Characterization of Stress Concentration by Tangential Component Hp(x) of Metal Magnetic Memory Signals

The correlation between the stress concentration and the spontaneous magnetic signals of metal magnetic memory(MMM) was investigated via tensile tests. Sheet specimens of the Q235 steel were machined into standard bars with rectangular holes to obtain various stress concentration factors. The tangential component Hp(x) of MMM signals and its related magnetic characteristic parameters throughout the loading process were presented and analyzed. It is found that the tangential component Hp(x) is sensitive to the abnormal magnetic changes caused by the local stress concentration in the defect area. The minimum magnetic field is positively correlated to the magnitude of the load and the distance from the notch. The tangential magnetic stress concentration factor presents good numerical stability during the entire loading process, and can be used to evaluate the stress concentration factor. The results obtained will be a complement to the MMM technique.

The Influence of Some Key Parameters on Fatigue Life of Common Metallic Components

The effect of key parameters on fatigue life of common metallic components, e.g. steel, aluminium alloy, has been analysed quantitatively. The influential coverage and degree of these parameters have been investigated systematically, some phenomena which can′t be discovered with qualitative analysis method have been revealed, a series of valuable conclusions has been obtained, which would be very beneficial to fatigue resistant design and improvement of anti fatigue ability of metallic components.

Application of synthetic principal component analysis model to mine area farmland heavy metal pollution assessment

Referring to GB5618-1995 about heavy metal pollution,and using statistical analysis SPSS,the major pollutants of mine area farmland heavy metal pollution were identified by variable clustering analysis.Assessment and classification were done to the mine area farmland heavy metal pollution situation by synthetic principal components analysis (PCA).The results show that variable clustering analysis is efficient to identify the principal components of mine area farmland heavy metal pollution.Sort and clustering were done to the synthetic principal components scores of soil sample,which is given by synthetic principal components analysis.Data structure of soil heavy metal contaminations relationships and pollution level of different soil samples are discovered.The results of mine area farmland heavy metal pollution quality assessed and classified with synthetic component scores reflect the influence of both the major and compound heavy metal pol- lutants.Identification and assessment results of mine area farmland heavy metal pollution can provide reference and guide to propose control measures of mine area farmland heavy metal pollution and focus on the key treatment region.

Application of Principal Component Analysis, Cluster Analysis, Pollution Index and Geoaccumulation Index in Pollution Assessment with Heavy Metals from Gold Mining Operations, Tanzania

Gold mining is now widely acknowledged as one of the significant sources of soil pollution in developed countries. In developing countries, the sources and levels of soil contamination have not been thoroughly addressed. Thus, this study was intended to determine the source of soil pollution and the level of contamination in the active and closed gold mining areas. The research paper presents the pollution load of heavy metals (lead-Pb, chromium-Cr, cadmium-Cd, copper-Cu, arsenic-As, manganese-Mn, and nickel-Ni) in 90 soil samples collected from the studied sites. Multivariate statistical analysis, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA), coupled with correlation coefficient analysis, was performed to determine the possible sources of pollution in the study areas. The results indicated that Pb, Cr, Cu and Mn come from different sources than Cd, As and Ni. The results obtained from the metal pollution assessment using the Pollution Index (PI) and the Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) confirmed that soils in the mining areas were contaminated in the range from moderately through strongly to highly contaminated soils. This study verified that soil contamination in the gold mining areas results from natural and anthropogenic processes. The current study findings would enhance our knowledge regarding the soil contamination level in the mining areas and the source of contamination. It is recommended to use PCA, CA, PI and Igeo to assess and monitor the heavy metal contaminated soil in gold mining areas.

New Technology for High Efficient Recovery of Precious Metals Six-component Alloy Wastes

Aimed at high content of valuable metals, complicated composition, difficult to separation of precious metals six component alloy wastes, the present paper proposed a new technology of high efficient separation and purification. Using fragmentation technology realizes fast dissolution of palladium, silver, copper and zinc in the wastes, and high efficient and complete separation of them from gold and platinum; using evaporation thermal decomposition technology of mixed solution produced by nitric acid dissolving palladium, silver, copper and zinc, complete and high efficient separation of silver from palladium was realized; by control of solution acidity, using hydrazine reduction method, high efficient and complete separation of gold from platinum was realized. Using this new technology, the recovery rates of palladium and silver are above 99%, and gold and platinum above 98%, the grade of pure metals are above 99.95%.

