The cryosphere component provides the most reliable and insightful indications of any planet’s climate dynamics.Using data from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars(CRISM),we develop a novel appro...The cryosphere component provides the most reliable and insightful indications of any planet’s climate dynamics.Using data from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars(CRISM),we develop a novel approach to determining the broadband Visible and Near Infrared(VNIR)albedo of the Martian surface.This study focuses on albedo changes in the McMurdo crater,part of Mars’s south polar layer deposits.We compare seasonal and interannual variations of the McMurdo surface albedo before,during,and after the Global Dust Storm(GDS)of Martian Year(MY)34.As the seasons progressed from spring to summer,the mean albedo in MY 32 and 34 plunged by over 40%,by about 35%in MY 33,and by slightly more than 30%in MY 35.Compared interannually,however,mean albedo values within both seasons(spring and summer)exhibited no significant differences in those same years.Notably,interannual albedo difference maps reveal albedo variation of more than±0.3 in certain regions of the crater.Considering only snow-covered pixels,interannual albedo differences suggest that Mars dust had a pervasive impact on Mars’s cryosphere.Variations in maximum and minimum albedo values as high as 0.5 were observed,depending upon differences in the dust levels in Martian snow/ice.The maximum and the minimum snow albedo values were lowest in MY 34,indicating the effect of the intense dust storm event that year.The average snow albedo decreased from 0.45 in MY 32 to 0.40 in MY 33 and to 0.33 in MY 34,and then rose back to 0.40 in MY 35.This trajectory suggests a temporary deposition of dust,partially reversed after the GDS by self-cleaning mechanisms(local aeolian process and CO_(2)sublimation/deposition cycle).展开更多
[Objective] Temporal and spatial variation of surface albedo in Tibetan Plateau were studied in our paper.[Method] Based on NOAA/AVHRR data,different algorithms were used to retrieve surface albedo in Tibetan Plateau,...[Objective] Temporal and spatial variation of surface albedo in Tibetan Plateau were studied in our paper.[Method] Based on NOAA/AVHRR data,different algorithms were used to retrieve surface albedo in Tibetan Plateau,and it showed that the result of Stroeve was mostly close to observed data.Based on retrieval algorithm from Stroeve,the spatial distribution of surface albedo in Tibetan Plateau was obtained by means of NOAA/AVHRR data in 1982-2000.[Result] The distribution of annual mean surface albedo in Tibetan Plateau was identical with that of geographical zone in plateau area;annual mean surface albedo in plateau area showed slight decrease trend which was different in various regions;monthly surface albedo in plateau area had obviously zonal distribution and changed with time evidently.[Conclusion] Our study will be helpful to improving the parameterization scheme of surface albedo in climate model,revealing the internal mechanism of local and regional climate change and enhancing the level of long-term climate forecast.展开更多
The surface albedo which is affected by the earth surface coverage or other surface characteristics is one of the important factors impacting remote sensing image information and therefore it can be calculated by inte...The surface albedo which is affected by the earth surface coverage or other surface characteristics is one of the important factors impacting remote sensing image information and therefore it can be calculated by integrating land coverage types with information of remote sensing images.Horqin sand land which was taken as an experimental area for study on Landsat-TM topography and atmospheric correction,then the Landsat-TM data inversion formula established by Liang was used to calculate the experimental zone albedo map;correlation analysis was performed to the surface albedo map and the land-use maps which was acquired by supervision and classification.The results revealed significant relations between land-use types and the surface albedo of study area.Additionally,the surface albedo and NDVI of the study area were statistically analyzed to obtain the study area's surface albedo and NDVI dependent equation.展开更多
Data from July 2006 to June 2008 observed at SACOL （Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University, 35.946°N, 104.137°E, elev. 1961 m）, a semi-arid site in Northwest China, are used to...Data from July 2006 to June 2008 observed at SACOL （Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University, 35.946°N, 104.137°E, elev. 1961 m）, a semi-arid site in Northwest China, are used to study seasonal variability of soil moisture, along with surface albedo and other soil thermal parameters, such as heat capacity, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity, and their relationships to soil moisture content. The results indicate that surface albedo decreases with increases in soil moisture content, showing a typical exponential relation between the surface albedo and the soil moisture. The heat capacity, the soil thermal diffusivity, and soil thermal conductivity show large variations between Julian day 90-212 and 450-578. The soil thermal conductivity is found to increase as a power function of soil moisture. Soil heat capacity and soil thermal diffusivity increase with increases in soil moisture. The SACOL observed soil moisture are also used to validate the AMSR-E/AQUA retrieved soil moisture and there is good agreement between them. The analysis of the relationship between satellite retrieved soil moisture and precipitation suggests that the variability of soil moisture depends on the variation of precipitation over the Loess Plateau.展开更多
