Influence of Air Flow Rate on Functional Evaluation of Semicircular Canals

Objective To study the influence of unilateral air flow rate change on the result of caloric test.Materials and Methods The unilateral weakness(UW) index was calculated when the air flow rate was set at 6 L /min in both ears(called symmetric stimulation) and again when it was set at 6 L /min in left ear and 3 L /min in the right ear(called asymmetric stimulation).Each individual subject was tested with both symmetrical and asymmetrical stimulations.Paired t test was used to examine the differences between results from symmetrical and asymmetrical stimulations.Result UW index decreased in response to asymmetrical stimulation.Conclusion Unilaterally decreased air flow rate can produce indices suggesting ipsilateral UW,which can be misleading.

Improvement of uniformity in cultivation environment and crop growth rate by hybrid control of air flow devices

A complete control type plant factory has high efficiency in terms of cultivation area by constructing vertical multiple layered cultivation beds.However,it has a problem of irregular crop growth due to temperature deviation at upper and lower beds and increases in energy consumption by a prolonged cultivation period.In this work,air flow rate inside a facility was improved by a hybrid control of air flow devices like air conditioning and air circulation fan with an established wireless sensor network to minimize temperature deviations between upper and lower beds and to promote crop growth.The performance of proposed system was verified with an experimental environment or Case A wherein air conditioning device was operated without a control algorithm and Case B wherein air conditioning and circulation fans were alternatively operated based on the hybrid control algorithm.After planting leafy vegetables under each experimental condition,crops were cultivated for 21 days.As a result,Case B wherein AC(air conditioning) and ACF(air-circulation fan) were alternatively operated based on the hybrid control algorithm showed that fresh mass,number of leaves,and leaf length for the crops grown were increased by 40.6%,41.1%,and 11.1%,respectively,compared to Case A.

Relationship between Formation Water Rate,Equivalent Penetration Rate and Volume Flow Rate of Air in Air Drilling

Formation water invasion is the most troublesome problem associated with air drilling. However, it is not economical to apply mist drilling when only a small amount of water flows into wellbore from formation during air drilling. Formation water could be circulated out of the wellbore through increasing the gas injection rate. In this paper, the Angel model was modified by introducing Nikurade friction factor for the flow in coarse open holes and translating formation water rate into equivalent penetration rate. Thus the distribution of annular pressure and the relationship between minimum air injection rate and formation water rate were obtained. Real data verification indicated that the modified model is more accurate than the Angel model and can provide useful information for air drilling.

空气采样器采样流量校准的实验研究

针对目前空气采样器采样流量校准中存在的问题,采用不同的校准设备对不同使用条件下的采样器的校准结果进行实验研究。结果表明:校准时,校准设备应与采样器进口连接,且在使用基于压差原理的便携式流量校准器作为校准设备时,相关设备溯源时流量点的选择及采样部件的安装应与实际使用条件一致。

高精度管道漏风量测试仪的设计及实验研究

现有的国产漏风量测试仪普遍存在测量精度低、自动化水平低的问题,为此,基于漏风量测试仪的原理,开展了漏风量测试仪的结构设计、系统设计及整机实验研究。首先,对漏风量的测量过程、喷嘴流量测量原理进行了研究,推导了喷嘴流量测量公式,并根据相关标准设计了角接取压方式的喷嘴结构,基于仪器操作便捷性要求,对整机结构进行了设计;其次,采用空气密度补偿公式完成了高精度流量自适应测量,设计了基于自锁式电磁阀的换向调零电路,采用换向调零法对压差传感器零点漂移进行了补偿,使用小波阈值去噪算法消除了信号噪声,提高了流量的测量精度;采用抗积分饱和比例积分微分(PID)算法对流量进行了闭环控制;最后,研制了管道漏风量测试仪样机,开展了压差与流量测量精度与重复性实验。实验及研究结果表明:该高精度漏风量测试仪工作状态稳定,压差测量精度为±0.4%,流量测量精度为±2%;该漏风量测试仪的测量精度优于国内同类仪器,符合国家标准要求,具有良好的市场前景。

双侧吹熔池熔炼炉内气液两相流数值模拟

为了探索铜双侧吹熔池熔炼过程增产增效的实现途径,以赤峰云铜有色金属有限公司的实际双侧吹熔池熔炼炉为原型,运用VOF等方法构建了炉内气液两相流动过程数值模型,据此对不同送风流量(1300、1500、1700 m^(3)/h,标态)条件下的熔炼过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明,提升送风流量能够在一定程度上提高熔炼效率,但同时也可能导致烟尘发生率增大等问题,因此,送风流量的增幅不宜过大。

