A novel approach of jet polishing for interior surface of small-grooved components using three developed setups

It is a challenge to polish the interior surface of an additively manufactured component with complex structures and groove sizes less than 1 mm.Traditional polishing methods are disabled to polish the component,meanwhile keeping the structure intact.To overcome this challenge,small-grooved components made of aluminum alloy with sizes less than 1 mm were fabricated by a custom-made printer.A novel approach to multi-phase jet(MPJ)polishing is proposed,utilizing a self-developed polisher that incorporates solid,liquid,and gas phases.In contrast,abrasive air jet(AAJ)polishing is recommended,employing a customized polisher that combines solid and gas phases.After jet polishing,surface roughness(Sa)on the interior surface of grooves decreases from pristine 8.596μm to 0.701μm and 0.336μm via AAJ polishing and MPJ polishing,respectively,and Sa reduces 92%and 96%,correspondingly.Furthermore,a formula defining the relationship between linear energy density and unit defect volume has been developed.The optimized parameters in additive manufacturing are that linear energy density varies from 0.135 J mm^(-1)to 0.22 J mm^(-1).The unit area defect volume achieved via the optimized parameters decreases to 1/12 of that achieved via non-optimized ones.Computational fluid dynamics simulation results reveal that material is removed by shear stress,and the alumina abrasives experience multiple collisions with the defects on the heat pipe groove,resulting in uniform material removal.This is in good agreement with the experimental results.The novel proposed setups,approach,and findings provide new insights into manufacturing complex-structured components,polishing the small-grooved structure,and keeping it unbroken.

Draft sensation distribution of air jet supply system in large space building in summer

To study the draft sensation distribution of an air jet supply system in a large space building in summer,experiments are conducted in a large laboratory.The temperature,velocity and draft sensation distributions at a nozzle height of 4 m in the occupied zone are obtained.Then,the numerical simulation under the test condition is carried out by the computational fluid dynamics（CFD）method.The calculation results of the indoor vertical temperature and the draft sensation distribution are validated by the test data.Simulations with different nozzle heights are conducted.The satisfactory air supply condition is determined by analyzing the draft sensations and the temperatures in the occupied zone under three conditions.The simulation results show that the optimal draft sensation distribution and the uniform temperature and velocity fields can be obtained at a nozzle height of 5 m.

Influence of abrasive hardness on erosion wear of abrasive air jets

To make clear the influence of abrasive hardness on the erosion effect,the erosion experiments of abrasive air jet with the same impact energy were carried out.The influence of abrasive hardness on the erosion effect is clarified by comparing the different erosion depths.The main conclusions are as follows.Under the same mass flow rate and mesh number,the abrasive with a higher density needs greater pressure irrespective of hardness.After erosion damage,the abrasive size exhibits a Weibull distribution.The shape parameterβand Weibull distribution function of four types of abrasives are derived by the least squares method;moreover,βis found to have a quadratic relation with abrasive hardness.The results of the erosion experiments show that abrasive hardness and erosion depth are quadratically related.By calculating the increase in surface energy after abrasive erosion crushing,it is found that abrasive hardness has a quadratic relation with surface energy and that the increases in erosion depth and surface energy consumption are basically identical.In conclusion,the effect is a soft abrasive impact when the ratio of abrasive hardness(Ha)to the material hardness(Hm)is<2.6,and it is a hard abrasive impact when Ha/Hm>3.

Influence of air pressure on the performance of plasma synthetic jet actuator

Plasma synthetic jet actuator（PSJA） has a wide application prospect in the high-speed flow control field for its high jet velocity.In this paper,the influence of the air pressure on the performance of a two-electrode PSJA is investigated by the schlieren method in a large range from 7 k Pa to 100 k Pa.The energy consumed by the PSJA is roughly the same for all the pressure levels.Traces of the precursor shock wave velocity and the jet front velocity vary a lot for different pressures.The precursor shock wave velocity first decreases gradually and then remains at 345 m/s as the air pressure increases.The peak jet front velocity always appears at the first appearance of a jet,and it decreases gradually with the increase of the air pressure.A maximum precursor shock wave velocity of 520 m/s and a maximum jet front velocity of 440 m/s are observed at the pressure of 7 k Pa.The averaged jet velocity in one period ranges from 44 m/s to 54 m/s for all air pressures,and it drops with the rising of the air pressure.High velocities of the precursor shock wave and the jet front indicate that this type of PSJA can still be used to influence the high-speed flow field at 7 k Pa.

