Classical survival analysis assumes all subjects will experience the event of interest, but in some cases, a portion of the population may never encounter the event. These survival methods further assume independent s...Classical survival analysis assumes all subjects will experience the event of interest, but in some cases, a portion of the population may never encounter the event. These survival methods further assume independent survival times, which is not valid for honey bees, which live in nests. The study introduces a semi-parametric marginal proportional hazards mixture cure (PHMC) model with exchangeable correlation structure, using generalized estimating equations for survival data analysis. The model was tested on clustered right-censored bees survival data with a cured fraction, where two bee species were subjected to different entomopathogens to test the effect of the entomopathogens on the survival of the bee species. The Expectation-Solution algorithm is used to estimate the parameters. The study notes a weak positive association between cure statuses (ρ1=0.0007) and survival times for uncured bees (ρ2=0.0890), emphasizing their importance. The odds of being uncured for A. mellifera is higher than the odds for species M. ferruginea. The bee species, A. mellifera are more susceptible to entomopathogens icipe 7, icipe 20, and icipe 69. The Cox-Snell residuals show that the proposed semiparametric PH model generally fits the data well as compared to model that assume independent correlation structure. Thus, the semi parametric marginal proportional hazards mixture cure is parsimonious model for correlated bees survival data.展开更多
Jack London(1876-1916) is known as an American novelist in the early 20 th century. He lived in the gilded times that were full of different kinds of trend of thought in literature and art. His experiences made his li...Jack London(1876-1916) is known as an American novelist in the early 20 th century. He lived in the gilded times that were full of different kinds of trend of thought in literature and art. His experiences made his life more colorful. He saw the cruelty of Capitalism and spoke for Socialism with his words. His novels, The Call of the Wild, The leading character, in their own way, witnessed the survival of the fittest in their life. Jack London told the unchanged truth — the survival of the fittest in his brilliant words. It is difficult to change the world, but easy to change oneself. One adjusts to his life space with his"evolution",and one goes in a new environment where every cloud has a silver lining.展开更多
Chinese cotton textile regime that houses 2.5 million employees, 26.5% of the total employment of the entire textile industry in China, will progress to produce 17 million tons of cotton yarn and 72 billion meters of ...Chinese cotton textile regime that houses 2.5 million employees, 26.5% of the total employment of the entire textile industry in China, will progress to produce 17 million tons of cotton yarn and 72 billion meters of cotton cloth by the end of the next five-year- plan period, consuming 10 million tons of cotton. "A marvelous & quality-led growth to arrive at this destination, the technologi- cal improvement and industrial restructur- ing & upgrading will play the leading role in the strategic scenario." emphasized by Xu Wenying, President of China Cotton Tex- tile Association.展开更多
Gone With the Wind is a historical fiction novel with vivid descriptions of the Old South,the Civil War and the Recon struction.This is an incredibly well written book about the death of old civilization and the strug...Gone With the Wind is a historical fiction novel with vivid descriptions of the Old South,the Civil War and the Recon struction.This is an incredibly well written book about the death of old civilization and the struggles to survive in the new era.It is ultimately the story of one person,Scarlet O'Hara.Scarlet is keeping on changing during the three periods of the novel—her girlhood,the period of the Civil War and the Reconstruction.Through the analysis of the formation and changing of Scarlet’s characters,this paper will make a further elaboration on the Darwinian concept of"survival of the fittest"and feminism.展开更多
Social Darwinism is an important theory reflected in Sister Carrie. This thesis is to interpret the characters' fates with Social Darwinism."Survival of the fittest"is an important theme. Carrie is the w...Social Darwinism is an important theory reflected in Sister Carrie. This thesis is to interpret the characters' fates with Social Darwinism."Survival of the fittest"is an important theme. Carrie is the winner of life and Hurtwood is the loser. Their adjustability to the environment determines their future. It is hoped to help the readers construct a better understanding on this theory.展开更多
It is demonstrated that the recently introduced semantic intelligence spontaneously maintains bounded logical and quantal error on each and every semantic trajectory, unlike its algorithmic counterpart which is not ab...It is demonstrated that the recently introduced semantic intelligence spontaneously maintains bounded logical and quantal error on each and every semantic trajectory, unlike its algorithmic counterpart which is not able to. This result verifies the conclusion about the assignment of equal evolutionary value to the motion on the set of all the semantic trajectories sharing the same homeostatic pattern. The evolutionary value of permanent and spontaneous maintenance of boundedness of logical and quantal error on each and every semantic trajectory is to make available spontaneous maintenance of the notion of a kind intact in the long run.展开更多
