DROUGHT-INDUCED UNKNOWN PROTEIN 1 positively modulates drought tolerance in cultivated alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)

Alfalfa is the most widely cultivated perennial legume forage crop worldwide.Drought is one of the major environmental factors influencing alfalfa productivity.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying alfalfa responses to drought stress are still largely unknown.This study identified a drought-inducible gene of unknown function,designated as Medicago sativa DROUGHT-INDUCED UNKNOWN PROTEIN 1(MsDIUP1).MsDIUP1 was localized to the nucleus,chloroplast,and plasma membranes.Overexpression of MsDIUP1 in Arabidopsis resulted in increased tolerance to drought,with higher seed germination,root length,fresh weight,and survival rate than in wild-type(WT)plants.Consistently,analysis of MsDIUP1 over-expression(OE)alfalfa plants revealed that MsDIUP1 also increased tolerance to drought stress,accompanied by physiological changes including reduced malondialdehyde(MDA)content and increased osmoprotectants accumulation(free proline and soluble sugar),relative to the WT.In contrast,disruption of MsDIUP1 expression by RNA interference(RNAi)in alfalfa resulted in a droughthypersensitive phenotype,with a lower chlorophyll content,higher MDA content,and less osmoprotectants accumulation than that of the WT.Transcript profiling of alfalfa WT,OE,and RNAi plants during drought stress showed differential responses for genes involved in stress signaling,antioxidant defense,and osmotic adjustment.Taken together,these results reveal a positive role for MsDIUP1 in regulating drought tolerance.

Genetic Diversity of Tunisian and Chinese Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Revealed by RAPD and ISSR Markers

Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most important forage crops in the world. The genetic variability analysis of 19 alfalfa populations collected from three sites in South Tunisia (Gabes, Kebili, Tozeur) and 1 from North West China were carried out using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. Five RAPD primers amplified 44 bands of which 22 were polymorphic;and five ISSR primers amplified 51 bands of which 33 were polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic bands detected by RAPD and ISSR was 50% and 64.7%, respectively. The resolving power (Rp) varied between 0.6 and 4.1 with an average of 2.02 for RAPD marker and between 0.7 and 6.5 with an average of 2.28 for ISSR marker. However the Average Informativeness band (AvIb) was ranged from 0.2 to 0.9 with an average of 0.5 in RAPD marker and from 0.29 to 0.7 with an average of 0.624 in ISSR marker. The RAPD marker revealed less within population genetic diversity than ISSR marker. Although Cluster (UPGMA) and Correspondence Factorial Analyses (CFA) indicate that populations’ clustering made independently both from the geographical origin.

Comparative transcriptome analyses reveal that the MsNST1 gene affects lignin synthesis in alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)

As the second most abundant natural polymer,accounting for approximately 30%of the organic carbon in the biosphere,lignin plays an essential role in plant development.However,a high lignin content affects the nutritional quality of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.),the most widely cultivated perennial legume forage crop.Histological analysis indicated that G-lignin and S-lignin were present in the stem,leaf,and petiole of alfalfa,and the deposition of lignin increased gradually in descending internodes.Neutral detergent fiber(NDF),acid detergent fiber(ADF),and acid detergent lignin(ADL)contents continually increased from the top to the bottom of the stem,and ADL content showed a similar trend in leaves.Alfalfa leaves and stems from five different nodes(1,2,4,6,and 8)were used as materials to investigate molecular regulatory mechanisms in lignin synthesis by RNA sequencing.Respectively 8074 and 7752 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified in leaves and stems,and 1694 DEGs were common to the two tissues.‘‘Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis”was the most enriched pathway in both leaves and stems,and 134 key regulatory genes in lignin synthesis were identified by a weighted gene co-expression network analysis.The NAC family transcription factor MsNST1 gene was highly expressed in old leaf and stem tissues.The deposition pattern of G-and S-lignin differed among M.truncatula wild-type,nst1 mutants,and overexpression lines,and the transcription levels of lignin synthesis genes such as HCT,F5H,and COMT in these three materials also differed.These results suggest that MsNST1 affects lignin synthesis in alfalfa.These findings provide a genetic basis and abundant gene resources for further study of the molecular mechanisms of lignin synthesis,laying a foundation for low-lignin alfalfa breeding research.

