Application of the Modified nverse Design Method in the Optimization of the Runner Blade of a Mixed-Flow Pump

To improve the design speed and reduce the design cost for the previous blade design method, a modified inverse design method is presented. In the new method, after a series of physical and mathematical simplifications, a sail?like constrained area is proposed, which can be used to configure di erent runner blade shapes. Then, the new method is applied to redesign and optimize the runner blade of the scale core component of the 1400?MW canned nuclear coolant pump in an established multi?optimization system compromising the Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) analysis, the Response Surface Methodology(RSM) and the Non?dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm?II(NSGA?II). After the execution of the optimization procedure, three optimal samples were ultimately obtained. Then, through comparative analysis using the target runner blade, it was found that the maximum e ciency improvement reached 1.6%, while the head improvement was about 10%. Overall, a promising runner blade inverse design method which will benefit the hydraulic design of the mixed?flow pump has been proposed.

Effects of Meridional Flow Passage Shape on Hydraulic Performance of Mixed-flow Pump Impellers

During the process of designing the mixed-flow pump impeller, the meridional flow passage shape directly affects the obtained meridional flow field, which then has an influence on the three-dimensional impeller shape. However, the meridional flow passage shape is too complicated to be described by a simple formula for now. Therefore, reasonable parameter selection for the meridional flow passage is essential to the investigation. In order to explore the effects of the meridional flow passage shape on the impeller design and the hydraulic performance of the mixed-flow pump, the hub and shroud radius ratio (HSRR) of impeller and the outlet diffusion angle (ODA) of outlet zone are selected as the meridional flow passage parameters. 25 mixed-flow pump impellers, with specific speed of 496 under the design condition, are designed with various parameter combinations. Among these impellers, one with HSRR of 1.94 and ODA of 90° is selected to carry out the model test and the obtained experimental results are used to verify accuracies of the head and the hydraulic efficiency predicted by numerical simulation. Based on SIMPLE algorithm and standard k-ε two-equation turbulence model, the three-dimensional steady incompressible Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved and the effects of different parameters on hydraulic performance of mixed-flow pump impellers are analyzed. The analysis results demonstrate that there are optimal values of HSRR and ODA available, so the hydraulic performance and the internal flow of mixed-flow pumps can be improved by selecting appropriate values for the meridional flow passage parameters. The research on these two parameters, HSRR and ODA, has further illustrated influences of the meridional flow passage shape on the hydraulic performance of the mixed-flow pump, and is beneficial to improving the design of the mixed-flow pump impeller.

Experimental Study of the Influence of Flow Passage Subtle Variation on Mixed-flow Pump Performance

In the mixed-flow pump design, the shape of the flow passage can directly affect the flow capacity and the internal flow, thus influencing hydraulic performance, cavitation performance and operation stability of the mixed-flow pump. However, there is currently a lack of experimental research on the influence mechanism. Therefore, in order to analyze the effects of subtle variations of the flow passage on the mixed-flow pump performance, the frustum cone surface of the end part of inlet contraction flow passage of the mixed-flow pump is processed into a cylindrical surface and a test rig is built to carry out the hydraulic performance experiment. In this experiment, parameters, such as the head, the efficiency, and the shaft power, are measured, and the pressure fluctuation and the noise signal are also collected. The research results suggest that after processing the inlet flow passage, the head of the mixed-flow pump significantly goes down; the best efficiency of the mixed-flow pump drops by approximately 1.5%, the efficiency decreases more significantly under the large flow rate; the shaft power slightly increases under the large flow rate, slightly decreases under the small flow rate. In addition, the pressure fluctuation amplitudes on both the impeller inlet and the diffuser outlet increase significantly with more drastic pressure fluctuations and significantly lower stability of the internal flow of the mixed-flow pump. At the same time, the noise dramatically increases. Overall speaking, the subtle variation of the inlet flow passage leads to a significant change of the mixed-flow pump performance, thus suggesting a special attention to the optimization of flow passage. This paper investigates the influence of the flow passage variation on the mixed-flow pump performance by experiment, which will benefit the optimal design of the flow passage of the mixed-flow pump.

Enhancement of Anti-Stokes Line of Stimulated Four-Photon Mixing in an Er^(3+ ) Doped Silica Fiber

By using a pidsed dye Laser of nanosecond level as a pump source,we have investi-ga-ted stiinulated Ranmn sca.ttcring and stiiuulatcd four-photon mixing in Er^(3+) doped silicu fibers.The experimental results show that all lines,incJuding the pump radia-tion line,are obviously broadened and the anti-Stokes lines of stimulated four-photon mixing are greatly enhanced,and that the enhancement effect is independent of the wavelength.