Jack London is one of the most outstanding naturalistic writers in America who composed many renowned full-length novels.Jack London’s short story,"To Build a Fire"is a good reflection of naturalistic tende...Jack London is one of the most outstanding naturalistic writers in America who composed many renowned full-length novels.Jack London’s short story,"To Build a Fire"is a good reflection of naturalistic tendencies.It chooses"To Build a Fire"so as to fully understand his perspective of naturalism.First,it provides a brief introduction to Jack London and this short story.Second,it specifically displays naturalism in this short story from four aspects.Among them,objective authenticity is the most distinctive feature in naturalistic elements.Meanwhile,his literature creation is also deeply influenced by Darwin’s theory of evolution.It aims to investigate gold seeker’s failure that reflects natural selection and theory of survival of the fittest.Finally,it concludes that only by respecting nature can human beings survive in natural selection.Through the analysis of gold seeker’s tragic fate,it warns that the readers should master wild survival skills and live in harmony with nature.展开更多
On a dry land where grass turns yellow and droopy,the strong bull is served as a nice bite of beef for an even stronger predator,an attacking lion. Yes,that's the principle of Darwin's theory-the survival of t...On a dry land where grass turns yellow and droopy,the strong bull is served as a nice bite of beef for an even stronger predator,an attacking lion. Yes,that's the principle of Darwin's theory-the survival of the fittest.展开更多
Background:Liver resection and local ablation are the only curative treatment for non-cirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Few data exist concerning the prognosis of patients resected for non-cirrhotic HCC.The obje...Background:Liver resection and local ablation are the only curative treatment for non-cirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Few data exist concerning the prognosis of patients resected for non-cirrhotic HCC.The objectives of this study were to determine the prognostic factors of recurrence-free survival(RFS)and overall survival(OS)and to develop a prognostication algorithm for non-cirrhotic HCC.Methods:French multicenter retrospective study including HCC patients with non-cirrhotic liver without underlying viral hepatitis:F0,F1 or F2 fibrosis.Results:A total of 467 patients were included in 11 centers from 2010 to 2018.Non-cirrhotic liver had a fibrosis score of F0(n=237,50.7%),F1(n=127,27.2%)or F2(n=103,22.1%).OS and RFS at 5 years were 59.2%and 34.5%,respectively.In multivariate analysis,microvascular invasion and HCC differentiation were prognostic factors of OS and RFS and the number and size were prognostic factors of RFS(P<0.005).Stratification based on RFS provided an algorithm based on size(P=0.013)and number(P<0.001):2 HCC with the largest nodule≤10 cm(n=271,Group 1);2 HCC with a nodule>10 cm(n=176,Group 2);>2 HCC regardless of size Conclusions:We developed a prognostication algorithm based on the number(≤or>2)and size(≤or>10 cm),which could be used as a treatment decision support concerning the need for perioperative therapy.In case of bifocal HCC,surgery should not be a contraindication.展开更多
文摘Classical survival analysis assumes all subjects will experience the event of interest, but in some cases, a portion of the population may never encounter the event. These survival methods further assume independent survival times, which is not valid for honey bees, which live in nests. The study introduces a semi-parametric marginal proportional hazards mixture cure (PHMC) model with exchangeable correlation structure, using generalized estimating equations for survival data analysis. The model was tested on clustered right-censored bees survival data with a cured fraction, where two bee species were subjected to different entomopathogens to test the effect of the entomopathogens on the survival of the bee species. The Expectation-Solution algorithm is used to estimate the parameters. The study notes a weak positive association between cure statuses (ρ1=0.0007) and survival times for uncured bees (ρ2=0.0890), emphasizing their importance. The odds of being uncured for A. mellifera is higher than the odds for species M. ferruginea. The bee species, A. mellifera are more susceptible to entomopathogens icipe 7, icipe 20, and icipe 69. The Cox-Snell residuals show that the proposed semiparametric PH model generally fits the data well as compared to model that assume independent correlation structure. Thus, the semi parametric marginal proportional hazards mixture cure is parsimonious model for correlated bees survival data.
文摘Jack London(1876-1916) is known as an American novelist in the early 20 th century. He lived in the gilded times that were full of different kinds of trend of thought in literature and art. His experiences made his life more colorful. He saw the cruelty of Capitalism and spoke for Socialism with his words. His novels, The Call of the Wild, The leading character, in their own way, witnessed the survival of the fittest in their life. Jack London told the unchanged truth — the survival of the fittest in his brilliant words. It is difficult to change the world, but easy to change oneself. One adjusts to his life space with his"evolution",and one goes in a new environment where every cloud has a silver lining.