In vitro Evaluation of Seed Germination in Twelve Alfalfa Cultivars under Salt Stress

Alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.),when exposed to abiotic stress such as salinity,suffers significant losses in yield and productivity.The present study evaluated the salinity tolerance of 12 alfalfa cultivars in vitro using five concentrations of sodium chloride(NaCl),ranging from 0 to 250 mmol L^(−1).The results obtained in the current study revealed that the Saudi cultivars,Kasimi and Hassawi,and the German cultivar(Berlin)had the highest salinity tolerance in terms of germination percentage(GP),corrected germination rate index(CGRI),days to reach 50%germination(GT_(50)),and ability to form cotyledonary and true leaves.Under mmol L^(−1) NaCl,the Saudi cultivar Kasimi cultivar showed GP,CGRI,and GT_(50) of 55.20%,123.15,and 3.77 days,respectively.Similarly,the German cultivar(Berlin)showed GP,CGRI,and GT_(50) of 50.06%,86.61,and 5.17 days,respectively.These findings might reveal a pivotal aspect in salt tolerance in alfalfa.Our results will help to select salt-tolerant alfalfa cultivars that could thrive in arid and semi-arid areas with salinity problems.

Effects of EDTA and Zn Stress on Physiological Characteristics of Medicago sativa L.

[Objectives]The paper was better understand the mechanisms of Zn plant uptake in the presence of EDTA and to evaluate the contributions of Zn-EDTA complexes to Zn uptake.[Methods]Three alfalfa cultivars were cultivated for 60 d before exposure to 0,250μg Zn and 250μg Zn+10μg EDTA per kg soil for 50 d.Zn concentrations in tissues were analyzed by flame atomic absorbance spectrometry.Subsequently,Zn amount per plant,translocation factor(TF)and bio-concentration factor(BCF)were calculated.Nonenzymatic compounds in tissues were analyzed spectrophotometrically.[Results]Application of Zn+EDTA expressively increased biomass of different tissues of three alfalfa cultivars.Among the three alfalfa cultivars,Medicago sativa ssp.displayed the highest Zn concentration in tissues,the largest Zn amount in aerial parts,and the highest BCF in aerial parts under Zn+EDTA exposure.Under Zn+EDTA stress,increases in free proline in roots,stem,and leaves of M.sativa ssp.were found.Inhibited O_(2)^(·-)production in stem and leaves,increases in soluble sugar,but decreases in soluble protein were observed in M.sativa ssp.[Conclusions]M.sativa ssp.is superior to other two cultivars for Zn phyto-remediation,and its well-coordinated physiological changes under Zn+EDTA exposure confer the great Zn tolerance of this cultivar.

Research Advances of Root Rot in Medicago sativa L.

As the most famous perennial leguminous forage in the world, Medicago sativa L. ranks the first in both yield and nutritional value, and can be used for many years once planted in field production. However, root rot has become a very important reason for yield decrease and plant de-cline of alfalfa due to long service life. According to the research progress at home and abroad, the main pathogen distribution, harms and control methods of root rot in M. sativa at home and abroad were systematically expounded, in order to provide a theoretical basis for further research of the disease.

宁南山区紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)土壤干层水分动态及草粮轮作恢复效应

以各类作物农田水分为对照，连续两年对宁南山区不同生长年限苜蓿深层土壤水分以及10年生苜蓿地耕翻后轮作不同年份作物农田的水分进行了测定。结果表明，随着苜蓿生长年限的增加，干层深度与厚度先增加后减小。3年生苜蓿干层深度为720cm，6年生干层最深可达1000cm以下，10年生干层深度为920cm，3—12年生苜蓿地0—700cm土层基本上均属于土壤干层范围。苜蓿地0—800cm土壤湿度随生长年限增加而降低，2004年测定的4、7年生和12年生苜蓿地0—700cm土层平均含水率分别为5．30％、5．22％和5．01％；2005年测定的3、6年生和10年生苜蓿地0—800cm土层湿度分别为6．26％、5．60％和5．27％；而800～1000cm土层湿度在一定年限后有恢复趋势。300cm为苜蓿地降水下渗的最大临界深度，300cm以下土壤干层一旦形成，将长期存在，7—12年生苜蓿300～700cm土层湿度仅维持在4．0％左右。苜蓿地和农田的土壤干层厚度与湿度有较大差异，草粮轮作可使苜蓿土壤干层水分基本恢复到农田湿度，而且轮作年份越长，土壤各层次水分恢复效果越好，10年生苜蓿轮作18年后土壤水分基本恢复到农田状态。