Continuous observation data collected over the whole year of 2004 on a cropland surtace m Tongyu, a senti-arid area of northeastern China （44°25＇N, 122°52＇E）, have been used to investigate the variations...Continuous observation data collected over the whole year of 2004 on a cropland surtace m Tongyu, a senti-arid area of northeastern China （44°25＇N, 122°52＇E）, have been used to investigate the variations of surface albedo and soil thermal parameters, including heat capacity, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity, and their relationships to soil moisture. The diurnal variation of surface albedo appears as a U shape curve on sunny days. Surface albedo decreases with the increase of solar elevation angle, and it tends to be a constant when solar elevation angle is larger than 40°. So the daily average surface albedo was computed using the data when solar elevation angle is larger than 40° Mean daily surface albedo is found to decrease with the increase of soil moisture, showing an exponential dependence on soil moisture. The variations of soil heat capacity are small during Julian days 90 300. Compared with the heat capacity, soil thermal conductivity has very gentle variations during this period, but the soil thermal diffusivity has wide variations during the same period. The soil thermal conductivity is found to increase as a power function of soil moisture. The soil thermal diffusivity increases firstly and then decreases with the increase of soil moisture.展开更多
The relationship of surface albedo with the solar altitude angle and soil moisture is analyzed based on two-year （January 2002 to December 2003） observational data from the AWS （Automatic Weather Station） at MS347...The relationship of surface albedo with the solar altitude angle and soil moisture is analyzed based on two-year （January 2002 to December 2003） observational data from the AWS （Automatic Weather Station） at MS3478 in the northern Tibetan Plateau during the experimental period of CEOP/CAMP-Tibet （Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period Asia-Australia Monsoon Project on the Tibetan Plateau）. As a double-variable （solar altitude angle and soil moisture） function, surface albedo varies inconspicuously with any single factor. By using the method of approximately separating the double-variable function into two, one-factor functions （product and addition）, the relationship of albedo with these two factors presents much better. The product and additional empirical formulae of albedo are then preliminarily fitted based on long-term experimental data. By comparison with observed values, it is found that the parameterization formulae fitted by using observational data are mostly reliable and their correlation coefficients are both over 0.6. The empirical formulae of albedo though, for the northern Tibetan Plateau, need to be tested by much more representative observational data with the help of numerical models and the retrieval of remote sensing data. It is practical until it is changed into effective parameterization formulae representing a grid scale in models.展开更多
To improve the understandings on regional climatic effects of past human-induced land cover changes,the surface albedo changes caused by conversions from natural vegetation to cropland were estimated across northeaste...To improve the understandings on regional climatic effects of past human-induced land cover changes,the surface albedo changes caused by conversions from natural vegetation to cropland were estimated across northeastern China over the last 300 years,and its climatic effects were simulated by using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model.Essential natural vegetation records compiled from historical documents and regional optimal surface albedo dataset were used.The results show that the surface albedo decreased by 0.01-0.03 due to conversions from grassland to cropland in the Northeast China Plain and it increased by 0.005-0.015 due to conversions from forests to cropland in the surrounding mountains.As a consequence,in the Northeast China Plain,the surface net radiation increased by 4-8 W/m 2,2-5 W/m 2,and 1-3 W/m 2,and the climate was therefore warmed by 0.1℃-0.2℃、0.1℃-0.2℃、 0.1℃-0.3 ℃ in the spring,autumn and winter,respectively.In the surrounding mountain area,the net radiation decreased by less than 1.5 W/m 2,and the climate was therefore cooled too slight to be detected.In summer,effects of surface albedo changes on climate were closely associated with moisture dynamics,such as evapotranspiration and cloud,instead of being merely determined by surface radiation budget.The simulated summer climatic effects have large uncertainties.These findings demonstrate that surface albedo changes resulted in warming climate effects in the non-rainy seasons in Northeast China Plain through surface radiation processes while the climatic effects in summer could hardly be concluded so far.展开更多
基金support from the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB) for providing the necessary facility and IITB seed grant.
