Casson Nanofluid Flow with Cattaneo-Christov Heat Flux and Chemical Reaction Past a Stretching Sheet in the Presence of Porous Medium

In the current work,inclined magnetic field,thermal radiation,and the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux are taken into account as we analyze the impact of chemical reaction on magneto-hydrodynamic Casson nanofluid flow on a stretching sheet.Modified Buongiorno’s nanofluid model has been used to model the flow governing equations.The stretching surface is embedded in a porousmedium.By using similarity transformations,the nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into a set of dimensionless ordinary differential equations.The numerical solution of transformed dimensionless equations is achieved by applying the shooting procedure together with Rung-Kutta 4th-order method employing MATLAB.The impact of significant parameters on the velocity profile f(ζ),temperature distributionθ(ζ),concentration profileϕ(ζ),skin friction coefficient(Cf),Nusselt number(Nux)and Sherwood number(Shx)are analyzed and displayed in graphical and tabular formats.With an increase in Casson fluid 0.5<β<2,the motion of the Casson fluid decelerates whereas the temperature profile increases.As the thermal relation factor expands 0.1<γ1<0.4,the temperature reduces,and consequently thermal boundary layer shrinks.Additionally,by raising the level of thermal radiation 1<Rd<7,the temperature profile significantly improves,and an abrupt expansion has also been observed in the associated thermal boundary with raise thermal radiation strength.It was observed that higher permeability 0<K<4 hinders the acceleration of Casson fluid.Higher Brownian motion levels 0.2<Nb<0.6 correspond to lower levels of the Casson fluid concentration profile.Moreover,it is observed that chemical reaction 0.2<γ2<0.5 has an inverse relation with the concentration level of Casson fluid.The current model’s significant uses include heat energy enhancement,petroleum recovery,energy devices,food manufacturing processes,and cooling device adjustment,among others.Furthermore,present outcomes have been found in great agreementwith already publishedwork.

Heat and Mass Transfer in MHD Visco-Elastic Fluid Flow through a Porous Medium over a Stretching Sheet with Chemical Reaction

This paper presents the study of convective heat and mass transfer characteristics of an incompressible MHD visco-elastic fluid flow immersed in a porous medium over a stretching sheet with chemical reaction and thermal stratification effects. The resultant governing boundary layer equations are highly non-linear and coupled form of partial differential equations, and they have been solved by using fourth order Runge-Kutta integration scheme with Newton Raphson shooting method. Numerical computations are carried out for the non-dimensional physical parameters. Here a numerical has been carried out to study the effect of different physical parameters such as visco-elasticity, permeability of the porous medium, magnetic field, Grashof number, Schmidt number, heat source parameter and chemical reaction parameter on the flow, heat and mass transfer characteristics.

Melting heat transfer with radiative effects and homogeneous–heterogeneous reaction in thermally stratified stagnation flow embedded in porous medium

The present article deals with thermally stratified stagnation-point flow saturated in porous medium on surface of variable thickness along with more convincing and reliable surface condition termed as melting heat transfer.Homogeneous–heterogeneous reaction and radiative effects have been further taken into account to reconnoiterproperties of heat transfer.Melting heat transfer and phenomenon of homogeneous–heterogeneous reaction have engrossed widespread utilization in purification of metals,welding process,electroslag melting,biochemical systems,catalysis and several industrial developments.Suitable transformations are utilized to attain a scheme of ordinary differential equations possessing exceedingly nonlinear nature.Homotopic process is employed to develop convergent solutions of the resulting problem.Discussion regarding velocity,thermal field and concentration distribution for several involved parameters is pivotal part.Graphical behaviors of skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number are also portrayed.Concentration of the reactants is found to depreciate as a result of strength of both heterogeneous and homogeneous reaction parameters.With existence of melting phenomenon,declining attitude of fluid temperature is observed for higher radiation parameter.

Mechanism of the Interfacial Reaction of AI_2O_3/Medium Mn Steel Containing Nb

The mechanism of the interfacial reaction of Al_2O_3/medium Mn steel containing Nb was studied by means of the observation on the interfacial reaction phenomenon of Al_2O_3/medium Mn steel,and the analyses on the interracial phases.The results show that when T≥1550℃,the interfacial reac- tion of Al_2O_3/medium Mn steel containing Nb happened.In the medium Mn steel matrix,Nb exists in the form of NbC.NbC are the nucleating base of CO gas bubbles.