不同品种紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)的化感效应研究

用砂培法研究紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)的六个品种苗期地上部分水浸提液对鸭茅(Dactylis glomerataL.)的化感效应。结果表明,紫花苜蓿六个品种茎叶水浸提液对鸭茅的化感效应在供试品种间差异显著。游客、苜蓿对鸭茅的种子发芽及幼苗生长有抑制作用,但游客却对鸭茅的苗干重有促进作用;三得利和赛迪对鸭茅的种子发芽、根长及根干重有抑制作用,却对苗生长的影响无显著差异。此外,供试紫花苜蓿浸提液对鸭茅的化感作用,随着浓度的升高,抑制作用随之增强。

紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)Tify基因家族的鉴定、生物信息学及表达模式分析

Tify基因家族是植物特有的基因家族,在植物生长发育、响应逆境胁迫和信号转导等方面发挥着重要作用。为了研究紫花苜蓿中Tify基因家族及其在非生物胁迫下的响应,本研究在紫花苜蓿中鉴定出84个Tify基因并对其进行染色体定位、基因结构分析等方面的生物信息学分析,并随机挑选Ms Tify6、Ms Tify32、MsTify46、MsTify48、Ms Tify65五个基因进行盐、碱、干旱胁迫下的RT-qPCR分析。理化性质及结构分析表明:除MsTify1、Ms Tify2、MsTify3外的其余81个基因在除7号染色体外的7条染色体上呈不均匀分布。RT-qPCR结果显示了MsTify基因对盐、碱、干旱等非生物胁迫有明显的响应,在调控逆境胁迫中发挥着关键性作用。为后续研究Tify基因提供了新的理论基础。

Changes of Proline Content,Activity,and Active Isoforms of Antioxidative Enzymes in Two Alfalfa Cultivars Under Salt Stress

The plants of two elfalfa （Medicago sativa L.） cultivars differing in salt tolerance were subjected to three salt treatments, 70, 140, and 210 mM NaCl for 7 days. Root, shoot, and leaf growths were inhibited by increased salt treatments in both cultivars, and at 140 and 210 mM salt treatments, Zhongmu 1 had significantly higher root, shoot, and leaf dry weights per plant than Deft. The malondialdehyde （MDA） accumulation in Deft was considerably greater than in Zhongmu 1, indicating a higher degree of lipid peroxidation at 140 and 210 mM salt treatments. The changes in the activity and active isoforms of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase （SOD, EC 1.15.1.1）, catalase （CAT, EC 1.11.1.6）, peroxidase （POD, EC 1.11.1.7）, and ascorbate peroxidase （APOX, EC 1.11,1.11）, accumulation of free proline, and rate of lipid peroxidation in leaves of two alfalfa cultivars were also investigated. After stress, the activity and active isoforms of antioxidative enzymes were altered and the extent of alteration varied between the cultivar Deft and Zhongmu 1. The proline accumulation in Deft was considerably greater than in Zhongmu 1 at 210 mM salt treatment. This indicated that proline accumulation may be the result, instead of the cause, of salt tolerance.

Effect of nitrogen fertilization on yield, N content, and nitrogen fixation of alfalfa and smooth bromegrass grown alone or in mixture in greenhouse pots