IMPROVEMENT OF RHEOLOGICAL AND SHAPE RETENTION PROPERTIES OF WAX-BASED MIM BINDER BY MULTI-POLYMER COMPONENTS

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Transformation of alkali and alkaline-earth metals during coal oxy-fuel combustion in the presence of SO_2 and H_2O

The occurrence modes of alkali and alkaline-earth metals（AAEMs） in coal relate to their release behavior and ash formation during combustion. To better understand the transformation of AAEMs,the release behavior of water-soluble,HCl-soluble,HCl-insoluble AAEMs during Shenmu coal（SM coal） oxy-fuel combustion in the presence of SO2 and H2O in a drop-tube reactor was investigated through serial dissolution using H2O and HCl solutions. The results show that the release rates of AAEMs increase with an increase in temperature under the three atmospheres studied. The high release rates of Mg and Ca from SM coal are dependent on the high content of soluble Mg and Ca in SM coal. SO2 inhibits the release rates of AAEMs,while H2O promotes them. The effects of SO2 and H2O on the Na and K species are more evident than those on Mg and Ca species. All three types of AAEMs in coal can volatilize in the gas phase during coal combustion. The W-type AAEMs release excessively,whereas the release rates of I-type AAEMs are relatively lower. Different types of AAEM may interconvert through different pathways under certain conditions. Both SO2 and H2O promote the transformation reactions. The effect of SO2 was related to sulfate formation and the promotion by H2O occurs because of a decrease in the melting point of the solid as well as the reaction of H2O.

Additive effects of alkaline-earth metals and nickel on the performance of Co/γ-Al_2O_3 in methane catalytic partial oxidation

Nano-sized γ-alumina （γ-Al2O3） was first prepared by a precipitation method. Then, active component of cobalt and a series of alkaline- earth metal promoters or nickel （Ni） with different contents were loaded on the γ-Al2O3 support. The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and thermogravimetry analysis （TGA）. The activity and selectivity of the catalysts in catalytic partial oxidation （CPO） of methane have been compared with Co/γ-Al2O3, and it is found that the catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability are enhanced by the addition of alkaline-earth metals and nickel. The optimal loadings of strontium （Sr） and Ni were 6 and 4 wt%, respectively. This finding will be helpful in designing the trimetallic Co-Ni-Sr/γ-Al2O3 catalysts with high performance in CPO of methane

Sheet Bulk Forming of Thin-Walled Components with External Gearing through Upsetting Using Controllable Deformation Zone Method

Sheet-bulk metal forming(SBMF)is a promising process for manufacturing complex sheet components with functional elements.In this study,the entire forming process for a typical thin-walled component with external gearing is investigated,including sheet forming and bulk forming processes.Deep drawn cups are prepared during sheet forming;subsequently,upsetting is performed on the sidewall to form external gearing.The upsetting method performed is known as upsetting with a controllable deformation zone(U-CDZ).Compared with the conventional upsetting method,a floating counter punch with a counter force is used in the U-CDZ method such that the forming mechanism is changed into the accumulation of the deformation zone instead of deformation throughout the entire sidewall.The effects of the counter force and material flow are investigated to understand the mechanism.The forming quality,i.e.,the formfilling and effective strain distribution,improved,whereas a high forming load is avoided.In addition,a punch with a lock bead is used to prevent folding at the inner corner during the experiment.

Blue-emissions Modulated by Packing Forces in Alkaline-earth Metal OrganicFrameworks Based on Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic: Structures and Theoretical Calculations

Solvothermal reactions of Ca(NO), Sr(NO)with thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic in DMF afforded two new inorganic-organic hybrid frameworks, [M(TDC)(DMF)]n(M = Ca(1), Sr(2), TDC = thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic, DMF = N,N?-dimethylformamide), which have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis and IR spectra. Both compounds feature three-dimensional(3D) frameworks based on the versatile coordinated modes(μ-η~2:η~2, μ-η~2:η~1, μ-η~2:η~1) of carboxylic groups in tdc ligands. C–H···S hydrogen bonds and C–H···π interactions contribute to the stabilization of the structures. They exhibit weaker packing force compared with their literature isomers. Consequently, blue and blue/green luminescence of two compounds has been observed. Their luminescence mechanism can be ascribed to ligand-to-metal charge transfer(LMCT) compared with the ligand-centered luminescence in their isomers. Electronic structural calculations illustrate that under the condition of weaker packing forces, larger gaps can be achieved, which facilitate the LMCT. This work suggests that the introduction of S-heteroatom can result in more electrons rich in the metal centers, thus giving rise to metal-involved luminescence.

