Digital monitoring of rotary-percussive drilling with down-the-hole hammer for profiling weathered granitic ground

Rock and geotechnical engineering investigations involve drilling holes in ground with or without retrieving soil and rock samples to construct the subsurface ground profile.On the basis of an actual soil nailing drilling for a slope stability project in Hong Kong,this paper further develops the drilling process monitoring(DPM)method for digitally profiling the subsurface geomaterials of weathered granitic rocks using a compressed airflow driven percussive-rotary drilling machine with down-the-hole(DTH)hammer.Seven transducers are installed on the drilling machine and record the chuck displacement,DTH rotational speed,and five pressures from five compressed airflows in real-time series.The mechanism and operations of the drilling machine are elaborated in detail,which is essential for understanding and evaluating the drilling data.A MATLAB program is developed to automatically filter the recorded drilling data in time series and classify them into different drilling processes in sub-time series.These processes include penetration,push-in with or without rod,pull-back with or without rod,rod-tightening and rod-untightening.The drilling data are further reconstructed to plot the curve of drill-bit depth versus the net drilling time along each of the six drillholes.Each curve is found to contain multiple linear segments with a constant penetration rate,which implies a zone of homogenous geomaterial with different weathering grades.The effect from fluctuation of the applied pressures is evaluated quantitatively.Detailed analyses are presented for accurately assess and verify the underground profiling and strength in weathered granitic rock,which provided the basis of using DPM method to confidently assess drilling measurements to interpret the subsurface profile in real time.

Real-Time Monitoring of Meteorological Data at In-Situ GCW Remediation Sites

To optimize the self-organization network, self-adaptation, real-time monitoring, remote management capability, and equipment reuse level of the meteorological station supporting the portable groundwater circulation wells, and to provide real-time and effective technical services and environmental data support for groundwater remediation, a real-time monitoring system design of the meteorological station supporting the portable groundwater circulation wells based on the existing equipment is proposed. A variety of environmental element information is collected and transmitted to the embedded web server by the intelligent weather transmitter, and then processed by the algorithm and stored internally, displayed locally, and published on the web. The system monitoring algorithm and user interface are designed in the CNWSCADA development environment to realize real-time processing and analysis of environmental data and monitoring, control, management, and maintenance of the system status. The PLC-controlled photovoltaic power generating panels and lithium battery packs are in line with the concept of energy saving and emission reduction, and at the same time, as an emergency power supply to guarantee the safety of equipment and data when the utility power fails to meet the requirements. The experiment proves that the system has the characteristics of remote control, real-time interaction, simple station deployment, reliable operation, convenient maintenance, and green environment protection, which is conducive to improving the comprehensive utilization efficiency of various types of environmental information and providing reliable data support, theoretical basis and guidance suggestions for the research of groundwater remediation technology and its disciplines, and the research and development of the movable groundwater cycling well monitoring system.

Home Monitoring of Estrone-3-Glucuronide (E1-3G) Levels in Two Different Ovarian Stimulation Protocols: A Pilot Study

Background: Studies have shown a strong correlation between the growth of E2 in serum and estrone-3-glucuronide (E1-3G) in urine during ovarian stimulation. Thus, we developed theoretical models for using urinary E1-3G in ovarian stimulation and focused on their experimental verification and analysis. Methods: A prospective, observational pilot study was conducted involving 54 patients who underwent 54 cycles of ovarian stimulation. The goal was to establish the growth rate of urinary E1-3G during the course of stimulation and to determine the daily upper and lower limits of growth rates at which stimulation is appropriate and safe. Controlled ovarian stimulation was performed using two different stimulation protocols—an antagonist protocol in 25 cases and a progestin-primed ovarian stimulation protocol (PPOS) in 29 cases, with fixed doses of gonadotropins. From the second day of stimulation, patients self-measured their daily urine E1-3G levels at home using a portable analyzer. In parallel, a standard ultrasound follow-up protocol accompanied by a determination of E2, LH, and P levels was applied to optimally control stimulation. Results: The average daily growth rates in both groups were about 50%. The daily increase in E1-3G for the antagonist protocol ranged from 14% to 79%, while they were 28% to 79% for the PPOS protocol. Conclusion: This is the first study to analyze the dynamics of E1-3G in two different protocols and to estimate the limits of its increase during the entire course of the stimulation. The results confirm our theoretical model for the viability of using urinary E1-3G for monitoring ovarian stimulation.

Prototyping low-cost automatic weather stations for natural disaster monitoring

Weather events put human lives at risk mostly when people might occupy areas susceptible to natural disasters.Deploying Professional Weather Stations(PWS)in vulnerable areas is key for monitoring weather with reliable measurements.However,such professional instrumentation is notably expensive while remote sensing from a number of stations is paramount.This imposes challenges on the large-scale weather station deployment for broad monitoring from large observation networks such as in Cemaden—The Brazilian National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters.In this context,in this paper,we propose a Low-Cost Automatic Weather Station(LCAWS)system developed from Commercial Off-The-Shelf(COTS)and open-source Internet of Things(IoT)technologies,which provides measurements as reliable as a reference PWS for natural disaster monitoring.When being automatic,LCAWS is a stand-alone photovoltaic system connected wirelessly to the Internet in order to provide real-time reliable end-to-end weather measurements.To achieve data reliability,we propose an intelligent sensor calibration method to correct measures.From a 30-day uninterrupted observation with sampling in minute resolution,we show that the calibrated LCAWS sensors have no statistically significant differences from the PWS measurements.As such,LCAWS has opened opportunities for reducing maintenance costs in Cemaden's observational network.