文摘The cryosphere component provides the most reliable and insightful indications of any planet’s climate dynamics.Using data from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars(CRISM),we develop a novel approach to determining the broadband Visible and Near Infrared(VNIR)albedo of the Martian surface.This study focuses on albedo changes in the McMurdo crater,part of Mars’s south polar layer deposits.We compare seasonal and interannual variations of the McMurdo surface albedo before,during,and after the Global Dust Storm(GDS)of Martian Year(MY)34.As the seasons progressed from spring to summer,the mean albedo in MY 32 and 34 plunged by over 40%,by about 35%in MY 33,and by slightly more than 30%in MY 35.Compared interannually,however,mean albedo values within both seasons(spring and summer)exhibited no significant differences in those same years.Notably,interannual albedo difference maps reveal albedo variation of more than±0.3 in certain regions of the crater.Considering only snow-covered pixels,interannual albedo differences suggest that Mars dust had a pervasive impact on Mars’s cryosphere.Variations in maximum and minimum albedo values as high as 0.5 were observed,depending upon differences in the dust levels in Martian snow/ice.The maximum and the minimum snow albedo values were lowest in MY 34,indicating the effect of the intense dust storm event that year.The average snow albedo decreased from 0.45 in MY 32 to 0.40 in MY 33 and to 0.33 in MY 34,and then rose back to 0.40 in MY 35.This trajectory suggests a temporary deposition of dust,partially reversed after the GDS by self-cleaning mechanisms(local aeolian process and CO_(2)sublimation/deposition cycle).
基金Supported by Plateau Meteorology Open Laboratory Foundation of Institute of Plateau Meteorology,CMA,Chengdu(LPM2009018 and BROP201001)
文摘[Objective] Temporal and spatial variation of surface albedo in Tibetan Plateau were studied in our paper.[Method] Based on NOAA/AVHRR data,different algorithms were used to retrieve surface albedo in Tibetan Plateau,and it showed that the result of Stroeve was mostly close to observed data.Based on retrieval algorithm from Stroeve,the spatial distribution of surface albedo in Tibetan Plateau was obtained by means of NOAA/AVHRR data in 1982-2000.[Result] The distribution of annual mean surface albedo in Tibetan Plateau was identical with that of geographical zone in plateau area;annual mean surface albedo in plateau area showed slight decrease trend which was different in various regions;monthly surface albedo in plateau area had obviously zonal distribution and changed with time evidently.[Conclusion] Our study will be helpful to improving the parameterization scheme of surface albedo in climate model,revealing the internal mechanism of local and regional climate change and enhancing the level of long-term climate forecast.
基金Supported by Institute of Atmospheric Environment CMA,Shenyang
文摘The surface albedo which is affected by the earth surface coverage or other surface characteristics is one of the important factors impacting remote sensing image information and therefore it can be calculated by integrating land coverage types with information of remote sensing images.Horqin sand land which was taken as an experimental area for study on Landsat-TM topography and atmospheric correction,then the Landsat-TM data inversion formula established by Liang was used to calculate the experimental zone albedo map;correlation analysis was performed to the surface albedo map and the land-use maps which was acquired by supervision and classification.The results revealed significant relations between land-use types and the surface albedo of study area.Additionally,the surface albedo and NDVI of the study area were statistically analyzed to obtain the study area's surface albedo and NDVI dependent equation.
基金supported bythe National Natural Science Foundation of China un-der Grants Nos40725015 and 40633017the Na-tional Basic Research Program of China under Grant No2006CB400501
文摘Data from July 2006 to June 2008 observed at SACOL （Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University, 35.946°N, 104.137°E, elev. 1961 m）, a semi-arid site in Northwest China, are used to study seasonal variability of soil moisture, along with surface albedo and other soil thermal parameters, such as heat capacity, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity, and their relationships to soil moisture content. The results indicate that surface albedo decreases with increases in soil moisture content, showing a typical exponential relation between the surface albedo and the soil moisture. The heat capacity, the soil thermal diffusivity, and soil thermal conductivity show large variations between Julian day 90-212 and 450-578. The soil thermal conductivity is found to increase as a power function of soil moisture. Soil heat capacity and soil thermal diffusivity increase with increases in soil moisture. The SACOL observed soil moisture are also used to validate the AMSR-E/AQUA retrieved soil moisture and there is good agreement between them. The analysis of the relationship between satellite retrieved soil moisture and precipitation suggests that the variability of soil moisture depends on the variation of precipitation over the Loess Plateau.