Facile, Direct Reaction of Benzaldehydes to 3-Arylprop-2-Enoic Acids and 3-Arylprop-2-Ynoic Acids in Aqueous Medium

Wittig reactions of benzaldehydes, alkanals, and cycloalkanals as well as of acetophenones are carried out with alkoxycarbonyl methylidenetriphenylphosphoranes in 10 w% aqueous NaOH, where the cinnamates and alkenoates produced are hydrolysed in situ and the corresponding acids are obtained after mostly simple extractive work-up, often without employing organic solvents. Under the same conditions, benzaldehydes are reacted with alkoxycarbonyl bromomethy-lidenephosphorane to produce 3-arylprop-2-ynoic acids (arylpropiolic acids).

Ball-milling MoS_2/carbon black hybrid material for catalyzing hydrogen evolution reaction in acidic medium

Replacing platinum for catalyzing hydrogen evolution reaction （HER） in acidic medium remains great chal- lenges. Herein, we prepared few-layered MoS2 by ball milling as an efficient catalyst for HER in acidic medium, The activity of as-prepared MoS2 had a strong dependence on the ball milling time, Furthermore, Ketjen Black EC 300J was added into the ball-milled MoS2 followed by a second ball milling, and the resultant MoS2/carbon black hybrid material showed a much higher HER activity than MoS2 and carbon black alone. The enhanced activity of the MoS2/carbon black hybrid material was attributed to the increased abundance of catalytic edge sites of MoS） and excellent electrical coupling to the underlving carbon network.

MHD Heat and Mass Transfer of an Oscillatory Flow over a Vertical Permeable Plate in a Porous Medium with Chemical Reaction

The problem of magneto-hydro-dynamic (MHD) mass and heat transfer of an oscillatory fluid in two-dimensional viscous, electrically conducting over an infinite vertical permeable moving plate in a saturated porous medium with the presence of a transverse magnetic field and chemical reaction is analytically presented. The governing equations, momentum, energy, and concentration are solved. Various flow parameters effects on velocity, temperature and concentration fields are discussed. It is found that, the fluid velocity increases with increasing both the permeability and chemical reaction parameters. While, it increases with decreasing the magnetic field parameter. Furthermore, the concentration increases with increasing chemical reaction parameters.

Density Functional Study on the Mechanism of Amadori Rearrangement Reaction

The reaction mechanism of amadori rearrangement in the initial stage of Maillard reaction has been investigated by means of density functional theory calculations in the gaseous phase and aqueous solution.Cyclic ribose and glycine were taken as the model in the amadori rearrangement.Reaction mechanisms have been proposed,and possibility for the formation of different compounds has been evaluated through calculating the relative energy changes for different steps of the reaction by following the total mass balance.The calculations reveal that the amadori rearrangement initialized via the intramolecular rearrangement,transferring one proton from N（3） to O（4） atom.In the next step,the second proton is also transferred from N（3） to O（4） atom,corresponding to the cleavage of C（4）-O（4） bond and the release of one water molecule.Then another proton is transferred from N（3） to C（5） atom via TS3 with the reaction barrier of 58.3 kcal·mol-1 after tunneling the effect correction calculated at the B3LYP/6-31＋G（d） level of theory,and this step is rate limiting for the whole catalytic cycle.Ultimately,the product is generated via keto-enolic tautomerization.Present calculation could provide insights into the reaction mechanism of Maillard reaction since experimental evaluation of the role of intermediates in the Maillard reaction is quite complicated.