Unraveling the heterogeneity of solid electrolyte interphase kinetically affecting lithium electrodeposition on lithium metal anode

The stability and uniformity of solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)are critical for clarifying the origin of capacity fade and safety issues for lithium metal anodes(LMA).However,understanding the interplay of SEI heterogeneity and Li electrodeposition is limited by the coupling of complex electrochemistry and mechanics processes.Herein,the correlation between the SEI failure behavior and Li deposition morphology is investigated through a quantitative electrochemical-mechanical model.The local deformation and stress of SEI during Li electrodeposition identify that the heterogeneous interface between different components first fails.Compared with the well-known mechanical strength,component uniformity plays the most important role in the initial SEI failure and uneven Li deposition,and a relative component uniformity(p>0.01)represents a proper balance to ensure the stability of the naturally heterogeneous SEI.Furthermore,the component regulation of SEI via the designed electrolyte experimentally demonstrates that improving component uniformity benefits SEI stability and the uniform Li electrodeposition for LMA,thereby increasing the capacity by~20%after 300 cycles.These fundamental understandings and proposed strategy can be not only used to guide the SEI optimization via the electrolyte regulation,but also extended to the rational designs of artificial SEI for high-performance LMA.

球黏土对单及多组分重金属离子的吸附效果

重金属污染水的防范和治理一直是国际上的难点和热点研究课题。吸附法具有经济可行和环境友好等优点,被认为是去除水中重金属离子的最佳技术。球黏土具有潜在的高吸附性能,为进一步探索利用球黏土治理重金属污染水的可行性,该研究通过单组分与多组分重金属离子的批式吸附试验,重点考察球黏土对Pb^(2+)、Cu^(2+)、Zn^(2+)、Cd^(2+)、Cr^(6+)的吸附效果和竞争吸附关系。单组分离子吸附试验表明,球黏土对重金属离子的吸附量遵循先快速增加后缓慢增长,随pH值的增大而增大,随初始浓度增加而增加,直至吸附饱和的规律。最佳吸附平衡时间为90 min;最佳溶液pH值为5。pH值对球黏土吸附5种重金属离子的影响程度由大到小依次为Zn^(2+)、Cd^(2+)、Cr6+、Cu^(2+)、Pb^(2+),当pH值从2增到5时,Zn^(2+)吸附量提高了184%。球黏土对5种离子Pb^(2+)、Cr^(6+)、Zn^(2+)、Cd^(2+)、Cu^(2+)的饱和吸附量分别为311.847、301.437、263.213、195.435和179.635 mg/g。通过动力学模型和等温线模型拟合,吸附数据更加符合准二阶动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型,说明吸附过程为单层吸附,吸附方式为化学吸附,最大吸附量依次为Pb^(2+)(497.593 mg/g)>Cr6+(442.868 mg/g)>Zn^(2+)(339.376 mg/g)>Cd^(2+)(290.039 mg/g)>Cu^(2+)(194.941 mg/g)。多组分离子吸附试验表明,球黏土对4种离子的吸附量同样呈先快速后缓慢增长,直至平稳的趋势。各离子在球黏土的活性位点上表现出的竞争能力由强到弱依次为Cr^(6+)、Zn^(2+)、Cd^(2+)、Cu^(2+)。通过等温线模型拟合,发现多组分重金属离子吸附数据更加符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,吸附方式和吸附过程与单组分一致,各组分的最大吸附量与单组分相比有所下降,但吸附总量却大大增加,说明球黏土对多组分重金属离子具有良好的吸附能力。与其他原生矿物材料相比,球黏土对重金属离子具有更大的吸附量,该研究成果可为球黏土作为吸附剂的利用和推广提供理论依据和数据支持,具有较大的现实意义。

芜湖内河水环境重金属分布特征及健康风险评价

为明确芜湖内河水体中重金属健康危险程度,以芜湖内河为研究对象,选取芜湖3条典型城市河道设置采样断面,对样品中Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn这6种重金属进行测试分析,使用健康风险模型评价重金属对人体健康风险。水样分析结果表明:研究区重金属Mn、Ni超过《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838—2002)Ⅲ类水标准,Cr、Pb有部分点位超过Ⅲ类水标准。主成分分析结果表明:Cu、Ni、Mn和Zn由工业和生活源控制,Pb属于交通源因子,Cr是自然地质背景和人类活动因子。健康风险评价结果表明:6种重金属不存在非致癌风险,汇成河道和中山南路河道存在非致癌风险,直接摄入途径下,重金属Cr和Ni存在致癌风险。该研究结果可为芜湖城市内河水体重金属污染防治和居民生活安全用水提供措施和建议。