基金the National Basic Research Program of China (973Program, 2006CB500401).
文摘Continuous observation data collected over the whole year of 2004 on a cropland surtace m Tongyu, a senti-arid area of northeastern China （44°25＇N, 122°52＇E）, have been used to investigate the variations of surface albedo and soil thermal parameters, including heat capacity, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity, and their relationships to soil moisture. The diurnal variation of surface albedo appears as a U shape curve on sunny days. Surface albedo decreases with the increase of solar elevation angle, and it tends to be a constant when solar elevation angle is larger than 40°. So the daily average surface albedo was computed using the data when solar elevation angle is larger than 40° Mean daily surface albedo is found to decrease with the increase of soil moisture, showing an exponential dependence on soil moisture. The variations of soil heat capacity are small during Julian days 90 300. Compared with the heat capacity, soil thermal conductivity has very gentle variations during this period, but the soil thermal diffusivity has wide variations during the same period. The soil thermal conductivity is found to increase as a power function of soil moisture. The soil thermal diffusivity increases firstly and then decreases with the increase of soil moisture.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Pro-gram of China (Grant No. 2005CB422003)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40875005)+1 种基金the Program of Institute of Plateau Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration (BROP200803)the Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period Asia-Australia Monsoon Project on the Tibetan Plateau (CEOP/CAMP-Tibet)
文摘The relationship of surface albedo with the solar altitude angle and soil moisture is analyzed based on two-year （January 2002 to December 2003） observational data from the AWS （Automatic Weather Station） at MS3478 in the northern Tibetan Plateau during the experimental period of CEOP/CAMP-Tibet （Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period Asia-Australia Monsoon Project on the Tibetan Plateau）. As a double-variable （solar altitude angle and soil moisture） function, surface albedo varies inconspicuously with any single factor. By using the method of approximately separating the double-variable function into two, one-factor functions （product and addition）, the relationship of albedo with these two factors presents much better. The product and additional empirical formulae of albedo are then preliminarily fitted based on long-term experimental data. By comparison with observed values, it is found that the parameterization formulae fitted by using observational data are mostly reliable and their correlation coefficients are both over 0.6. The empirical formulae of albedo though, for the northern Tibetan Plateau, need to be tested by much more representative observational data with the help of numerical models and the retrieval of remote sensing data. It is practical until it is changed into effective parameterization formulae representing a grid scale in models.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41001122)China Global Change Research Program(No.2010CB950102,2010CB950903)State-Sponsored Study Abroad Programs from China Scholarship Council(No.2007U21061)
文摘To improve the understandings on regional climatic effects of past human-induced land cover changes,the surface albedo changes caused by conversions from natural vegetation to cropland were estimated across northeastern China over the last 300 years,and its climatic effects were simulated by using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model.Essential natural vegetation records compiled from historical documents and regional optimal surface albedo dataset were used.The results show that the surface albedo decreased by 0.01-0.03 due to conversions from grassland to cropland in the Northeast China Plain and it increased by 0.005-0.015 due to conversions from forests to cropland in the surrounding mountains.As a consequence,in the Northeast China Plain,the surface net radiation increased by 4-8 W/m 2,2-5 W/m 2,and 1-3 W/m 2,and the climate was therefore warmed by 0.1℃-0.2℃、0.1℃-0.2℃、 0.1℃-0.3 ℃ in the spring,autumn and winter,respectively.In the surrounding mountain area,the net radiation decreased by less than 1.5 W/m 2,and the climate was therefore cooled too slight to be detected.In summer,effects of surface albedo changes on climate were closely associated with moisture dynamics,such as evapotranspiration and cloud,instead of being merely determined by surface radiation budget.The simulated summer climatic effects have large uncertainties.These findings demonstrate that surface albedo changes resulted in warming climate effects in the non-rainy seasons in Northeast China Plain through surface radiation processes while the climatic effects in summer could hardly be concluded so far.
