BACKGROUND The Alcian blue(AB)and periodic acid Schiff(PAS)stains are representative mucus markers in gastric signet ring cell carcinoma(SRCC).They are low-cost special staining methods used to detect acidic mucus and...BACKGROUND The Alcian blue(AB)and periodic acid Schiff(PAS)stains are representative mucus markers in gastric signet ring cell carcinoma(SRCC).They are low-cost special staining methods used to detect acidic mucus and neutral mucus,respectively.However,the clinical importance of the special combined AB and PAS stain is unclear.AIM To investigate AB expression,PAS expression and the AB-to-PAS(A/P)ratio in gastric SRCC patients and to assess patient prognosis.METHODS Paraffin-embedded sections from 83 patients with gastric SRCC were stained with AB and PAS,and signet ring cell positivity was assessed quantitatively.Immuno-histochemical staining for Ki67,protein 53(P53)and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)was performed simultaneously.The cancer-specific survival(CSS)rate was estimated via Kaplan-Meier analysis.Cox proportional hazards models were used for univariate and multivariate survival analyses.RESULTS Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that the 3-year CSS rate was significantly greater in the high-PAS-expression subgroup than in the low-PAS-expression subgroup(P<0.001).The 3-year CSS rate in the A/P≤0.5 group was significantly greater than that in the A/P>0.5 group(P=0.042).Univariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the factors affecting prognosis included tumor diameter,lymph node metastasis,vessel carcinoma embolus,tumor stage,the A/P ratio and the expression of Ki67,P53 and the PAS.Cox multivariate regression analysis confirmed that low PAS expression[hazard ratio(HR)=3.809,95%confidence interval(CI):1.563-9.283,P=0.003]and large tumor diameter(HR=2.761,95%CI:1.086-7.020,P=0.033)were independent risk factors for poor prognosis.CONCLUSION A/P>0.5 is potentially a risk factor for prognosis,and low PAS expression is an independent risk factor in the prognosis of gastric SRCC.PAS expression and the A/P ratio could help in predicting the clinical prognosis of patients with SRCC.展开更多
AIM:To compare the sensitivity and specificity of CDX2 and alcian blue(AB) p H 2.5 staining in identifying esophageal intestinal metaplasia.METHODS:One hundred and ninty-nine biopsies from 186 patients were retrospect...AIM:To compare the sensitivity and specificity of CDX2 and alcian blue(AB) p H 2.5 staining in identifying esophageal intestinal metaplasia.METHODS:One hundred and ninty-nine biopsies from 186 patients were retrospectively reviewed and categorized as Barrett's esophagus(BE)(n =108); non-Barrett's esophagus(NBE)(n =48); columnar blue cells(CB) and esophageal glands(EG)(n =43).The biopsies were stained with AB and immunostained for CDX2 using a mouse monoclonal antibody from Biogenex(clone CDX2-88) and the Ventana Discovery X automated immunostainer.The positive and negative predictive value of each group was used to determine the predictive power of CDX2 and AB in diagnosing intestinal metaplasia.RESULTS:All of the 108 BE biopsies(100%) were positive for AB and 102 of them(94.4%) were positive for CDX2.The six BE patients(5.6%) who failed to stain with CDX2 were found to have lost the focus of intestinal metaplasia upon deeper sectioning for immunostaining.Both AB and CDX2 were negative in 43 out of 48(89.6%) NBE cases.Five NBE patients(10.4%) were falsely positive for AB due to the presence of EG and CB in these biopsies.These cases were all CDX2 negative.In addition,5 AB negative NBE were found to be CDX2 positive.Based on these results the CDX2 immunostain had similar sensitivity but higher specificity(100% vs about 91%) than AB in detecting intestinal type metaplasia in these samples.Our data shows that CDX2 has a better PPV in detecting intestinal metaplasia as compared to AB(95.6% vs 71.5%,respectively).CONCLUSION:CDX2 has a better positive predictive value than AB in detecting intestinal metaplasia.CDX2may be useful when challenged by gastro-esophageal biopsies containing mimikers of BE.展开更多