哈尔滨市大气PM_(2.5)中五种金属成分复合暴露对人群死亡风险的影响

目的定量评估哈尔滨市大气PM_(2.5)中金属成分复合暴露对人群死亡的暴露-反应关系及联合效应大小。方法基于监测系统收集哈尔滨市2013—2018年每日死亡数据、每日气象和大气污染物数据。采集大气细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))并进行金属成分浓度测定,基于随机森林模型预测大气PM_(2.5)中每日金属成分浓度。运用分位数g计算回归(quantile g-computation,qgcomp)估计大气PM_(2.5)中金属成分复合暴露对非意外、心血管系统和呼吸系统疾病死亡的联合效应,并探索敏感暴露人群,最后采用加权分位数和回归(weighted quantile sum regression,WQS)进行敏感性分析。结果2013—2018年期间,哈尔滨市非意外、心血管系统和呼吸系统疾病日均死亡人数的中位数(M)分别为75、42和7例。大气PM_(2.5)多种金属成分复合暴露每增加一个四分位数,非意外死亡的相对风险(relative risk,RR)为1.026(95%CI:1.010~1.043);心血管系统疾病死亡风险的RR值为1.038(95%CI:1.016~1.060)。分层分析结果表明男性和≥60岁人群为大气PM_(2.5)金属复合暴露的敏感人群。敏感性分析进一步证实上述研究结果较稳健,且金属As对人群死亡贡献的权重最大。结论大气PM_(2.5)中金属成分复合暴露可增加人群非意外死亡和心血管系统疾病死亡的发生风险,且男性和≥60岁人群是金属复合暴露的敏感人群。

基于电化学生物传感器的重金属离子检测研究进展

电化学生物传感器是基于抗原抗体、酶、核酸适配体、蛋白质、细胞等各种生物成分建立的电化学方法,由于这些生物成分具有强的特异性,决定了电化学生物传感器具有高选择性。同时该方法还具有便捷快速、灵敏、操作简单等优点,已经被广泛应用于污染物重金属离子的检测,并具有良好的应用前景。本文综述了近年来基于各种生物成分的电化学生物传感器在重金属离子检测中的应用,并对该领域未来的发展趋势做了展望。

茄果类蔬菜矿质元素特征分布与膳食风险评估

为了探究广西市售茄果类蔬菜矿质元素含量特征和食用安全性,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定了150份茄果类蔬菜样品中7种矿质元素(Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Mo、Co、Ni)和5种常见危害重金属(Pb、Cd、As、Hg、Cr)含量并进行主成分分析及健康风险评估。结果表明,茄果类蔬菜中7种矿质元素平均含量排序为Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu>Ni>Mo>Co,变异系数介于44.7%(Fe)~247.8%(Ni),不同样品之间矿质元素含量差异较大;辣椒中6种矿质元素(Fe、Zn、Ni、Mn、Cu、Co)含量均最高。主成分分析结果显示,Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Co和Ni是广西市售茄果类蔬菜的特征无机元素,提取了2个主成分,累积方差贡献率为99.983%。茄果类蔬菜矿质元素综合得分排序为辣椒>番茄>茄子,表明辣椒中的有益矿质元素含量相对较高。茄果类蔬菜中5种重金属含量均未超过国家标准限量值,但存在Cd超标情况,辣椒、番茄和茄子超标率分别为10.4%、10.3%和8.0%。5种重金属对不同人群的目标危害系数(Target Hazard Quotient,THQ)和综合目标危害系数(Total Target Hazard Quotient,TTHQ)均远小于1。总体而言,儿童或成人食用广西市售茄果类蔬菜的膳食健康风险较低,处于安全级;但Cd是今后茄果类蔬菜需要重点监控的重金属污染因子。

基于298/77 K循环处理回收PCB中非金属组分

为解决废印制电路板(PCB)中非金属组分回收难且二次污染率大的问题,引入298/77 K循环处理技术,首先分析温度改变对PCB内部结构所造成的影响及PCB内部力学性能的变化,测试静电分选和离心分选对PCB非金属组分回收率的实际影响,之后引入CaF_(2)作为精炼过程中的强氧化剂,测试PCB内部结构发生改变后的硅组分回收率,最后测定回收后硅元素的实际纯度。结果表明:PCB在经过298/77 K循环处理后,内部结构受温度循环影响发生明显变化;各项力学性能均实现明显下降;PCB非金属组分实际产出量和硅组分回收率,相比于传统处理方式实现了明显提升,且对原PCB中各项杂质有较好的去除效果,硅元素占比在97%以上。

基于Lamb波损伤特征融合模型的金属结构件疲劳裂纹扩展预测

针对动态载荷环境下机械装备金属结构件疲劳裂纹扩展延伸问题,提出一种基于Lamb波损伤特征融合的疲劳裂纹扩展预测模型。首先从Lamb波信号传播特性出发,分析对比对称模式下Lamb波损伤信号和基准信号传播过程中的特性变化,在此基础上提取能够敏感表达结构损伤的相关系数和相位差异特征,通过变量标准化变换后进一步构建出疲劳裂纹扩展预测模型,最后利用金属结构件全寿命周期疲劳实验数据对模型进行验证。结果表明:所提模型能够准确预测动态载荷环境下疲劳裂纹扩展过程,与其他预测模型相比优势明显,可为机械装备关键结构件合理检修计划制定提供一定参考借鉴。