Kinetic Model of Hydrogenation for Removal of Trace Olefins from Alkylation Mixture Formed during Linear Alkylbenzene Synthesis

Through the hydrogenation experiments for removal of olefin impurities in effluent mixture obtained from alkylation reactor for linear alkylbenzene synthesis, the reaction kinetics was studied. The experimental results showed that the catalytic activity of Pd/Al2 O3 among four kinds of catalysts was the highest, and the olefin conversion reached 100%when the reaction temperature was higher than 140 ℃. The kinetic model was established through parameters estimation.The experimental validation of the kinetic model showed that the kinetic model had higher simulation accuracy. The results of prediction by the kinetic model indicated that with the intensification of reaction conditions, the olefin conversion would increase and the bromine index of the linear alkyl benzene would decrease. Under the conditions covering a WHSV of 2.0 h^(-1),a temperature of 90 ℃, and a hydrogen partial pressure of 1.5 MPa, the olefin conversion was 99.67%, and the bromine index of the linear alkyl benzene could be reduced to less than 20.00 mgBr/(100 g).

Alkylbenzene Project in Xinjiang Approved

ＡｌｋｙｌｂｅｎｚｅｎｅＰｒｏｊｅｃｔｉｎＸｉｎｊｉａｎｇＡｐｐｒｏｖｅｄＺｈｏｕＷｅｉｙｏｎｇ（Ｒｅｆｉｎｉｎｇ＆ＣｈｅｍｉｃａｌｓＢｕｒｅａｕ，ＣＮＰＣ）ＴｈｅｆｅａｓｉｂｉｌｉｔｙｓｔｕｄｙｏｎａｌｋｙｌｂｅｎｚｅｎｅｐｒｏｊｅｃｔｉｎＤｕｓｈ...

Commercial Laundry Water Characterisation

Surfactants are the major active ingredients of laundry detergents. Therefore, special attention should be focused on the treatment and disposal of laundry wastewater. The aim of this study was to characterise the wastewater from a commercial laundry over 30 days. Physicochemical analyses were performed, monitoring the content of nitrogen, phosphate, heavy metals, linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS), volatile organic acids and alcohols. The pH was approximately 5.6 and the COD approximately 4800 mg·L-1. The average concentrations of sulphate, sulphide, N-ammoniacal organic nitrogen compounds and heavy metals were below the maximum limit, in accordance with local and national environmental legislation, and the average total suspended solids was 0.08 g·L-1. Among the metals analysed, iron was observed with the highest concentrations (0.037 mg·L-1 and 0.72 mg·L-1). Phosphate was detected in 93% of samples (94.65 mg·L-1 average). LAS was detected in all samples (12.24 mg·L-1 to 1023.7 mg·L-1). Thirty-three different xenobiotic organic compounds were identified in the laundry wastewater with the qualitative screening. The major groups of the compounds were fragrances, preservatives, solvents and some surfactants. Although the characterisation indicated low values for many parameters, this does not eliminate the need for specific treatment before its disposal at the sewage system.

Using monochromatic light to measure attenuation length of liquid scintillator solvent LAB

Linear alkylbenzene(LAB) will be used as solvent for the liquid scintillator in the central detector of Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory. The sheer size of the detector imposes significant challenges and the necessity to further improve the optical transparency of high-quality LAB. In order to study high optical transparencies, we continuously improve our measurement setup and use monochromatic light to measure the attenuation lengths of LAB samples. Moreover, the effects of organic impurities on LAB samples are studied to understand their interaction mechanisms and further improve the optical transparency of LAB.

Conversion of Benzene in the Catalytic Cracking Process

The catalytic cracking of 1-hexene,1-heptene,1-octene,1-nonene,1-decene,and five olefins mixed with benzene,over USY catalysts was conducted in a small fixed fluidized bed reactor to study the conversion of benzene under catalytic cracking conditions.Benzene mainly alkylated with C_(2)-C_(5)light olefins,generating monosubstituted alkylbenzenes,and the concentration of light olefins dramatically affected the alkylbenzene yield.Due to the limitation of thermodynamic equilibrium,the yield of benzene alkylation to alkylbenzene in catalytic cracking was in a relative low level.The equilibrium constant of benzene alkylation decreases with the increasing reaction temperature which resulted in reduction of alkyl benzene yield.

Highly efficient ternary organic solar cells with excellent open-circuit voltage and fill factor via precisely tuning molecular stacking and morphology

The micro-morphology and molecular stacking play a key role in determining the charge transport process and nonradiative energy loss, thus impacting the performances of organic solar cells(OSCs). To address this issue, a non-fullerene acceptor PhC6-IC-F with alkylbenzene side-chain, possessing optimized molecular stacking, complementary absorption spectra and forming a cascade energy level alignment in the PM6:BTP-eC9 blend, is introduced as guest acceptor to improve efficiency of ternary OSCs. The bulky phenyl in the side-chain can regulate crystallinity and optimizing phase separation between receptors in ternary blend films, resulting in the optimal phase separations in the ternary films. As a result, high efficiencies of 18.33% as photovoltaic layer are obtained for PhC6-IC-F-based ternary devices with excellent fill factor(FF) of 78.92%. Impressively, the ternary system produces a significantly improved open circuit voltage(V_(oc)) of 0.857 V compared with the binary device,contributing to the reduced density of trap states and suppressed non-radiative recombination result in lower energy loss. This work demonstrates an effective approach for adjusting the aggregation, molecular packing and fine phase separation morphology to increase V_(oc) and FF, paving the way toward high-efficiency OSCs.

Assessment of water-based cutting fluids with green additives in broaching

In order to improve the cutting performance in broaching,the lubrication and cleaning effects offered by water-based cutting fluids with green additives need to be studied from the viewpoint of green manufacturing.Therefore,water-based solutions with castor oil,surfactant(linear alkylbenzene sulfonate,LAS),and nanographite were prepared by ultrasonic agitation and sprayed into the zone of broaching via atomization.The performances of the cutting fluids,in terms of the viscosity,specific heat,wetting angle,and droplet size,were evaluated to discuss their effects on the broaching load.Among the fluids,the addition of LAS into oil-in-water(WO-S),where its cutting fluid with 10 wt.%castor oil and 1.5 wt.%surfactant,exhibited the lowest broaching force.With regard to the lubricating and cleaning mechanisms,WO-S has good wettability and permeability,and hence,can lubricate the cutting edge of the tool to decrease the cutting load,cool the cutting edge to keep it sturdy,and clean the surface of the cutting edge to keep it sharp.The results reveal that the simultaneous addition of castor oil and LAS had remarkable effects on the lubrication and cleaning,and resulted in a broaching load reduction of more than 10%compared to commercial cutting fluids.However,the addition of nanographite could not improve the lubrication owing to its agglomeration.

Benzene alkylation with long chain olefins catalyzed by ionic liquids:a review

The introduction of ionic liquids to alkylation process gives a choice for“green production”in the petrochemical and detergent industry.A lot of papers and patents have been published using chloroaluminate ionic liquid as a novel catalyst for alkylation with high reactivity and easy separation from reactants.These included the acidity,characterization,determination and catalysis technologies in batch and continuous operation mode for different scales.According to published data and several results of pilot alkylation,including the authors’experience,the prospect of chloroaluminate ionic liquids for commercials was also discussed.It has been pointed out that there still are many difficulties and challenges to be overcome for commercial application of the ionic liquid catalyst.