Background:Observing interstitial fluid(ISF)is very difficult because interstitial structure collapses and ISF disappears after tissue fixation.Additionally,ISF is colorless,and interstitial flow is weak in vivo.In or...Background:Observing interstitial fluid(ISF)is very difficult because interstitial structure collapses and ISF disappears after tissue fixation.Additionally,ISF is colorless,and interstitial flow is weak in vivo.In order to view the interstitial flow,special dye and animal model was chosen to explore the movement characteristic of interstitial flow and related structure.Methods:The Gephyrocharax Melanocheir(GM)fish,a special animal with translucent body,were placed into 0.03 g/L tricain solution for anesthesia.20-25μL Alcian blue(AB)solution which can stain acid mucopolysaccharide immobilized by the collagen net in connective tissue was injected into each fish at a single point with a rate of 2 μL/min via a micro-injection pump.The process of infusion and the movement of the AB in fish were record by a digital camera.The(fresh)frozen sections of AB tracks tissue were performed to observe the morphological feature.Results:Several blue tracks were observed which were formed by longitudinal directional movements of AB solution.For back lateral track,the velocity and length of the movements were significantly fast and longer on the direction toward head than that toward tail(P<0.01).For lateral middle track,the result was opposite,namely toward tail(P<0.01).This phenomenon indicated an inherent ISF flow according to Darcy's law.Morphological study showed these tracks were just in septa composed by connective tissue.The stained blue septa formed various shapes as interstitial space for ISF flow and connected with one another like a net.The finding can help us to understand the essence of meridian in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Conclusions:The dynamic asymmetry of the AB tracks revealed interstitial flow in the GM fish body.It implied an inherent interstitial flow along particular pathway formed by septa which may be a key to understand the nature and value of meridians and collaterals in health care.展开更多
The result of UV-Vis adsorbance indicates that phthalocyanine copper cation and anion monolayers are alternately deposited, and dimmer is the major form. Through analyzing the 20th phthalocyanine MD film AFM image, we...The result of UV-Vis adsorbance indicates that phthalocyanine copper cation and anion monolayers are alternately deposited, and dimmer is the major form. Through analyzing the 20th phthalocyanine MD film AFM image, we know that the surface of MD film is flat and compact. The physical-chemical properties of molecular end-group have influence on the MD films surface character notably. The contact angles of water on the odd and even layer MD films vary greatly complying with "odd-even" regularity, and the value increases slightly with the increment of MD film layers due to the decrease of van der Waals force reinforced by substrate through MD films.展开更多
基金the Startup Fund for Scientific Research of Fujian Medical University,No.2020QH1170.
文摘BACKGROUND The Alcian blue(AB)and periodic acid Schiff(PAS)stains are representative mucus markers in gastric signet ring cell carcinoma(SRCC).They are low-cost special staining methods used to detect acidic mucus and neutral mucus,respectively.However,the clinical importance of the special combined AB and PAS stain is unclear.AIM To investigate AB expression,PAS expression and the AB-to-PAS(A/P)ratio in gastric SRCC patients and to assess patient prognosis.METHODS Paraffin-embedded sections from 83 patients with gastric SRCC were stained with AB and PAS,and signet ring cell positivity was assessed quantitatively.Immuno-histochemical staining for Ki67,protein 53(P53)and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)was performed simultaneously.The cancer-specific survival(CSS)rate was estimated via Kaplan-Meier analysis.Cox proportional hazards models were used for univariate and multivariate survival analyses.RESULTS Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that the 3-year CSS rate was significantly greater in the high-PAS-expression subgroup than in the low-PAS-expression subgroup(P<0.001).The 3-year CSS rate in the A/P≤0.5 group was significantly greater than that in the A/P>0.5 group(P=0.042).Univariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the factors affecting prognosis included tumor diameter,lymph node metastasis,vessel carcinoma embolus,tumor stage,the A/P ratio and the expression of Ki67,P53 and the PAS.Cox multivariate regression analysis confirmed that low PAS expression[hazard ratio(HR)=3.809,95%confidence interval(CI):1.563-9.283,P=0.003]and large tumor diameter(HR=2.761,95%CI:1.086-7.020,P=0.033)were independent risk factors for poor prognosis.CONCLUSION A/P>0.5 is potentially a risk factor for prognosis,and low PAS expression is an independent risk factor in the prognosis of gastric SRCC.PAS expression and the A/P ratio could help in predicting the clinical prognosis of patients with SRCC.