Effect of Air Injector on the Performance of an Air-lift for Conveying River Sand

An air-lift has been more recently applied in the dredging, deep-seated beach placer mining and underground mining engineering. However, the influence and mechanism of various parameters on the air-lift performance are not quite clear, especially the influence of flow pattern on lifting efficiency. Focusing on the problems mentioned above, the key part of the air-lift （namely, the air injector） was proposed aimed to reduce friction loss in the inner pipe according to improving flow field performance, thus increase the lifting efficiency. The study of relative factors of the performance of an air-lift is performed and the river sand is used as simulation of underground ore bed. The total lifting height of the experimental system is 3 m, the water flux, mass flow of solid particles, concentration of particles and lifting efficiency are measured under the same submergence ratios by changing the air injector, which is divided into nine specifications of air injection in this research. The experimental results indicate that the optimal air flow rate corresponding to excellent performance of the air-lift can be obtained in the range of 35-40 m3/h. The air injection method has a great effect on the performance of the air-lift, the air injector with three nozzles is better than that in the case of one or two nozzles. Further more, the air injection angle and arrangement of air injection pipes also have great effect on the performance of an air-lift. The proposed research results have guiding significance for engineering application.

滤筒除尘器喷吹孔孔径的优化

【目的】为控制各个喷吹管气流量的均匀性,对喷吹管上的喷吹孔径进行优化,提高滤筒除尘器清灰效果。【方法】自制高压脉冲喷吹气流量测量装置对现有喷吹管气流量进行测定,采用光纤传感分析仪测试除尘器滤筒各部分的侧壁压力峰值,分析各滤筒清灰效果不均匀的原因;以滤筒各部位侧壁压力峰值作为清灰均匀性效果评估指标,优化喷吹孔径。【结果】优化前4个喷吹孔径均为19 mm,喷吹孔的气流量依次为13.69、 14.78、 16.03、 16.93 L,对应4个滤筒上、中、下部侧壁压力峰值的最小值分别为最大值的37%、 26%、 20%,气流量均匀度标准差为1.41;优化后4个喷吹孔径分别为23、 20、 18、 17 mm,喷吹气流量依次为14.05、 15.08、 15.87、 16.13 L,对应4个滤筒上、中、下部测壁压力峰值的最小值为最大值的56%、 56%、 53%,气流量均匀度标准差降为0.93。【结论】优化后的喷吹管气流量均匀化程度提高,可实现滤筒除尘器的均匀清灰。

湿空气在全尺寸压水堆燃料组件中的自然循环特性试验及理论研究

为开发一种不依赖于计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)结果的燃料组件自然循环特性分析模型,以研究乏燃料水池在发生冷却剂丧失事故后的自然循环特性,本研究基于全尺寸压水堆燃料组件压降实验结果对Darcy-Forchheimer模型进行了修正,以预测湿空气流过燃料组件的压降,然后建立了燃料组件自然循环流量和峰值包壳温度的分析预测模型,并考虑了空气的相对湿度对模型计算结果的影响。结果表明:该模型可较为准确地预测不同加热功率下燃料组件的自然循环流量和峰值包壳温度,与实验测量值相比误差分别在25%和20%以内。并利用该模型研究了总加热功率、环境温度和相对湿度对燃料组件自然循环流量和峰值包壳温度的影响。因此,本研究所开发的模型可用于压水堆全尺寸燃料组件的自然循环特性研究。

Enrichment of carbon recovery of high ash coal fines using air fluidized vibratory deck separator

Coal is primarily beneficiated by wet gravity methods. The wet processing of coal is an efficient practice. However, it introduces the moisture in the range of 6%-15%, depending upon the size of coal which is as detrimental as ash content to the heating value of coal. Dry beneficiation of coal fines was carried out using an air fluidized vibrating table in which the coal particles get separated from the heavier mineral particles as a result of horizontal and vertical stratification. Two level factorial design matrix was used to optimize and assess the interactive effects of the operational parameters of a pneumatic table viz. deck eccentric, side tilt and air flow rate on the clean coal yield and its ash content. Double stage processing was found to be more effective for reducing the ash content of the clean coal. Initial stage of processing at a higher ash level generates a reject of high ash with low combustibles. Cleaning of the rougher concentrate at 34%-35% ash level shows significant improvement in the organic efficiency （88.6%） and useful heat value of clean coal （15690 kJ/kg）. The performance of air fluidized vibrating deck was measured by Ep value which is 0.18.