Planting grass and legume mixtures on improved grasslands has the potential advantage of realizing both higher yields and lower environmental pollution by optimizing the balance between applied N fertilizer and the natural process of legume biological nitrogen fixation. However, the optimal level of N fertilization for grass-legume mixtures, to obtain the highest yield, quality, and contribution of N2 fixation, varies with species. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to study the temporal dynamics of N2 fixation of alfalfa （Medicago sativa L.） grown alone and in mixture with smooth bromegrass （Bromus inermis Leyss.） in response to the addition of fertilizer N. Three levels of N （0, 75, and 150 kg ha-1） were examined using 15N-labeled urea to evaluate N2 fixation via the 15N isotope dilution method. Treatments were designated NO （0.001 g per pot）, N75 （1.07 g per pot） and N150 （2.14 g per pot）. Alfalfa grown alone did not benefit from the addition of fertilizer N; dry matter was not significantly increased. In contrast, dry weight and N content of smooth bromegrass grown alone was increased significantly by N application. When grown as a mixture, smooth bromegrass biomass was increased significantly by N application, resulted in a decrease in alfalfa biomass. In addition, individual alfalfa plant dry weight （shoots＋roots） was significantly lower in the mixture than when grown alone at all N levels. Smooth bromegrass shoot and root dry weight were significantly higher when grown with alfalfa than when grown alone, regardless of N application level. When grown alone, alfalfa＇s N2 fixation was reduced with N fertilization （R2=0.9376,P=0.0057）. When grown in a mixture with smooth bromegrass, with 75 kg ha-1 of N fertilizer, the percentage of atmospheric N2 fixation contribution to total N in alfalfa （%Ndfa） had a maximum of 84.07 and 83.05% in the 2nd and 3rd harvests, respectively. Total 3-harvest %Ndfa was higher when alfalfa was grown in a mixture than when grown alone （shoots： ｜t｜=3.39, P=0.0096; root： ｜t｜=3.57, P=0.0073）. We believe this was due to smooth bromegrass being better able to absorb available soil N （due to its fibrous root system）, resulting inlower soil N availability and allowing alfalfa to develop an effective N2 fixing symbiosis prior to the 1st harvest. Once soil N levels were depleted, alfalfa was able to fix N2, resulting in the majority of its tissue N being derived from biological nitrogen fixation （BNF） in the 2nd and 3rd harvests. When grown in a mixture, with added N, alfalfa established an effective symbiosis earlier than when grown alone; in monoculture BNF did not contribute a significant portion of plant N in the N75 and N150 treatments, whereas in the mixture, BNF contributed 17.90 and 16.28% for these treatments respectively. Alfalfa has a higher BNF efficiency when grown in a mixture, initiating BNF earlier, and having higher N2 fixation due to less inhibition by soil-available N. For the greatest N-use-efficiency and sustainable production, grass-legume mixtures are recommended for imDrovino orasslands, usino a moderate amount of N fertilizer （75 kq N ha-l） to provide optimum benefits.

Overexpression of a Cytosolic Ascorbate Peroxidase Gene, OsAPX2, Increases Salt Tolerance in Transgenic Alfalfa

Alfalfa （Medicago sativa L.） is an important forage crop in the world and it is of great signiifcance for the improvement of its salt tolerance. To improve salt tolerance in alfalfa, a rice ascorbate peroxidase gene （OsAPX2） was introduced into alfalfa using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation with marker gene bar. The different T-DNA insertions in T1 transgenic alfalfa were identiifed by Southern hybridization. Three independent T2 transgenic lines were selected for stress analysis and the results showed that all of them were salt tolerant compared with wild-type plants. The transgenic plants had low levels of H2O2, malondialdehyde and relative electrical conductivity under salt and drought stresses. Moreover, the contents of chlorophyll and proline, and APX activity were high in transgenic plants under salt and drought stresses. Taken together, the overexpression of OsAPX2 enhances salt tolerance in alfalfa through scavenging reactive oxygen species.

紫花苜蓿花期调控基因MsCOL2的克隆及功能研究

开花是植物由营养生长过渡到生殖生长的转折点,紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)的产量和品质与开花时间密切相关。光周期是影响植物开花的重要因素之一,CONSTANS-like(COL)基因家族在光周期开花调控途径中发挥重要的作用。为揭示COL家族基因在紫花苜蓿开花调控中的功能,本研究克隆了MsCOL2基因,该基因编码401个氨基酸;组织差异性表达分析显示,MsCOL2在花中表达量最高;花不同发育时期表达分析显示,MsCOL2在花芽分化期表达量最高;在不同光周期条件下,MsCOL2的表达水平具有不同的节律性表达;外源激素50μmol·L^(-1)赤霉素和100μmol·L^(-1)水杨酸处理后,MsCOL2表达水平呈现不同的变化趋势。为了验证过表达MsCOL2对开花相关基因表达的影响,分析了过表达MsCOL2株系中开花相关基因的表达水平,结果显示促进开花基因的表达水平下调,抑制开花基因的表达水平上调。表型观察显示,过表达株系延迟开花,表明MsCOL2对延迟开花有重要的调节作用。

Effects of Transparent Testa8(TT8) gene and Homeobox12(HB12) gene silencing in alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.) on molecular structure spectral profile in relation to energy,degradation,and fermentation characteristics in ruminant systems

Alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.) is a legume forage that is widely cultivated owing to its high biomass yield and favorable nutrient values. However, alfalfa contains relatively high lignin, which limits its utilization.Downregulation of two transcriptional factors, Transparent Testa8(TT8) and Homeobox12(HB12), has been proposed to reduce lignin content in alfalfa. Therefore, silencing of TT8(TT8i) and HB12(HB12i) in alfalfa was achieved by RNAi technology. The objective of this project was to determine effect of gene modification through silencing of TT8 and HB12 genes in alfalfa plants on lignin and phenolic content,bioenergic value, nutrient supply from rumen degradable and undegradable fractions, and in vitro ammonia production in response to the silencing of TT8 and HB12 genes in alfalfa. All gene silenced alfalfa plants(5 TT8i and 11 HB12i) were grown under greenhouse conditions with wild type as a control.Samples were analyzed for bioactive compounds, degradation fractions, truly digestible nutrients, energetic values and in vitro ammonia productions in ruminant systems. Furthermore, relationships between physiochemical, metabolic and fermentation characteristics and molecular spectral parameters were determined using vibrational molecular spectroscopy. Results showed that the HB12i had higher lignin, while TT8i had higher phenolics. Both silenced genotypes had higher rumen slowly degraded carbohydrate fractions and truly digestible neutral detergent fiber, but lower rumen degradable protein fractions. Moreover, the HB12i had lower truly digestible crude protein, energetic values and ammonia production compared with other silenced genotypes. In addition, in relation to the nutritive values of alfalfa, structural carbohydrate parameters were negatively correlated, whereas alpha/beta ratio in protein structure was positively correlated. Furthermore, good predictions were obtained for degradation of protein and carbohydrate fractions and energy values from molecular spectral parameters. In conclusion, silencing of the TT8 and HB12 genes decreased protein availability and increased fiber availability. Silencing of the HB12 gene also increased lignin and decreased energy and rumen ammonia production. Moreover, nutritional alterations were closely correlated with molecular spectral parameters. Therefore, gene modification through silencing the TT8 and HB12 genes in alfalfa influenced physiochemical, metabolic and fermentation characteristics.

外源lea3基因转化紫花苜蓿的研究

将来源于大麦的lea3基因通过基因枪法导入紫花苜蓿栽培品种“中苜一号”的胚性愈伤组织中,经过膦丝菌素类除草剂(PPT)的4次筛选获得抗性愈伤组织,诱导分化后共获得21株抗性再生植株。经叶片涂抹除草剂试验和lea3基因的PCR分子检测证明,lea3基因已整合到紫花苜蓿的基因组中。与对照植株相比,获得的转基因植株具有显著增强的耐盐能力,表明遗传转化lea3基因可用于苜蓿抗旱耐盐新品种的选育。

紫花苜蓿耐盐性相关NAC转录因子的挖掘及表达分析

NAC(NAM,ATAF1/2,CUC2)是植物特有的一类转录因子家族,可调控植物响应盐胁迫。本研究基于盐胁迫下紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)耐盐品种GIB和盐敏感品种LS根和叶的转录组数据,通过生物信息学方法筛选出17个差异表达的MsNAC转录因子家族成员,并对其序列特征、系统进化、顺式作用元件及盐胁迫下的表达模式等进行分析。结果显示,17个MsNACs均具有NAC典型的NAM结构域,且蛋白结构相似。系统进化分析将17个MsNACs分成8个亚族,各亚组成员具有高度相似的保守基序。顺式作用元件分析发现,有15个MsNACs具有ABA响应顺式元件ABRE。转录组数据表达模式分析与RT-qPCR验证结果显示MsNAC1,MsNAC2,MsNAC35,MsJUB1和MsNAC40基因在盐处理下GIB叶中上调表达,在LS叶中下调或者未发生变化,推测这些基因参与调控紫花苜蓿的耐盐反应。本研究为进一步研究紫花苜蓿NAC转录因子响应盐胁迫功能提供参考依据。