Effects of cryogenic cold air jet cutting on chip break in metal machining

The half-dry cutting employs cryogenic compressed air cooled down to (10 to 40) and a micro-dosage of lubricating oil, called cryogenic cold air jet cutting was studied. On the basis of a comparative experiment on dry and cryogenic cold air jet cuttings carried out for grade 45 steel, the effects of cryogenic cold air jet on the breaking of chips were discussed. The experimental results reveal that in the valid ranges of pressure and temperature, the cryogenic cold air jet widens the chip breaking areas effectively. When the cutting depth is not greater than 1 mm, the influence of chip breaking is much more significant. But different injecting angle of cold air has different influence on the chip-break. From the experiment, the optimized jet injecting angle, temperature effecting range and pressure working range of cold air are obtained. These results can offer a foundation for industrial manufacturing.

Increasing the Energy Efficiency of Air Jet Weaving Based on a Novel Method to Exploit Energy Savings Potentials in Production Processes of the Textile Industry

This article deals with the energy efficiency of textile weaving machines. A method based on exergy balances has been developed at the Institute for Textile Technology RWTH Aachen University （ITA）, Aachen, Germany in order to improve energy efficiency textile machines. The relay nozzles of the air-jet weaving technology need up to 80% of the energy of the weaving machine. At ITA, a new nozzle concept was developed. The developed geometry is a so called High-Volume-Low-Pressure nozzle （HVLP nozzle）, based on convergent nozzle aerodynamic theory. With this concept, energy savings up to 30% are possible.

Air China Signs Deal to Buy 23 Airbus Passenger Jets

Air China has signed a deal to buy 23 Airbus A320 passenger planes.

Influence of water content on the inactivation of P. digitatum spores using an air–water plasma jet

In order to investigate whether an air–water plasma jet is beneficial to improve the efficiency of inactivation, a series of experiments were done using a ring-needle plasma jet. The water content in the working gas（air） was accurately measured based on the Karl Fischer method. The effects of water on the production of OH（A;Σ;–X;Π;） and O（3p;P–3s;S） were also studied by optical emission spectroscopy. The results show that the water content is in the range of 2.53–9.58 mg l;, depending on the gas/water mixture ratio. The production of OH（A;Σ;–X;Π;） rises with the increase of water content, whereas the O（3p;P–3s;S） shows a declining tendency with higher water content. The sterilization experiments indicate that this air–water plasma jet inactivates the P. digitatum spores very effectively and its efficiency rises with the increase of the water content. It is possible that OH（A;Σ;–X;Π;） is a more effective species in inactivation than O（3p;P–3s;S） and the water content benefit the spore germination inhibition through rising the OH（A;Σ;–X;Π;） production. The maximum of the inactivation efficacy is up to 93% when the applied voltage is -6.75 kV and the water content is 9.58 mg l;.

CALCULATION FOR SMOKE-PREVENTING AIR CURTAIN IN A HIGH-RISE BUILDING

The effective smoke preventing installation should have the functions such as absolute smoke insulation, going into and coming off the smoke preventing place freely, no confinement of sight. The smoke preventing air curtain is the most effective. Based on the previous researches done by others, the flow field is theoretically analyzed and the calculating method for the smoke preventing air curtain of high rise buildings is inferred by means of mathematics in this paper.