文摘AIM:To compare the sensitivity and specificity of CDX2 and alcian blue(AB) p H 2.5 staining in identifying esophageal intestinal metaplasia.METHODS:One hundred and ninty-nine biopsies from 186 patients were retrospectively reviewed and categorized as Barrett's esophagus(BE)(n =108); non-Barrett's esophagus(NBE)(n =48); columnar blue cells(CB) and esophageal glands(EG)(n =43).The biopsies were stained with AB and immunostained for CDX2 using a mouse monoclonal antibody from Biogenex(clone CDX2-88) and the Ventana Discovery X automated immunostainer.The positive and negative predictive value of each group was used to determine the predictive power of CDX2 and AB in diagnosing intestinal metaplasia.RESULTS:All of the 108 BE biopsies(100%) were positive for AB and 102 of them(94.4%) were positive for CDX2.The six BE patients(5.6%) who failed to stain with CDX2 were found to have lost the focus of intestinal metaplasia upon deeper sectioning for immunostaining.Both AB and CDX2 were negative in 43 out of 48(89.6%) NBE cases.Five NBE patients(10.4%) were falsely positive for AB due to the presence of EG and CB in these biopsies.These cases were all CDX2 negative.In addition,5 AB negative NBE were found to be CDX2 positive.Based on these results the CDX2 immunostain had similar sensitivity but higher specificity(100% vs about 91%) than AB in detecting intestinal type metaplasia in these samples.Our data shows that CDX2 has a better PPV in detecting intestinal metaplasia as compared to AB(95.6% vs 71.5%,respectively).CONCLUSION:CDX2 has a better positive predictive value than AB in detecting intestinal metaplasia.CDX2may be useful when challenged by gastro-esophageal biopsies containing mimikers of BE.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China:81173206
文摘Background:Observing interstitial fluid(ISF)is very difficult because interstitial structure collapses and ISF disappears after tissue fixation.Additionally,ISF is colorless,and interstitial flow is weak in vivo.In order to view the interstitial flow,special dye and animal model was chosen to explore the movement characteristic of interstitial flow and related structure.Methods:The Gephyrocharax Melanocheir(GM)fish,a special animal with translucent body,were placed into 0.03 g/L tricain solution for anesthesia.20-25μL Alcian blue(AB)solution which can stain acid mucopolysaccharide immobilized by the collagen net in connective tissue was injected into each fish at a single point with a rate of 2 μL/min via a micro-injection pump.The process of infusion and the movement of the AB in fish were record by a digital camera.The(fresh)frozen sections of AB tracks tissue were performed to observe the morphological feature.Results:Several blue tracks were observed which were formed by longitudinal directional movements of AB solution.For back lateral track,the velocity and length of the movements were significantly fast and longer on the direction toward head than that toward tail(P<0.01).For lateral middle track,the result was opposite,namely toward tail(P<0.01).This phenomenon indicated an inherent ISF flow according to Darcy's law.Morphological study showed these tracks were just in septa composed by connective tissue.The stained blue septa formed various shapes as interstitial space for ISF flow and connected with one another like a net.The finding can help us to understand the essence of meridian in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Conclusions:The dynamic asymmetry of the AB tracks revealed interstitial flow in the GM fish body.It implied an inherent interstitial flow along particular pathway formed by septa which may be a key to understand the nature and value of meridians and collaterals in health care.
文摘The result of UV-Vis adsorbance indicates that phthalocyanine copper cation and anion monolayers are alternately deposited, and dimmer is the major form. Through analyzing the 20th phthalocyanine MD film AFM image, we know that the surface of MD film is flat and compact. The physical-chemical properties of molecular end-group have influence on the MD films surface character notably. The contact angles of water on the odd and even layer MD films vary greatly complying with "odd-even" regularity, and the value increases slightly with the increment of MD film layers due to the decrease of van der Waals force reinforced by substrate through MD films.