N/S co-doped 3D carbon framework prepared by a facile morphology-controlled solid-state pyrolysis method for oxygen reduction reaction in both acidic and alkaline media

Developing high-performance non-precious metal electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is crucial for the commercialization of fuel cells and metal-air batteries.However,doped carbon-based materials only show good ORR activity in alkaline medium,and become less effective in acidic environment.We believe that an appropriate combination of both ionic and electronic transport path,and well dopant distribution of doped carbon-based materials would help to realize high ORR performance un-der both acidic and alkaline cond让ions.Accordingly,a nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon framework with hierarchical through-hole structure is fabricated by morphology-controlled solid-state pyrolysis of poly(aniline-co-2-ami no thiophenol)foam.The uniform high concentrations of nitrogen and sulfur,high intrinsic conductivity,and integrated three dimensional ionic and electronic transfer passageways of the 3D porous structure lead to synergistic effects in catalyzing ORR.As a result,the limiting current density of the carbonized poly(aniline-co-2-aminothiophenol)foam is equivalent to commercial Pt/C in acidic environment,and twice the latter in alkaline medium.

Effect of Al content on the reaction between Fe-10Mn-xAl(x=0.035wt%,0.5wt%,1wt%,and 2wt%)steel and CaO-SiO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO slag

The effect of Al content(0.035 wt%,0.5 wt%,1 wt%,and 2 wt%)on the composition change of steel and slag as well as inclusion transformation of high manganese steel after it has equilibrated with Ca O-Si O_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)-Mg O slag was studied using the method of slag/steel reaction.The experimental results showed that as the initial content of Al increased from 0.035 wt%to 2 wt%,Al gradually replaced Mn to react with Si O_(2)in slag to avoid the loss of Mn due to the reaction;this process caused both Al_(2)O_(3)in slag and Si in steel to increase while Si O_(2)and Mn O in slag to reduce.In addition,the type of inclusions also evolved as the initial Al content increased.The evolution route of inclusions was Mn O→Mn O-Al_(2)O_(3)-Mg O→Mg O→Mn O-Ca O-Al_(2)O_(3)-Mg O and Mn O-Ca O-Mg O.The shape of inclusions evolved from spherical to irregular,became faceted,and finally transformed to spherical.The average size of inclusions presented a trend that was increasing first and then decreasing.The transformation mechanism of inclusions was explored.As the initial content of Al increased,Mg and Ca were reduced from top slag into molten steel in sequence,which consequently caused the transformation of inclusions.

Chemical reaction effects on unsteady MHD flow past semi-infinite vertical porous plate with viscous dissipation

The chemical reaction effect on an unsteady magnetohydrodynamic （MHD） flow past a semi-infinite vertical porous plate with viscous dissipation is analyzed. The governing equations of motion, energy, and species are transformed into ordinary differential equations （ODEs） using the time dependent similarity parameter. The resultant ODEs are then solved numerically by a finite element method. The effects of various parameters on the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are presented graphically, and the values of the skin-friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number for various values of physical parameters are presented through tables.

Structure and Performance of Fe-N_x-C Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Prepared by Vacuum Casting Method and the Second Pyrolysis

Affordable non-precious metal（NPM） catalysts played a vital role in the wide application of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells（PEMFC）. In current work, a facile vacuum casting reacting method based on vacuum casting was introduced to prepare Fe-N_x-C oxygen reduction reaction（ORR） catalysts with high efficient in acid medium. The catalysts were prepared with ammonium ferrous sulfate hexahydrate（AFS） and 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate utilizing homemade mesoporous silica template. The heat treatment and its influence on structure and performance were systematically evaluated to achieve superior ORR performance and some clues were found. And 850 ℃ was found to be the best temperature for the first and second pyrolysis. The linear sweep voltammetry（LSV） results showed that there were only 18 mV slightly negative shifts of half-wave potential（E_（1/2）） of the optimal catalyst（749 mV） compared with the commercial Pt/C（20 μg·Pt·cm^-2）. Besides, I850 R also showed better electrochemical stability and methanol-tolerance than that of Pt/C. All evidences proved that our vacuum casting reacting strategy and heat treatment process were prospective for the future R＆D of high performance Fe-N_x-C ORR catalysts.

Influence of Low-Frequency Sonolysis on the Stability of Reactions Involving Associates

The influence of low-frequency sonolysis on the kinetics bimolecular liquid-phase reactions was studied with due regard for the association (dimers and trimers) of starting reagents. The mathematical modeling of chemical reactions that were described by nonlinear differential equations is performed. The steady states, the singular points characteristics, the nature of concentration oscillations in the reaction system are described. With increasing frequency and amplitude of low-frequency sonic waves (up to some critical value), we observed the cessation of the reaction. This observation offers an additional tool for controlling reaction rate by the external action of low-frequency vibrations. The conclusions of the work are obtained under certain assumptions. The exact determination of the critical conditions for changes in dynamics is beyond the scope of the problem.