煤磨袋收尘器超洁净排放改造实践

石家庄某水泥厂煤磨袋除尘器由气箱脉冲式袋除尘器改造为行喷吹式袋除尘。改造要求袋除尘器出口颗粒物标况下排放≤5 mg/m^(3),设备阻力≤1 500 Pa。改造利用原气箱脉冲袋除尘器的壳体、灰斗及进出气管道等,新制作整体式净气室,袋室和烟道加高3 m,采用Φ130 mm×5 500 mm的拒水、防油、防静电涤纶覆膜滤袋,根据需要适当增加泄爆阀的面积,采用新的脉冲清灰系统。改造后顺利通过了业主和当地环保部门的检测,经过1年的运行,设备达到了低阻力、超洁净排放的改造目标。

Dynamics of plasma bullets by nanosecond pulsed micro-hollow cathode discharge within air

In this paper,the air plasma jet produced by micro-hollow cathode discharge(MHCD)is investigated.The discharge is powered by a positive nanosecond pulse high voltage supply.The waveforms of the discharge,the images of the jet,the evolution of the plasma bullet and the reactive species are obtained to analyze the characteristics of the MHCD plasma jet.It is found that the length of the plasma jet is almost proportional to the air flow rate of 2–6 slm.Two plasma bullets appear one after another during a single period of the voltage waveform,and both of the two plasma bullets are formed during the positive pulse voltage off.The propagation velocity of the two plasma bullets is on the order of several hundred m/s,which is approximate to that of the air flow.These results indicate that the gas flow has an important influence on the formation of this MHCD plasma jet.

气流和机械碾轧超微粉碎香菇柄的效果比较

为了提高香菇副产物菇柄的附加值,应用气流粉碎和机械碾轧粉碎2种工艺分别对菇柄进行超微处理。对气流粉碎工艺中的分级机转速,机械碾轧粉碎工艺中的主机频率、风机频率等操作参数进行了单因素分析,进一步结合分段线性拟合法对2种工艺的加料速度进行了优化,分别得出了2种工艺的较适工艺条件;并对二者的粉碎效果、处理时间、能耗和出品率进行了比较。结果显示:气流粉碎的较适工艺条件为:分级机转速2 400 r/min,加料速度12 kg/h;机械碾轧粉碎的较适工艺条件为:主机频率44 Hz,风机频率42 Hz,加料速度5 kg/h。2种超微粉碎方式都能获得10μm以下的微粉,与机械碾轧粉碎相比,气流粉碎的分级精度较高,处理时间缩短了56.43%,但出品率较低,能耗为前者的4.77倍。总体来看,机械碾轧粉碎更适合规模化生产,该研究为超微粉碎技术应用于香菇柄深加工利用提供了技术依据。

再谈冷气溶胶灭火技术

1997年英国KIDE公司研究人员提出并进行了冷气溶胶灭火的研究工作,但由于微米级颗粒在储存中出现再次聚集及吸湿结块现象形成技术障碍难于突破,以致实验结果仅停留在小试阶段,始终无法投入批量生产。笔者借鉴文献报道,从灭火剂选择、制备超细粉体方法、储存助剂及生产条件等方面进行了深入细致的研究,取得了突破性的进展和成果。

热压缩空气在气流粉碎中的应用及其加料器喷嘴设计

热压缩空气、冷压缩空气与过热蒸汽作为气流粉碎机的工作介质有各自不同的内在特性,通过比较,明确了热压缩空气的不同之处,为工程中的实际选择提供了依据。并对以热压缩空气为工作介质的气流粉碎机加料器喷嘴的设计方法作了较为详细的研究。

红枣气体射流冲击干燥特性及干燥模型

由于红枣收获后品质快速下降,探讨适合红枣的加工方法以便延长红枣的保藏期非常重要。探究了干制条件对红枣气体射流干燥特性的影响,以便提高干制红枣品质,缩短干制时间,获取干燥活化能,优选干燥模型。选用自制气体射流冲击干燥设备干制红枣,研究风速(8.5、10.0、12.0 m/s)、风温{60、65、70℃,变量[70℃(5 h)+65℃(8 h)+55℃]}对红枣水分比和干燥速率、水分有效扩散系数及活化能的影响,通过DPS数据统计软件对8个干燥模型(Lewis、Page、Modified Page、Wang&Singh、Henderson&Pabis、Approximation of diffusion、Logarithmic、Simplified Fick's diffusion)进行拟合筛选。与大多数食品材料的干燥特性一致,红枣的气体射流冲击干燥过程主要为降速干燥。温度对整个干燥过程中参数的变化影响较大,温度越高,水分扩散越快,水分比下降越快,干燥速率越高。最高有效扩散系数为1.22133×10^(-9) m^(2)/s,所需最小活化能为10.39 kJ/mol。使用8个模型进行拟合,研究发现Logarithmic模型的参数系数(R^(2))值为0.999801,均方根误差(RMSE)值为0.002913,卡方值(χ^(2))为9.332000×10^(-6),该模型为描述红枣气体射流冲击干燥的最优模型。温度与风速均对干燥曲线、干燥速率曲线、水分有效扩散系数和活化能有影响,在温度70℃(5 h)+65℃(8 h)+55℃,风速12.0 m/s的条件下干燥效果较佳。