Design and Development of Weather Monitoring and Controlling System for a Smart Agro (Farm)

Weather plays an important role in our farming system. In greenhouse or internal farming system, weather monitoring is important. For better production and maintenance, it is important to monitor. This project is developed for forecasting weather parameters like humidity, temperature, soil moisture, and raid detection. Humidity and temperature are monitored for internal temperature. The soil is the most important part of a greenhouse. In this project, soil moisture level is monitored and controlled for maintaining soil moisture level. Rain detection is used in outside of the farm. It detects rainwater and sends a message to the server. It is monitored by using a local server. In remote routing area, it also can be monitored and controlled without physical existence. Also, it is a low-cost weather monitoring system for the agro farm. The Raspberry Pi is a low cost, credit-card sized computer that plugs into a computer monitor or TV, and uses a standard keyboard and mouse. The monitoring system could be designed by using the sensor. It is useful for forecasting and data analysis process. In this project weather forecasting system is designed by using a sensor. In this project, Raspberry Pi work like a remote monitoring and controlling system for the agro farm.

2021-2023年曲周县国家农业绿色发展环境监测网络气象、水分、土壤监测指标数据集

农田生态系统水、土、气等要素的长期定位观测和数据积累对揭示其演变规律,评价农业生产方式对环境的影响尤为重要。本数据集的构建依托于河北曲周县国家农业绿色发展先行区的10个野外监测站在水分、土壤和气象方面的连续实时动态监测。站点的测量系统定期进行维护与校准,确保监测数据的准确性与稳定性。监测数据主要包含了2021–2023年曲周县主要农田生态系统的要素指标,例如水温、pH值等水文要素,土壤湿度、温度、电导率等土壤要素,以及降水、大气压、平均风速、平均风向等气象要素。这些要素的长期监测可为曲周县农田养分和水分的科学管理提供数据支持,同时服务于区域野外科学联网观测研究。

A Multi-Interface Remote Monitoring and Control System Architecture Based on Embedded Server

This paper presents a multi-interface embedded server architecture for remote real-time monitoring system and distributed monitoring applications. In the scheme,an embedded microprocessor( LPC3250 from NXP) is chosen as the CPU of the embedded server with a linux operation system( OS) environment. The embedded server provides multiple interfaces for supporting various application scenarios. The whole network is based on local area network and adopts the Browser / Server( B / S) model. The monitoring and control node is as a browser endpoint and the remote node with an embedded server is as a server endpoint. Users can easily acquire various sensors information through writing Internet protocol address of remote node on the computer browser. Compared with client / server( C / S) mode,B / S model needs less maintain and can be applicable to large user group. In addition,a simple network management protocol( SNMP) is used for management of devices in Internet protocol( IP) networks. The results of the demonstration experiment show that the proposed system gives good support to manage the network from different user terminals and allows the users to better interact with the ambient environment.

Study on an Audio and Video Network Monitoring System for Weather Modification Operation

An audio and video network monitoring system for weather modification operation transmitting information by 3G, ADSL and Internet has been developed and applied in weather modification operation of Tai＇an City. The all-in-one machine of 3G audio and video network highly integrates all front-end devices used for audio and video collection, communication, power supply and information storage, and has advantages of wireless video transmission, clear two-way voice intercom with the command center, waterproof and dustproof function, simple operation, good portability, and long working hours. Compression code of the system is transmitted by dynamic bandwidth, and compression rate varies from 32 kbps to 4 Mbps under different network conditions. This system has forwarding mode, that is, monitoring information from each front-end monitoring point is trans- mitted to the server of the command center by 3G/ADSL, and the server codes＇and decodes again, then beck-end users call images from the serv- er, which can address 3G network stoppage caused by many users calling front-end video at the same time. In addition, the system has been ap- plied in surface weather modification operation of Tai＇an City, and has made a great contribution to transmitting operation orders in real time, monitoring, standardizing and recording operating process, and improving operating safety.

An Automatic Monitoring and Alarming Method for the Power Supply of Weather Radars

As weather radar stations require headroom environment to operate,they were mostly built on highlands which are usually unattended.The mains supply is relatively poor,and the risk of radar stoppages due to power outage is therefore ever-present.As such,the radar construction program is used to build a complementary security video monitoring system.By collecting monitoring images of the regulated power supply in real-time from power supply auto transfer systems in distribution rooms and radar transceiver rooms,using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient to analyse pixel variation trends,and supplementing statistical analysis of pixel characteristics difference to eliminate misjudgments resulting from low image contrast in special scenarios,a software can be developed through C#.It has the function of automatically monitoring mains supply and alerting staff on duty to handle the power outage in a timely manner via text message so that any potential risk is neutralised before it can cause damage.This monitoring and auto-alerting approach is generally applicable to unattended rooms with large amounts of electronical equipment.

