Effect of Various Alkaline Oxides on Broadband Near-infrared Luminescence from Bismuth-Doped Muminophosphate Glasses

We reported effect of various alkaline oxides on the broadband infrared luminescence from bismuth-doped aluminophosphate glasses. The samples of （99-x）P2O3-17Al2O3-xR2O-IBi2O3 （R=Li, Na and K, x=0 and 10 in mol%） were prepared under reducing condition controlled by additional carbon powders. The fluorescent intensity decreased with increasing content of alkaline oxides and basicity of host glasses. The 1/e fluorescence lifetime of the 72P2O3-17Al2O3-10R2O-1Bi2O3 （R=Li, Na and K） glasses decreased from 461 to 316 μs, as alkaline ions changed from Li^＋ to K^＋.

Study on rare earth/alkaline earth oxide-doped CeO_2 solid electrolyte

Five types of rare earth/alkaline earth oxide-doped CeO2 superfine-powders were synthesized by a low-temperature combustion technique. The relevant solid electrolyte materials were also sintered by pressureless sintering at different temperatures. The results of X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy showed that the grain size of the powders was approximately 20-30 nm, and rare earth/alkaline earth oxides were completely dissolved into ceria-based solid solution with fluorite structure. The electrical conductivities of the SmzO3-CeO2 system were measured by the ac impedance technique in air at temperatures ranging from 513-900℃. The results indicated that the ionic conductivities of Srno.2oCe0.8Ol.875 solid electrolyte increase with increasing sintering temperature, and the relationship between the conductivities and measuring temperature obeys the An＇henius equation. Then the SmzO3-CeO2 material was further doped with other rare earth/alkaline earth oxide, and the conductivities improve with the effective index.

OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF METHANE OVER MODIFIED ALKALINE EARTH OXIDES

Methane conversions at lower temperature were studied. The aetivity of Y_2O_3 sample at 823K was fairly high with some formation of C_2H_4 and C_2H_6, the catalysts based on alkaline earth oxides and yttria would give better results. The influences of flux ratio, space velocity, and reaction temperature were also discussed.

Phase Behavior and Crystal Structure of Perovskite-Type Rare Earth Complex Oxides

Several compounds of rare earth complex oxides containing manganese and titanium were synthesized in Ar, and their crystal structures were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction data and Rietveld method. Structures of A0.67Ln0.33 Mn0.33Ti0.6703（A = Ca or Sr and Ln = rare earth） were found to have orthorhombic symmetry with the space group Pnrna, and their interatomic distances and bond angles were obtained. This space group was also derived from electron microscopic study. Electrical conductivity of Cao.67Ln0.33Mn0.33Ti0.6703 for several rare earth elements showed a semiconducting property with the activation energy of 0.4 eV. Some of these compounds of the strontium system show the antiferromagnetic properties below 10 K.

STUDY ON COMPONENTS OF FURFURAL RESIDUE FROM CORNCOB

In this paper, the components of furfural residue are analyzed. Total sugar content occupies 47.36% of absolute drying residue, and glucose occupies 83.23% of total sugar content. By combining the phcnyl nucleus exchange reaction with nitrobenzene oxidation, the quantity of structural units of phcnyl nuclei was determined, products from syringyl units occupy 50% of klason lignin. Especially, diphcnyl methane type syringyl units occupy 38.80%, and guaiacyl units 25%, other condensed guaiacyl units about 20%. The furfural residue is not a good material for the manufacture of adhcsivcs, but for active carbon. The yield of furfural residue may achieve about 350 thousand tons per year, but it has not been used in industry in China.