Analysis of a Stagnation Point Flow with Hybrid Nanoparticles over a Porous Medium

The unsteady stagnation-point flow of a hybrid nanofluid over a stretching/shrinking sheet embedded in a porous medium with mass transpiration and chemical reactions is considered.The momentum and mass transfer problems are combined to form a system of partial differential equations,which is converted into a set of ordinary differential equations via similarity transformation.These ordinary differential equations are solved analytically to obtain the solution for velocity and concentration profiles in exponential and hypergeometric forms,respectively.The concentration profile is obtained for four different cases namely constant wall concentration,uniform mass flux,general power law wall con-centration and general power law mass flux.The effect of different physical parameters such as Darcy number Da^(1-1),mass transpiration parameter V_(C),stretching/shrinking parameter (d),chemical reaction parameter(β)and Schmidt number (Sc)on velocity and concentration profile is examined.Results show that,the axial velocity will decreases as the shrinking sheet parameter increases,regardless of whether the suction or injection case is examined.The concentration decreases with an increase in the shrinking sheet parameter and the chemical reaction rate parameter.

Sigma Meson Production in Nuclear Reactions

The sigma meson production in p ＋ ^12C and p A- ^40Ca reactions at the incident energy Ep = 1.5 GeV is investigated within the Quantum Molecular Dynamics model. The simulation results indicate a distinctive A dependence of the sigma production, that is, the increase of A is followed by an increase of the production cross sections. We find that the σ meson production in proton-induced reactions is strongly medium-dependent, and the produced σ mesons decaying in a denser medium experience a stronger mass shift towards lower masses. This mass shift is an experimentally accessible observable in the final state pion pairs, which do not suffer from reabsorption by the surrounding nucleons. It is pointed out that the ratio of measured sigma cross sections as a function of the sigma invariant-mass from various reactions is a good probe to explore the existence of the σ meson in a dense nuclear environment.

Joule Heating and Thermal Radiation Effects on MHD Boundary Layer Flow of a Nanofluid over an Exponentially Stretching Sheet in a Porous Medium

A numerical study on boundary layer flow behaviour, heat and mass transfer characteristics of a nanofluid over an exponentially stretching sheet in a porous medium is presented in this paper. The sheet is assumed to be permeable. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using suitable similarity transformations. The transformed equations are then solved numerically using the well known explicit finite difference scheme known as the Keller Box method. A detailed parametric study is performed to access the influence of the physical parameters on longitudinal velocity, temperature and nanoparticle volume fraction profiles as well as the local skin-friction coefficient, local Nusselt number and the local Sherwood number and then, the results are presented in both graphical and tabular forms.

碘对比剂全程化药学服务共识

目的探讨碘对比剂全程化药学服务模式,促进碘对比剂的临床合理使用。方法中国医药教育协会临床合理用药专业委员会和广东省药学会用药评价与临床科研专家委员会组织国内专家,成立《碘对比剂全程化药学服务共识》工作组,针对碘对比剂的发展历程、适应证、禁忌证、不良反应、药物相互作用、特殊人群用药、药学服务等进行文献检索、循证分析和研讨,梳理全程化药学服务的内容与流程,最终形成共识。结果制定的碘对比剂全程化药学服务共识包括检查前对患者、肾功能、合并用药和水化方案的评估,检查中有无发生对比剂外渗或发生(可疑)急性不良反应,检查后的观察时间点和随访等内容,以药学服务流程图展示各阶段的具体工作,并形成用药监护记录表用以记录工作情况。结论本共识构建了碘对比剂全程化药学服务体系,为临床医生、护理人员合理使用该类特殊药品提供了科学依据,也为药师进行相关药学服务提供了参考。