白云石的超细气流粉碎与分级加工

采用扁平式超细气流粉碎机与超细离心式空气分级机组成的闭路系统对白云石进行超细加工,分析了操作参数对产品粒径的影响。

提高圆盘式气流粉碎机能量利用率的途径

圆盘式气流粉碎机在超细粉碎作业中最大的问题是能量利用率低。长沙矿山研究院研制的内置叶轮式气流粉碎机通过调节分级叶轮转速等工作参数，可在同等产率下提高产品细度，达到提高能量利用率的目的。

使用微粉化技术改善头孢呋新酯片的溶出

为改善头孢呋新酯片的溶出 ,采用气流粉碎、球磨、重结晶、固态分散技术等多种微粉化技术 ,通过差热分析和 X衍射研究微粉化后头孢呋新酯的晶型特征。结果表明 ,固态分散技术可使该药由晶型转变为无定型 ,从而大大增加其片剂的溶出。

Experimental investigation on heat transfer enhancement of mist/air impingement jet

The heat transfer performance of a mist/air jet impingement on a constant-heat flux surface was experimentally investigated.Two objectives were outlined in the current study.The first objective is to assess the effects of mist/air volumetric flow rate ratio,impinging mode and heat flux on the heat transfer characteristics of free mist/air jet impingement.The second objective is to assess the effect of swirl flow induced by the spinning grinding wheel on the mist/air jet impingement,simulating the heat transfer process on a grinding work-piece surface subjected to the mist/air jet impingement.The results show that the addition of dilute water droplets to air flow results in significant heat transfer enhancement.Once the mist/air ratio is increased to a certain value,the increase of heat transfer with the mist/air ratio becomes slow.For a given mist/air ratio,as the increase of heat flux,the contribution of droplet evaporation to the overall heat transfer is weakened relatively,resulting in a decrease of heat transfer enhancement in comparison to the lower heat flux case.The heat transfer coefficient in the stagnation region for the oblique jet is much lower than the normal mist/air jet impingement,while in the region away from the stagnation,the local heat transfer coefficient for the oblique jet is higher than the normal jet.As regards as the mist/air jet impingement in the vicinity of grinding zone is concerned,when the jet impinging direction is consistent with the rotating direction of rotating disk,the swirl flow induced by the rotating disk could entrain more droplets to enter the jet impinging stagnation zone,which is beneficial to convective heat transfer enhancement.Furthermore,as the rotational speed of disk increases,the temperature deceases in impinging jet stagnation zone.

A new design of foaming agent mixing device for a pneumatic foaming system used for mine dust suppression

To overcome the drawbacks of the conventional foam technology used for dust suppression,including large pressure loss,high water pressure and low driving pressure,a new pneumatic foaming system is introduced.Then an original design of foaming agent mixing device is proposed,and its performance is investigated and evaluated under different pressure compensations.Experimental results show that the maximum absorption amount increases by 2.9-6.7 times at a pressure compensation of 0.04-0.2 MPa compared with no pressure compensation.The pressure loss and pressure fluctuation both reduce significantly with increasing pressure compensation.The critical outlet pressure increases by30.4-240%.Field application indicates that the proposed mixing device ensures the reliable addition of foaming agent used for foam dust suppression.The effect of foam on dust suppression is remarkable,and the economic cost of foam is low.Therefore,there is reason to believe that the new mixing device will greatly promote foam technology to be widely used for suppressing dust in underground coal mines.