Correlation of Blood Lactate and Mixed Venous Oxygen Saturation in Off-Pump CABG

Aim: To evaluate the correlation of blood lactate and mixed venous oxygen saturation to predict outcome in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Method: This is a randomized study including 30 patients. Blood lactate and mixed venous oxygen saturation were measured in 4 groups of patients—number of grafts, presence or absence of left main coronary artery disease, ejection fraction and serum creatinine. Blood samples were taken before induction, after grafting, on intensive care unit admission, 24 hours and 48 hours after surgery. The measured blood lactate and mixed venous oxygen saturation are compared to assess the outcomes in terms of duration of ventilation and intensive care unit stay. Results: The blood lactate and mixed venous oxygen saturation values increased post operatively but no statistically significant difference in three groups— number of grafts, left main coronary artery disease and ejection fraction. In serum creatinine group, the blood lactate value was found to be statistically significant after grafting in patients with creatinine <1.5 mg/dl, however, there was a significant disparity in numbers. Conclusion: Mixed venous oxygen saturation is a better predictor of morbidity than blood lactate in terms of intensive care unit stay in patients undergoing off pump coronary artery bypass grafting.

基于准稳态过程的混流泵启动性能优化

在ANSYS Workbench的基础上结合OptiSLang优化设计软件,对混流泵启动过程进行优化.利用准稳态理论和全流域模型计算数据,建立了混流泵准稳态启动过程的水力性能响应面替代模型.通过NSGA遗传算法优化内部流动状态,降低启动过程中的涡致能量损失,从而提升混流泵的水力性能.将原始混流泵与优化后混流泵的外特性、叶片压力分布进行对比,并分析混流泵内部涡结构,验证了所提出的准稳态启动过程水力性能优化方案的可行性.研究结果表明:叶片进口安放角α1,α4,α5,叶片出口安放角β1,β2,β3,β4,β5,叶片包角φ和叶片厚度系数θ对混流泵加权平均扬程和加权平均效率的影响程度较大;对比不同启动时刻下混流泵的叶片压力分布,发现该方法能够有效提升混流泵启动中后期的瞬态扬程和启动中期的水力效率.

喷水推进泵空化诱导压力脉动特性的试验研究

为探讨喷水推进泵内空化流动结构演变对压力脉动特性的影响,本文结合高速摄像和压力脉动同步测量展开了试验研究。结果表明:随着空化条件加剧,叶顶出现了泄漏涡核空化、剪切层旋涡空化、叶顶吸力侧片状空化和云状空化等复杂空化流动结构;叶顶低压区随着空化区域增大而增大;在泄漏流夹带下空化云不断翻滚,增加了空化云的不稳定性;空化云尺度随空化条件加剧而增大。大尺度空化云会导致强烈的压力脉动。空化区边缘的空泡破碎会带来压力冲击成份。压力脉动主频是叶频,次主频是二倍叶频。主频和次主频幅值在片状空化时小幅增长,在云状空化时大幅增大。垂直空化涡发展会导致叶片前缘附近压力面压力和局部压差下降,这是泵性能断裂的重要原因。

山地泵送混凝土配合比优化及绿色效益分析

我国基础建设的规模与速度与日俱增,泵送混凝土传统的原材料产地有限且资源日益枯竭。相对丘陵和平原区域,因交通闭塞、地形崎岖、地质复杂,山地区域原材料资源匮乏问题更为明显。为提升山地原材料资源利用率,基于绿色施工的理念,分析山地区域的施工环境,结合实际工程项目,在施工点周边区域就地取材,提出了泵送混凝土配合比优化方法,改进了混凝土施工方案。结果表明:采用所提优化配合比,在新拌混凝土满足施工要求、硬化混凝土满足设计强度的同时,降低了成本,保护了环境,最终提高了绿色施工综合效益。

大排量离心泵固液两相流磨损特性仿真分析

针对大排量混砂离心泵,采用CFD-DEM耦合计算方法建立固液两相流仿真模型,对离心泵内两相流流场进行了研究。得到了不同叶轮转速、流量、颗粒粒径和混砂浓度等因素对离心泵外特性的影响。使用OKA、Archard磨损模型计算得到蜗壳及叶轮的磨损量,分析不同工况下颗粒运动过程及颗粒对过流部件的定性定量的磨蚀规律,得到平均磨损率随时间变化曲线,并对不同镀层的离心泵进行数值计算。结果表明,叶轮主要磨损区在根部和压力面中部,转速每增加100 r/min,最大磨损量为叶轮冲击磨损,增加28.5%;流量增加20%,最大磨损量为蜗壳的冲击磨损,增加85%。使用碳化钨镀层,叶轮和蜗壳磨损速率分别降低28.1%和39.95%。研究结果可为混砂离心泵参数设计提供指导意义。

Evaluation of Subgrid-scale Models in Large-eddy Simulations of Turbulent Flow in a Centrifugal Pump Impeller