镍铁矿热炉中多物理场和还原反应的数值模拟

为了研究36 MW镍铁矿热炉的冶炼过程,建立了一种耦合还原反应的三维瞬态多物理场模型.该模型利用用户自定义函数(UDF)编译了电热转换、电磁感应、磁场扰动和还原反应的输运方程,对炉内物质的流动、质量的转化、热量的传递过程进行模拟,分析了不同时刻多物理场的变化规律和金属氧化物的还原过程.结果表明:交流电弧受电磁和高频电流的影响,出现了明显的趋肤效应和邻近效应;当冶炼时间由10 min增至40 min时,电弧底部最大焦耳热由2.38 MW/m^(3)增至10.32 MW/m^(3),磁场强度最大值由0.00379 T增至0.01397 T;当冶炼40 min时,电弧下方的氧化镍基本被还原,氧化铁被部分还原,氧化铁的质量分数由25.2%降至12.6%,且镍铁氧化物的还原速率随冶炼温度的升高呈非线性增大.

间充质干细胞治疗皮瓣缺血再灌注损伤的作用机制及优势

背景:间充质干细胞因具有抗氧化、抑制炎症反应和诱导血管新生等作用而被用于皮瓣缺血再灌注损伤中。目的:综述间充质干细胞在治疗皮瓣缺血再灌注损伤方面的作用机制和最新进展,为其进一步理论研究和临床合理应用提供依据。方法:检索CNKI中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库和PubMed数据库收录的相关文献。中文检索词为“间充质干细胞;皮瓣缺血再灌注损伤;条件培养基;外泌体;氧化应激;炎症反应;血管新生”。英文检索词为“mesenchymal stem cells;flap ischemia reperfusion injury;Conditioned medium;exosomes;Oxidative stress;Inflammatory reaction;Angiogenesis”。检索2010年以来相关文献,通过阅读文章剔除研究内容与文章主题关系不大、质量较差及内容陈旧文献,最终纳入74篇文献进行归纳总结。结果与结论:①间充质干细胞在抗氧化、抑制炎性反应及诱导血管新生等方面作用显著,在治疗皮瓣缺血再灌注损伤中蕴含着巨大潜力。②然而,间充质干细胞自身的缺陷及近年来治疗效果的下降使间充质干细胞的发展和应用陷入了瓶颈期,间充质干细胞条件培养基及其外泌体和间充质干细胞可塑性研究应运而生,且治疗效果明显优于单纯使用间充质干细胞。③因此,更全面地了解间充质干细胞治疗皮瓣缺血再灌注损伤的作用机制和最新治疗进展,对于间充质干细胞的研究和皮瓣缺血再灌注损伤的治疗都具有非常重要的意义。

孔隙—裂缝型岩溶热储热——流—化多场耦合作用机理

岩溶型热储开采过程中,储层孔隙内水岩反应会导致流动通道变形,忽略这一反应过程将导致热储产能预测偏差较大。为了揭示水岩作用下岩溶型热储孔隙和裂缝形态的演化特征,综合考虑了孔隙和裂缝内的水岩反应过程,搭建了孔隙—裂缝双重介质热—流—化多场耦合模型并验证了其准确性,进而分析了热—流—化多物理场与孔隙—裂缝形态的分布特征,探究了孔隙—裂缝内水岩反应对孔、缝变形和系统取热性能的影响。研究结果表明:(1)欠饱和注入条件下,注入井处发生溶解反应,生产30年时,裂缝开度增大了0.32%,孔隙度增大了75.76%;(2)生产30年时,考虑孔隙—裂缝内水岩反应案例的裂缝平均开度降低了0.05%,考虑裂缝而不考虑孔隙内水岩反应案例的裂缝平均开度增大了17.12%,二者呈现相反的变化趋势;(3)考虑孔隙—裂缝内水岩反应案例相比于仅考虑裂缝而不考虑孔隙内水岩反应的案例,生产30年时,生产温度相差不大,系统注采压差增大了1.57倍。结论认为:(1)岩溶型热储孔隙内水岩反应对孔、缝变形和取热性能影响显著,其改变了水岩反应对裂缝开度的作用机理,影响系统注采压差;(2)孔隙内的水岩反应不容忽视,在进行岩溶型热储产能的精确预测和经济评价时必须予以充分考虑;(3)该认识可为岩溶型热储开发方案设计和产能预测方面提供理论和技术参考。