紫花苜蓿田苜蓿蚜虫诱集技术优化

苜蓿蚜虫是紫花苜蓿田的一类重要害虫,主要种类有豌豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon pisum)、苜蓿蚜(Aphis craccivora)及苜蓿斑蚜(Therioaphis trifolii)。为优化紫花苜蓿田苜蓿蚜虫的诱集技术,为防治苜蓿田蚜虫制定科学详尽的综合防控策略提供科学依据,分别于2021、2022年连续2 a测定苜蓿生长期8种颜色诱虫板、2个悬挂高度、2个田间位置、每日4个时段等因素对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)田内苜蓿蚜虫诱集量的影响。结果表明,蓝色诱虫板对苜蓿蚜虫具有强烈趋性且对天敌影响小,2 a平均诱集量分别为57、56头/板;蓝色诱虫板悬挂高度在50 cm处诱集效果显著高于20 cm处;诱虫板放置在田间边缘地段较中央地段诱虫板的诱集效果好;在每日监测的4个时段内,下午至黄昏时分(15:00—19:00)诱集到苜蓿蚜虫的数量最多。此外,监测了苜蓿蚜虫的年种群动态发生规律,即每年7月中下旬苜蓿蚜虫为害达到高峰;第2茬诱集到的苜蓿蚜虫最多,而每一茬次苜蓿在现蕾期蚜虫为害最严重。综上,蓝色诱虫板放置在田间边缘地段,悬挂高度为50 cm,在每天15:00—19:00诱集,可以达到较好的苜蓿蚜虫诱集效果。

NaCl胁迫对不同苜蓿种质苗期生长特性的影响

试验以来自俄罗斯的48份苜蓿种质为研究材料,采用室内盆栽法,在0.3%,0.4%,0.5%,0.6%NaCL胁迫下,通过测定不同种质的存活率、株高、地上、地下生物量等形态指标,分析了不同NaCl浓度胁迫对苜蓿种质苗期生长特性的影响,并运用聚类分析法对引进种质的耐盐性进行综合评价。结果表明:随着盐浓度的增加,供试苜蓿种质的存活率、株高、地上生物量、地下生物量呈下降趋势,不同材料间表现出显著性差异,试验共筛选出ZXY05P-776、ZXY05P-1026、ZXY05P-1091、ZXY05P-1104、ZXY05P-1040、ZXY05P-785、ZXY05P-809、ZXY05P-857、ZXY05P-820、ZXY05P-1115、ZXY05P-1140、ZXY05P-1232、ZXY05P-1215、ZXY07P-3537等15份耐盐性较强的种质。

NaCl胁迫对苜蓿和羊草生长与水分利用的影响

通过室内模拟试验研究了干旱土壤中NaCl胁迫对苜蓿和羊草生长和水分利用的影响。结果表明 ,在干旱土壤中 ,羊草和苜蓿株高、根长、干物质积累量、相对生长率 (RGR)和蒸散量随盐度增加显著降低。羊草生长的临界土壤溶液NaCl浓度为 2 5 3mmol/L ,临界土壤含盐量为 0 .6 0 % ;苜蓿生长的临界土壤溶液NaCl浓度为 115mmol/L ,临界土壤含盐量为 0 .33%。羊草的蒸散水分利用率 (WUEET)、钾钠吸收选择性和运输选择性在NaCl 2 5～ 2 2 5mmol/L(总盐 0 .17%～ 0 .5 3% )时 ,随盐度增加而提高 ;而在高盐条件下 (NaCl 2 75～ 32 5mmol/L ,0 .6 3%～0 .73% ) ,则随盐度的增加明显降低。当盐度超过 12 5mmol/L (总盐 >0 .34% )后 ,苜蓿的蒸散水分利用率(WUEET)随盐度水平的增加显著降低。苜蓿植株的钾钠吸收选择性和运输选择性在不同盐度处理表现不一致。

20个苜蓿品种对炭疽病(Colletotrichum truncatum)的抗性测定

以20个苜蓿(Medicagosativa L.)品种为材料,研究其对苜蓿炭疽病(Colletotrichum truncatum)的抗性。通过对不同苜蓿品种抗苜蓿炭疽病的室内鉴定,以苜蓿的病叶量作为测定指标并对数据进行聚类分析。结果表明,不同品种抗苜蓿炭疽病能力的强弱不同,通过聚类分析将供试品种划分为4个类群,以ProINTA Patricia和Victoria SPI对苜蓿炭疽病的抗性最好,Defi德福、Lobo路宝、Salado萨兰多、新疆大叶苜蓿和Travois的抗病性最差,其他品种呈中等抗性。