The current research of large eddy simulation （LES） of turbulent flow in pumps mainly concentrates in applying conventional subgrid-scale （SGS） model to simulate turbulent flow, which aims at obtaining the flow field in pump. The selection of SGS model is usually not considered seriously, so the accuracy and efficiency of the simulation cannot be ensured. Three SGS models including Smagorinsky-Lilly model, dynamic Smagorinsky model and dynamic mixed model are comparably studied by using the commercial CFD code Fluent combined with its user define function. The simulations are performed for the turbulent flow in a centrifugal pump impeller. The simulation results indicate that the mean flows predicted by the three SGS models agree well with the experimental data obtained from the test that detailed measurements of the flow inside the rotating passages of a six-bladed shrouded centrifugal pump impeller performed using particle image velocimetry （PIV） and laser Doppler velocimetry （LDV）. The comparable results show that dynamic mixed model gives the most accurate results for mean flow in the centrifugal pump impeller. The SGS stress of dynamic mixed model is decompose into the scale similar part and the eddy viscous part. The scale similar part of SGS stress plays a significant role in high curvature regions, such as the leading edge and training edge of pump blade. It is also found that the dynamic mixed model is more adaptive to compute turbulence in the pump impeller. The research results presented is useful to improve the computational accuracy and efficiency of LES for centrifugal pumps, and provide important reference for carrying out simulation in similar fluid machineries.

基于减小中间换热器[火用]损的自复叠热泵系统最佳工质循环配比分析及实验研究

从自复叠热泵系统的循环[火用]损出发进行分析,发现中间换热器[火用]损最大,进而对减小[火用]损的方法进行了理论分析,并以R290/R170、R600a/R1150两种不同沸点差的二元混合工质组合为例,深入研究了混合工质循环配比对中间换热器[火用]损的影响。通过实验测试,验证了不同循环配比下整机性能的变化。结果表明:中间换热器[火用]损大小取决于换热过程高压侧及低压侧的温度匹配程度,可通过热当量比来体现,热当量比越接近1,[火用]损越小;不同混合工质组合,存在各自的最佳循环配比,使得整机性能最佳,该最佳循环配比与理论分析得到的使中间换热器[火用]损最小的循环配比接近。

雅砻江流域水风光多能互补优化运行研究

雅砻江清洁能源基地的水电、风电、光伏、抽水蓄能规划装机容量达7 800万kW,有必要开展水风光多能互补优化运行以获得最佳效益。在对水、风、光、蓄电源进行精细化模拟基础上,以水风光互补总收益最大和剩余负荷峰值最小为目标,构建水、风、光、蓄多能互补运行模型,根据模型特点,提出采用混合整数线性规划方法进行求解,旨在为雅砻江流域多能互补优化运行提供可借鉴的方法。

Broadband and continuous wave pumped second-harmonic generation from microfiber coated with layered GaSe crystal

The conversion-efficiency for second-harmonic(SH)in optical fibers is significantly limited by extremely weak second-order nonlinearity of fused silica,and pulse pump lasers with high peak power are widely employed.Here,we propose a simple strategy to efficiently realize the broadband and continuous wave(CW)pumped SH,by transferring a crystalline GaSe coating onto a microfiber with phase-matching diameter.In the experiment,high efficiency up to 0.08%W-1mm-1 is reached for a C-band pump laser.The high enough efficiency not only guarantees SH at a single frequency pumped by a CW laser,but also multi-frequencies mixing supported by three CW light sources.Moreover,broadband SH spectrum is also achieved under the pump of a superluminescent light-emitting diode source with a 79.3 nm bandwidth.The proposed scheme provides a beneficial method to the enhancement of various nonlinear parameter processes,development of quasi-monochromatic or broadband CW light sources at new wavelength regions.

Mixed Conduction in BaCe0.8Pr0.2O3-α Ceramic

BaCe0.8Pr0.2O3-α ceramic was synthesized by high temperature solid-state reaction. The structural characteristics and the phase purity of the crystal were determined using powder X-ray diffraction analysis. By using the methods of AC impedance spectroscopy, gas concentration cell and electrochemical pumping of hydrogen, the conductivity and ionic transport number of BaCe0.8Pr0.2O3-α were measured, and the electrical conduction behavior of the material was investigated in different gases in the temperature range of 500-900℃. The results indicate that the material was of a single perovskite-type orthorhombic phase. From 500℃ to 900 ℃, electronic-hole conduction was dominant in dry and wet oxygen, air or nitrogen, and the total conductivity of the material increased slightly with increasing oxygen partial pressure in the oxygen partial pressure range studied. Ionic conduction was dominant in wet hydrogen, and the total conductivity was about one or two orders of magnitude higher than that in hydrogen-free atmosphere （oxygen, air or nitrogen）