Optimizing electronic structure of NiFe LDH with Mn-doping and Fe_(0.64)Ni_(0.36)alloy for alkaline water oxidation under industrial current density

Alkaline electrolyzers for water splitting under the industrial current densities are always burdened with huge energy consumption due to the high overpotential and poor stability of the anode nanocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Inspired by the interfacial charge transfer for enhancing the performance,a series of in-situ grown interfacial Mn-NiFe lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)was designed on the Fe_(0.64)Ni_(0.36)/NM(nickel mesh)alloy layer.The optimized Mn_(0.15)-NiFe LDH/Fe_(0.64)Ni_(0.36)/NM exhibited an ultralow overpotential of 295 mV to drive 500 mA·cm^(-2)and an incredible stability under large current density.The interfacial space and heteroatom doping synergistically triggered the electronic structure optimization to promote electron transfer and ensure the durability of the high-current reaction.Notably,the designed Mn_(0.15)-NiFe LDH/Fe_(0.64)Ni_(0.36)/NM as an anode in an integral alkaline electrolyzer exhibited a cell voltage of 1.78 V at 500 mA·cm^(-2) with a stability of 366 h.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations further demonstrated the synergistic effect of alloy layer introduction and Mn doping could accelerate electron transfer and stabilize the charged active center to activate the NiFe LDH and reduce the OER energy barrier.Our work offers new insights into developing efficient self-supported catalysts for high-current alkaline water oxidation.

Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance study on Au-supported Pt adlayers for electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol in alkaline solution

Underpotential deposition(UPD) of Cu on an Au electrode followed by redox replacement reaction(RRR) of CuUPD with a Pt source(H2PtCl6 or K2PtCl4) yielded Au-supported Pt adlayers(for short,Pt(CuUPD-Pt4+)n/Au for H2PtCl6,or Pt(CuUPD-Pt2+)n/Au for K2PtCl4,where n denotes the number of UPD-redox replacement cycles).The electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance(EQCM) technique was used for the first time to quantitatively study the fabricated electrodes and estimate their mass-normalized specific electrocatalytic activity(SECA) for methanol oxidation in alkaline solution.In comparison with Pt(CuUPD-Pt2+)n/Au,Pt(CuUPD-Pt4+)n/Au exhibited a higher electrocatalytic activity,and the maximum SECA was obtained to be as high as 35.7 mA ?g?1 at Pt(CuUPD-Pt4+)3/Au.The layer-by-layer architecture of Pt atoms on Au is briefly discussed based on the EQCM-revealed redox replacement efficiency,and the calculated distribution percentages of bare Au sites agree with the experimental results deduced from the charge under the AuOx-reduction peaks.The EQCM is highly recommended as an efficient technique to quantitatively examine various electrode-supported catalyst adlayers,and the highly efficient catalyst adlayers of noble metals are promising in electrocatalysis relevant to biological,energy and environmental sciences and technologies.

Comparative cytotoxicity of nanoparticles and ions to Escherichia coli in binary mixtures

The objective of this study was to understand toxicity of mixture of nanoparticles （NPs） （ZnO and TiO2） and their ions to Escherichia coll. Results indicated the decrease in percentage growth of E. coli with the increase in concentration of NPs both in single and mixture setups. Even a small concentration of I mg/L was observed to be significantly toxic to E. coli in binary mixture setup （exposure concentration： 1 mg/L ZnO and 1 mg/L TiO2; 21.15% decrease in plate count concentration with respect to control）. Exposure ofE. coli to mixture of NPs at 1000 mg/L （i.e., 1000 mg/L ZnO and 1000 mg/L TiO2） resulted in 99.63% decrease in plate count concentration with respect to control. Toxic effects of ions to E. coli were found to be lesser than their corresponding NPs. The percentage growth reduction was found to be 36% for binary mixture of zinc and titanium ions at the highest concentration （i.e., 803.0 mg/L Zn and 593.3 mg/L Ti where ion concentrations are equal to the Zn ions present in 1000 mg/L ZnO NP solution and Ti＋4 ions present in 1000 mg/L TiO2 NP solution）. Nature of mixture toxicity of the two NPs to E. coli was found to be antagonistic. The alkaline phosphatase （Alp） assay indicated that the maximum damage was observed when E. coli was exposed to 1000 mg/L of mixture of NPs. This study tries to fill the knowledge gap on information of toxicity of mixture of NPs to bacteria which has not been reported earlier.