de Janeiro. In each building, the sheds were analyzed for air extracting and collecting. The analyses were carried out by reduced physical models in an atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel. The wind velocity was measured at external and internal points of the buildings, using hot-wire anemometers. The results show that the wards in Rio de Janeiro hospital are 17% more ventilated than the ones in the Salvador hospital. However, this difference occurs not only because of the collecting sheds but also because of set of openings and the configuration of the covering in hospitals in Rio de Janeiro.展开更多
非饱和土土水特征曲线(SWCC)在非饱和土性质的研究中是很重要的。通过现场原位渗水试验、室内试验,结合数值反演得到了晚更新世黄土(Q3黄土)脱湿和吸湿土水特征曲线。用压力板仪测量Q3黄土脱湿过程中不同含水率下的吸力,之后用Van Genuc...非饱和土土水特征曲线(SWCC)在非饱和土性质的研究中是很重要的。通过现场原位渗水试验、室内试验,结合数值反演得到了晚更新世黄土(Q3黄土)脱湿和吸湿土水特征曲线。用压力板仪测量Q3黄土脱湿过程中不同含水率下的吸力,之后用Van Genuchten经验公式对试验数据进行拟合,得出了Q3黄土脱湿SWCC曲线的数学表达式。在现场渗水试验的基础上,用随机搜索和经验逼近相结合的方法,通过数值计算反演Q3黄土吸湿过程中的土水特征曲线参数。此外,还实测了Q3黄土竖直向的饱和渗透系数。结果表明:Q3黄土脱湿路径的进气值为4.16 k Pa,饱和体积含水量为0.52;吸湿路径的进气值为3.92 k Pa,饱和体积含水量为0.48。残余体积含水量为0.01,残余饱和度为2.0%,残余的气体含量为4.06%。竖直与水平向渗透系数的比率为1.62,水平向饱和渗透系数为7.08*10-6m/s,竖直向饱和渗透系数为1.147*10-5m/s。室内实测竖直方向饱和渗透系数为2.71*10-5m/s,反演值与实测值是属于同一数量级的。展开更多
文摘Natural ventilation is an efficient design strategy for the passive cooling of buildings, especially in tropical countries such as Brazil. Among the ventilation strategies, sheds can be highlighted. These structures consist of roof openings that work as air captors or extractors depending on their location in relation to the prevailing wind directions. The hospitals of the Sarah Network, designed by the Brazilian architect Joao Filgueiras Lima, Lele, are worldwide known for using these elements to improve natural ventilation. This paper analyses the natural ventilation performance of sheds for air collecting and extracting in two Sarah hospitals located in the cities of Salvador and Rio de Janeiro. In each building, the sheds were analyzed for air extracting and collecting. The analyses were carried out by reduced physical models in an atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel. The wind velocity was measured at external and internal points of the buildings, using hot-wire anemometers. The results show that the wards in Rio de Janeiro hospital are 17% more ventilated than the ones in the Salvador hospital. However, this difference occurs not only because of the collecting sheds but also because of set of openings and the configuration of the covering in hospitals in Rio de Janeiro.
文摘非饱和土土水特征曲线(SWCC)在非饱和土性质的研究中是很重要的。通过现场原位渗水试验、室内试验,结合数值反演得到了晚更新世黄土(Q3黄土)脱湿和吸湿土水特征曲线。用压力板仪测量Q3黄土脱湿过程中不同含水率下的吸力,之后用Van Genuchten经验公式对试验数据进行拟合,得出了Q3黄土脱湿SWCC曲线的数学表达式。在现场渗水试验的基础上,用随机搜索和经验逼近相结合的方法,通过数值计算反演Q3黄土吸湿过程中的土水特征曲线参数。此外,还实测了Q3黄土竖直向的饱和渗透系数。结果表明:Q3黄土脱湿路径的进气值为4.16 k Pa,饱和体积含水量为0.52;吸湿路径的进气值为3.92 k Pa,饱和体积含水量为0.48。残余体积含水量为0.01,残余饱和度为2.0%,残余的气体含量为4.06%。竖直与水平向渗透系数的比率为1.62,水平向饱和渗透系数为7.08*10-6m/s,竖直向饱和渗透系数为1.147*10-5m/s。室内实测竖直方向饱和渗透系数为2.71*10-5m/s,反演值与实测值是属于同一数量级的。