Spin pumping at the Co_2 FeAl_(0.5)Si_(0.5)/Pt interface

Spin pumping at the Co2FeAl0.5Si0.5/Pt and Pt/Co2FeAl0.5Si0.5 interfaces has been studied by ferromagnetic resonance technology(FMR). The spin mixing conductance of the Co2FeAl0.5Si0.5/Pt and Pt/Co2FeAl0.5Si0.5 interfaces was determined to be 3.7×1019m 2and 2.1×1019m 2 by comparing the Gilbert damping in a Co2FeAl0.5Si0.5single film, Co2FeAl0.5Si0.5/Pt bilayer film and a Pt/Co2FeAl0.5Si0.5/Pt trilayer film. Spin pumping is more efficient in the Co2FeAl0.5Si0.5/Pt bilayer film than in permalloy/Pt bilayer film.

Origin of Self-pumped Phase Conjugate Waves in KNSBN Crystals

A multistage four-wave mixing interaction region model resulting in self-pumped phase conjugation output of the incident beam is suggested to explain the experimental observations.The competition between forward and backward two-wave mixing is demonstrated and used to explain the formation of the mechanism.The backscattering beams from random noise beams may be amplified by contradirectional two-wave mixing selectively and act as pumped beams from our experimental observations under a laser entering the negative c face of copper-doped potassium sodium strontium barium niobate crystal.The phase conjugation reflectivity of as high as 33%is measured.

基于二重威布尔混合分布的某型燃机燃油泵组件可靠性分析

燃油泵组件是机电一体化的产品,其在使用中获得的故障数据存在不同失效机理的情况,因此一重威布尔分布无法准确描述产品失效机理,而混合分布通过将多种失效分布进行耦合,能够充分描述产品失效机理。本文将二重三参数威布尔混合分布模型应用在舰船发动机附件故障分析中,基于某型燃机燃油泵组件的故障数据,通过数据分析直方图确定故障模型与模型初始化参数,通过Matlab非线性曲线拟合方法来估计二重三参数威布尔混合分布的参数。研究方法及成果能够为燃油泵组件可靠性分析及优化改进提供一定的借鉴。

抽水蓄能电站单机容量与机组转速选择

通过分析国内外已建抽水蓄能电站机组主要技术参数,研究抽蓄电站定转速混流式水泵水轮机水头与单机容量、参数水平的关系,提出了不同水头段抽水蓄能电站单机容量和比速系数选择原则,推荐了合适的机组额定转速范围,可提高抽水蓄能电站水泵水轮机选型设计的工作效率和成果质量。

降速方式对混流泵压力脉动特性的影响

混流泵在降速过程中的内部流动特性变化对其性能和稳定性有重要影响。针对这一问题,该研究探究了混流泵在降速过程中内部流动的复杂性,尤其关注不同降速方式对泵内压力脉动特性的影响。通过构建多通道测试系统,收集了混流泵在不同降速方式下的外特性参数信号和泵内压力脉动信号。并采用非稳态信号处理技术,从时域、频域和时频三方面探究不同降速方式对叶轮出口和导叶内部的压力脉动特性的影响以及二者之间的相关性。结果表明,泵内压力脉动的峰值和样本熵的变化趋势与不同降速方式的幂指数呈正相关关系;在整个降速过程中叶轮出口压力脉动对导叶内压力脉动起主导作用;叶轮出口和导叶内部压力脉动之间的相干频率主要集中于80~120 Hz之间;在不同降速过程中叶轮出口和导叶内部的压力脉动之间强相关区域的频带范围保持不变,但是强相关区域在整个降速过程频带范围中的占比有所变化;对于具有固定初始转速和目标转速的降速过程,降速方式的改变不会影响叶轮出口和导叶内压力脉动的相干频率。研究结论可为揭示混流泵瞬态运行特性及提高混流泵降速运行中的稳定性提供参考。

考虑表面粗糙度与空化效应的组合密封润滑分析

为了研究表面粗糙度及空化效应对压裂泵柱塞密封副密封性能的影响,基于稳态Reynolds方程,建立了粗糙峰和空化效应影响下组合密封的弹流润滑数值模型.在数值模拟基础上,采用有限体积法求解稳态Reynolds方程,研究了密封副在表面粗糙度影响下的油膜厚度、油膜压力、油膜流速分布规律,以及不同的往复速度和滑环表面粗糙度对密封性能的影响.结果表明,外行程流体动压效应微弱,油膜在空气侧附近会出现空化现象;较高的往复速度有利于减小泄漏量及摩擦阻力;滑环表面粗糙度从0.8μm增加到1.8μm时,净泄漏量与外行程摩擦力分别升高了180.4%和11.17%.因此,在工作过程中应设置较高的往复速度和使用较低粗糙度的滑环以提高密封性能.