羊肚菌室内栽培关键技术研究

目前我国羊肚菌栽培基本都在室外进行,对环境和气候依赖性强,种植风险大。开展可控条件下的羊肚菌室内栽培研究,对羊肚菌产业发展具有裨益。本研究对比不同栽培土壤、不同外源营养袋配方、不同土壤含水量及不同空气流速的栽培效果,得到羊肚菌室内筐式栽培的部分关键技术:采用稻田土12.5 kg+腐殖木屑200 g栽培效果明显优于常规田间土壤;发菌期土壤含水量在24%~27%,其菌丝培养、污染控制及产量表现较好;外源营养袋配方采用小麦63%、麸皮15%、木屑10%、谷壳6%、玉米粉4%、碳酸钙1%、石灰1%,在羊肚菌菌丝培养、营养利用和产量上表现较优;出菇期室内空气流速对子实体发育影响明显,不宜超过0.8 m/s。

气冷冷凝相变脱白法系统计算研究

根据气冷冷凝相变脱白系统设计的需要,开发了排放气体温度、湿度的计算程序,在此基础上研究了冷空气温度、湿度和风量对脱白效果的影响,结果显示:气冷冷凝相变脱白法除雾存在临界风量线,这条线由冷空气温度、湿度和风量共同决定;冷凝相变脱白法比混风脱白法和混合冷凝脱白法效果好。

步进式加热炉计算机控制系统设计

随着工业技术的快速发展,金属材料的热处理在制造业中扮演着重要的角色。热处理过程对于调控材料的组织结构和性能具有决定性影响,从而直接影响产品的质量和性能。步进式加热炉是一种靠炉底或水冷金属梁的上升、前进、下降、后退等动作将料坯进行移送前进的连续加热炉,依靠步进机构,按照一定的轨迹运动,使炉内的钢料一步一步前进。步进式加热炉具有不拱钢、不粘钢、脱碳少、加热时间短等优点,自动化程度高。随着科技的不断进步和工业自动化的不断发展,计算机控制系统在步进式加热炉中的应用已经成为现实。围绕步进式加热炉计算机控制系统设计,从设备结构与工作原理、运行挑战、参数自整定技术、远程监控与云平台搭建等多方面进行深入探讨。为工业生产提供更精确、稳定和高效的温度控制解决方案。

夏热冬暖地区办公建筑空调系统节能优化研究

随着社会经济的高速发展,办公建筑的数量及能耗日趋增加,为了缓解能源紧缺现状,对既有办公建筑的节能改造成为节约能耗、降低碳排放的重要手段之一。对于夏热冬暖地区,其办公建筑能耗主要为空调系统制冷,本文基于深圳市某办公建筑的原始空调系统,提出两种基于空调系统主要设备的节能优化方案,即磁悬浮机组+变频冷冻水系统、变流量机组+变频变流量系统。通过Trnsys软件对提出的2种优化方案进行对比分析。结果表明,对冷水机组进行设备改换和采用变频技术能在一定程度上降低空调系统能耗,系统的COP有较大的提升。

一面四巷瓦斯抽采对采空区遗煤自燃影响数值模拟研究

为研究高瓦斯易自燃煤层不同瓦斯治理条件下采空区自燃“三带”及温度场分布变化规律,结合某高瓦斯易自燃工作面的实际条件,构建了“一面四巷”采空区自然发火物理模型,将程序升温试验得到的煤样氧化耗氧参数和放热参数应用到数值模拟中,分别研究了不同供风量、低抽流量及高抽流量对采空区自燃“三带”及温度场分布的影响,定量分析了氧化带最大宽度、氧化带面积和采空区最高温度点等参数随供风量、低抽流量及高抽流量的变化规律。结果表明:在模拟测试范围内,提高供风量、低抽流量及高抽流量均会造成采空区漏风量增多,不利于采空区遗煤自燃防治;最高温度点变化不明显(仅在1 K范围内变化),高抽流量变化对采空区氧化带宽度和面积及最高温度的影响大于供风量和低抽流量;氧化带最大宽度随供风量增大而增加,采空区最高温度和氧化带面积随供风量增加而减小,供风量从1600 m^(3)/min增加到1900 m^(3)/min时,氧化带最大宽度增加了2 m(74~76 m),最高温度降低了0.1 K(315.38~315.28 K),氧化带面积减小了180.08 m^(2)(8669.49~8489.41 m^(2));氧化带最大宽度随低抽流量增大而增加,采空区最高温度和氧化带面积均随抽采流量增大而增加,低抽流量从200 m^(3)/min增加到300 m^(3)/min时,氧化带最大宽度增加了2 m(75~77 m),最高温度升高了0.152 K(315.340~315.492 K),氧化带面积扩大了51.56 m^(2)(8553.79~8605.35 m^(2))。高抽流量从80 m^(3)/min增加到240 m^(3)/min时,氧化带最大宽度保持在75 m,最高温度升高了0.76 K(315.13~315.89 K)。

