Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms are neoplastic processes arising as a result of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these modalities given for a primary condition. The disease biology varies based o...Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms are neoplastic processes arising as a result of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these modalities given for a primary condition. The disease biology varies based on the etiology and treatment modalities patients receive for their primary condition. Topoisomerase II inhibitor therapy results in balanced translocations. Alkylating agents, characteristically, give rise to more complex karyotypes and mutations in p53. Other etiologies include radiation therapy, high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation and telomere dysfunction. Poor-risk cytogenetic abnormalities are more prevalent than they are in de novo leukemias and the prognosis of these patients is uniformly dismal. Outcome varies according to cytogenetic risk group. Treatment recommendations should be based on performance status and karyotype. An in-depth understanding of risk factors that lead to the development of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms would help developing risk-adapted treatment protocols and monitoring patients after treatment for the primary condition, translating into reduced incidence, early detection and timely treatment.展开更多
Alkylating agents represent an important class of anticancer drugs.The occurrence and emergence of tumor resistance to the treatment with alkylating agents denotes a severe problem in the clinics.A detailed understand...Alkylating agents represent an important class of anticancer drugs.The occurrence and emergence of tumor resistance to the treatment with alkylating agents denotes a severe problem in the clinics.A detailed understanding of the mechanisms of activity of alkylating drugs is essential in order to overcome drug resistance.In particular,the role of non-coding microRNAs concerning alkylating drug activity and resistance in various cancers is highlighted in this review.Both synthetic and natural alkylating agents,which are approved for cancer therapy,are discussed concerning their interplay with microRNAs.展开更多
IntroductionMultiple myeloma （MM） is a neoplastic plasma cell dyscrasia char-acterized by anemia; a monoclonal protein（M-protein） in the serum and/or urine; abnormal bone radiographs and bone pain;hypercal-cemia; ...IntroductionMultiple myeloma （MM） is a neoplastic plasma cell dyscrasia char-acterized by anemia; a monoclonal protein（M-protein） in the serum and/or urine; abnormal bone radiographs and bone pain;hypercal-cemia; and renal insuf.ciency or failure.According to the results of immunoelectrophoresis, patients are separated to Ig type （IgG, IgA, IgD, IgE and IgM）; light chain; nonsecretory.展开更多
Diacetates 1 and N-[(1-benzotriazol-l-yl)alkyl]amides 2, both masked forms of aldehydes, could undergo deprotection and condensation with cycloalkanones in a one-pot procedure promoted by samarium(III) iodide (SmI3) ...Diacetates 1 and N-[(1-benzotriazol-l-yl)alkyl]amides 2, both masked forms of aldehydes, could undergo deprotection and condensation with cycloalkanones in a one-pot procedure promoted by samarium(III) iodide (SmI3) to afford α,α'-bis(substituted benzylidene) cycloalkanones in good yields.展开更多
DNA direct reversal repair(DRR)is unique in that no DNA synthesis is required to correct the error and therefore repair via such mechanisms are error-free.In humans,DRR is carried out by two different pathways:the O6-...DNA direct reversal repair(DRR)is unique in that no DNA synthesis is required to correct the error and therefore repair via such mechanisms are error-free.In humans,DRR is carried out by two different pathways:the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase(MGMT)and the alkylated DNA repair protein B(AlkB)homologs.The use of alkylating agents is the standard of care for many cancers.However,the use of those drugs is usually halted when resistance develops.This review will examine repair of alkylating agent damage mediated by DRR,resistance mechanisms and potential ways to overcome such resistance.展开更多
文摘Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms are neoplastic processes arising as a result of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these modalities given for a primary condition. The disease biology varies based on the etiology and treatment modalities patients receive for their primary condition. Topoisomerase II inhibitor therapy results in balanced translocations. Alkylating agents, characteristically, give rise to more complex karyotypes and mutations in p53. Other etiologies include radiation therapy, high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation and telomere dysfunction. Poor-risk cytogenetic abnormalities are more prevalent than they are in de novo leukemias and the prognosis of these patients is uniformly dismal. Outcome varies according to cytogenetic risk group. Treatment recommendations should be based on performance status and karyotype. An in-depth understanding of risk factors that lead to the development of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms would help developing risk-adapted treatment protocols and monitoring patients after treatment for the primary condition, translating into reduced incidence, early detection and timely treatment.
文摘Alkylating agents represent an important class of anticancer drugs.The occurrence and emergence of tumor resistance to the treatment with alkylating agents denotes a severe problem in the clinics.A detailed understanding of the mechanisms of activity of alkylating drugs is essential in order to overcome drug resistance.In particular,the role of non-coding microRNAs concerning alkylating drug activity and resistance in various cancers is highlighted in this review.Both synthetic and natural alkylating agents,which are approved for cancer therapy,are discussed concerning their interplay with microRNAs.
文摘IntroductionMultiple myeloma （MM） is a neoplastic plasma cell dyscrasia char-acterized by anemia; a monoclonal protein（M-protein） in the serum and/or urine; abnormal bone radiographs and bone pain;hypercal-cemia; and renal insuf.ciency or failure.According to the results of immunoelectrophoresis, patients are separated to Ig type （IgG, IgA, IgD, IgE and IgM）; light chain; nonsecretory.
文摘Diacetates 1 and N-[(1-benzotriazol-l-yl)alkyl]amides 2, both masked forms of aldehydes, could undergo deprotection and condensation with cycloalkanones in a one-pot procedure promoted by samarium(III) iodide (SmI3) to afford α,α'-bis(substituted benzylidene) cycloalkanones in good yields.
基金California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program Grant:Combined genotoxic effects of alternative tobacco products and alcohol use(No.28IR-0050,TRO)。
文摘DNA direct reversal repair(DRR)is unique in that no DNA synthesis is required to correct the error and therefore repair via such mechanisms are error-free.In humans,DRR is carried out by two different pathways:the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase(MGMT)and the alkylated DNA repair protein B(AlkB)homologs.The use of alkylating agents is the standard of care for many cancers.However,the use of those drugs is usually halted when resistance develops.This review will examine repair of alkylating agent damage mediated by DRR,resistance mechanisms and potential ways to overcome such resistance.