文摘Chinese cotton textile regime that houses 2.5 million employees, 26.5% of the total employment of the entire textile industry in China, will progress to produce 17 million tons of cotton yarn and 72 billion meters of cotton cloth by the end of the next five-year- plan period, consuming 10 million tons of cotton. "A marvelous & quality-led growth to arrive at this destination, the technologi- cal improvement and industrial restructur- ing & upgrading will play the leading role in the strategic scenario." emphasized by Xu Wenying, President of China Cotton Tex- tile Association.
文摘Gone With the Wind is a historical fiction novel with vivid descriptions of the Old South,the Civil War and the Recon struction.This is an incredibly well written book about the death of old civilization and the struggles to survive in the new era.It is ultimately the story of one person,Scarlet O'Hara.Scarlet is keeping on changing during the three periods of the novel—her girlhood,the period of the Civil War and the Reconstruction.Through the analysis of the formation and changing of Scarlet’s characters,this paper will make a further elaboration on the Darwinian concept of"survival of the fittest"and feminism.
文摘Social Darwinism is an important theory reflected in Sister Carrie. This thesis is to interpret the characters' fates with Social Darwinism."Survival of the fittest"is an important theme. Carrie is the winner of life and Hurtwood is the loser. Their adjustability to the environment determines their future. It is hoped to help the readers construct a better understanding on this theory.
文摘It is demonstrated that the recently introduced semantic intelligence spontaneously maintains bounded logical and quantal error on each and every semantic trajectory, unlike its algorithmic counterpart which is not able to. This result verifies the conclusion about the assignment of equal evolutionary value to the motion on the set of all the semantic trajectories sharing the same homeostatic pattern. The evolutionary value of permanent and spontaneous maintenance of boundedness of logical and quantal error on each and every semantic trajectory is to make available spontaneous maintenance of the notion of a kind intact in the long run.
文摘Jack London is one of the most outstanding naturalistic writers in America who composed many renowned full-length novels.Jack London’s short story,"To Build a Fire"is a good reflection of naturalistic tendencies.It chooses"To Build a Fire"so as to fully understand his perspective of naturalism.First,it provides a brief introduction to Jack London and this short story.Second,it specifically displays naturalism in this short story from four aspects.Among them,objective authenticity is the most distinctive feature in naturalistic elements.Meanwhile,his literature creation is also deeply influenced by Darwin’s theory of evolution.It aims to investigate gold seeker’s failure that reflects natural selection and theory of survival of the fittest.Finally,it concludes that only by respecting nature can human beings survive in natural selection.Through the analysis of gold seeker’s tragic fate,it warns that the readers should master wild survival skills and live in harmony with nature.
文摘On a dry land where grass turns yellow and droopy,the strong bull is served as a nice bite of beef for an even stronger predator,an attacking lion. Yes,that's the principle of Darwin's theory-the survival of the fittest.
文摘Background:Liver resection and local ablation are the only curative treatment for non-cirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Few data exist concerning the prognosis of patients resected for non-cirrhotic HCC.The objectives of this study were to determine the prognostic factors of recurrence-free survival(RFS)and overall survival(OS)and to develop a prognostication algorithm for non-cirrhotic HCC.Methods:French multicenter retrospective study including HCC patients with non-cirrhotic liver without underlying viral hepatitis:F0,F1 or F2 fibrosis.Results:A total of 467 patients were included in 11 centers from 2010 to 2018.Non-cirrhotic liver had a fibrosis score of F0(n=237,50.7%),F1(n=127,27.2%)or F2(n=103,22.1%).OS and RFS at 5 years were 59.2%and 34.5%,respectively.In multivariate analysis,microvascular invasion and HCC differentiation were prognostic factors of OS and RFS and the number and size were prognostic factors of RFS(P<0.005).Stratification based on RFS provided an algorithm based on size(P=0.013)and number(P<0.001):2 HCC with the largest nodule≤10 cm(n=271,Group 1);2 HCC with a nodule>10 cm(n=176,Group 2);>2 HCC regardless of size Conclusions:We developed a prognostication algorithm based on the number(≤or>2)and size(≤or>10 cm),which could be used as a treatment decision support concerning the need for perioperative therapy.In case of bifocal HCC,surgery should not be a contraindication.