基于CFD的滚筒搅拌器的冷却模拟研究

以滚筒搅拌器为研究对象,通过CFD软件模拟仿真,通过稳态模拟考察冷却空气流量对冷却效果的影响情况,通过正交模拟实验考察进口颗粒温度、空气总流量以及内壁冷却空气的比例三种因素对冷却效果的影响情况。分析结果表明,冷却空气总流量大于等于50m^(3)/h时,设备就可以完成50℃以下的冷却目标;颗粒温度、空气流量是影响设备冷却效果的最主要因素;冷却时间大于50s后,物料就可以达到冷却平衡。基于该分析结果,对滚筒搅拌器工作的工艺参数进行优化,同时也为设备的结构设计改进提供思路,提高了设备的工作效率。

压力补偿型艉轴密封设计及空气流量特性分析

为某半潜船模型设计一种压力补偿型艉轴密封系统。该密封系统基于空气压力、润滑介质压力实时联动算法,能够根据外部海水压力的变化实现密封内外压差平衡,达到密封的目的。同时,该密封系统可应用于40 m水深作业工况,并具备泄漏回收功能,具有绿色环保特征。利用MATLAB/Simulink搭建该系统的参数设计仿真平台,分别研究轻载与重载下压缩空气的流量特性。研究结果表明:该系统轻载时压缩空气流量为0.0141kg/s,重载时为0.025 0 kg/s;瞬态时存在波动,但稳态时运行平稳,抗干扰性强,密封性能可靠。

多品种种子干燥技术分析与应用

当前多品种种子干燥技术可满足不同品种及小批量种子的繁育需求,该研究旨在探讨分析多品种种子模块化干燥单元的能耗及其内部干燥介质的物理参数。基于多品种种子模块化干燥单元内部种子质量、干燥风温及干燥速度等因素,分析计算其热源及风机的相关参数。结果表明,多品种种子模块化干燥单元的电磁热风炉功率5 kW,风机流量412~859 m^(3)/h,全压507~310 Pa。研究结果以期为多品种种子干燥技术的后续发展提供技术参考及理论借鉴。

热压作用下新风系统水力工况分析方法研究

热压作用导致通过竖直立管送风的空调新风系统水力失调且并联管路阻力不平衡,无法计算管网阻抗及进行水力工况分析,针对该问题提出了适用于热压作用下的新风系统水力工况分析方法。该方法将整体管网看作并联的各末端通风支管虚拟闭合环路,求解压阻平衡方程组,拟合了各闭合环路与管网的特性曲线方程,确定了虚拟闭合环路阻抗,实现了热压作用下管网流体流动及流量分配规律的描述。计算中考虑了管网流量与摩擦阻力系数、局部阻力系数的耦合关系。以某办公楼新风系统为例,利用环路阻抗方法对热压作用下管网的水力工况进行了分析,其计算结果与方程组迭代计算结果相吻合,表明了所提方法的准确性。

挖金湾煤业瓦斯治理技术应用研究

针对挖金湾煤业井下通风风量紧张,瓦斯涌出量急剧提升的现象,采用分源动态预测的方法对挖金湾煤业井下瓦斯涌出量进行了预测分析,通过对瓦斯压力、含量以及通风阻力等指标的测定,了解井下瓦斯状况,找出工作面瓦斯主要来源,并对井下瓦斯涌出量进行预测分析。通过制定瓦斯抽放及井下通风技术方案,提升了瓦斯抽采时间与浓度,提高瓦斯抽采率为73%,保证工作面回风流瓦斯浓度在0.4%以下,回采面上隅角与高位孔处浓度保持在4%~12%,符合煤矿井下安全高效生产要求。