Cars as a Diffuse Network of Road-Environment Monitoring Nodes

The present paper aims to describe the conceptual idea to use cars as sensors to measure and acquire data related road environment. The parameters are collected using only standard equipment commonly installed and operative on commercial cars. Real sensors and car sub-systems (e.g. thermometers, accelerometers, ABS, ESP, and GPS) together with other “implicit” sensors (e.g. fog lights, windscreen wipers) acquire and contain information. They are shared inside an in-vehicle communication network using mainly the standard CAN bus and can be collected by a simple central node. This node can also be available on the market without too expensive costs thanks to some companies which business is devoted to car fleet monitoring. All the collected data are then geolocalized using a standard GPS receiver and sent to a remote elaboration unit, exploiting mobile network technologies such as GPRS or UMTS. A large number of cars, connected together in a diffuse Wireless Sensor Network, allow the elaboration unit to realize some info-layers put at the disposal of a car driver. Traffic, state of the road and other information about the weather can be received by car drivers using an ad hoc developed mobile application for smartphone which can give punctual information related to a specific route, previously set on the mobile phone navigator. The description of some experimental activities is presented, some technical points will be addressed and some examples of applications of the network of cars “as sensors” will be given.

Rational Identification of Lightning Derivative Disasters by Strong Convective Weather Monitoring Data in Southern China——A Case Study in Guangzhou Development Region

Analytic method and identification direction for rational identification of lightning derivative disasters by strong convective weather monitoring data in southern China were introduced. Taking identification cases of lightning disaster in Guangzhou Development Region as the background,according to the characteristics in the region that large high-precision enterprises were more,lightning derivative disasters occurred frequently in thunderstorm season,and the actual situation that time of the affected enterprise applying for lightning disaster scene identification lagged,combining Technical Specifications of Lightning Disaster Investigation（ QX / T103-2009）,qualitative analysis method of lightning derivative disaster was put forward under the weather condition of strong convection in southern China by using weather monitoring data（ Doppler sounding radar data,lightning positioning monitoring data,atmospheric electric field data,rainfall data,wind direction and force）,and was optimized by technical means（ ＂ metallographic method＂ and ＂ remanence law＂）. The research could put forward efficient and convenient analytical thinking and method for lightning derivative disaster,and further optimize accuracy and credibility of lightning disaster investigation.

Research on Model of Flood Disaster's Monitoring and Its Application Based on DEM

In order to assess the flood damage rapidly and accurately,this paper proposed a practical method of flood disaster monitoring based on meso-scale automatic weather stations rainfall data and 1:5 million high-precision DEM (digital elevation model) data.It can predict roughly areas by the automatic weather station rainfall analysis and processing when the floods happen.Using partitions 'horizontal' approximation methods,the model of DEM flooding disaster's monitoring has been constructed based on 1:5 million high-precision DEM.And the technical methods applied to the analysis of experimental area.The result of flood disaster's monitoring is carried on comparison and the analysis through the verification by CBERS-02B.It finds that the area of floods is very consistent by the model of DEM and CBERS-02B flooding disaster's monitoring.So the method of flood disaster's motoring based on DEM can be real-time,dynamic,and can monitor the flood zone accurately and effectively.It also can provide the decision making department with present and assisting scheme of policy making.

Probing multi-physical process and deformation mechanism of a largescale landslide using integrated dual-source monitoring

The implementation of isolated heterologous monitoring systems for spatially distant borehole deployments often comes with substantial equipment costs,which can limit the effectiveness of geohazard mitigation and georisk management efforts.To address this,we have developed a novel monitoring system that integrates fiber Bragg grating(FBG)and microelectromechanical system(MEMS)techniques to capture soil moisture,temperature,sliding resistance,strain,surface tilt,and deep-seated inclination.This system enables real-time,simultaneous data acquisition and cross-validation analyses,offering a costeffective solution for monitoring critical parameters in geohazard-prone areas.We successfully applied this integrated monitoring system to the Xinpu landslide,an active super-large landslide located in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA)of China.The resulting strain profile confirmed the presence of two shallow secondary sliding surfaces at depths of approximately 7 m and 12 m,respectively,in addition to the deep-seated sliding surface at a depth of28 m.The lower secondary sliding surface was activated by extreme precipitation,while the upper one was primarily driven by significant changes in reservoir water levels and secondarily triggered by concentrated rainfalls.Anti-slide piles have remarkably reinforced the upper moving masses but failed to control the lower ones.The gap between the pile heads and the soil amplified the rainwater erosion effect,creating a preferential channel for rainwater infiltration.Multi-physical measurements revealed a mixture of seepage-driven and buoyancy-driven behaviors within the landslide.This study offers an integrated dual-source multi-physical monitoring paradigm that enables collaborative management of multiple crucial boreholes on a large-scale landslide,and contributes to the evaluation and improvement of engineering measures in similar geological settings.

Comprehensive Overview on Computational Intelligence Techniques for Machinery Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis

Computational intelligence is one of the most powerful data processing tools to solve complex nonlinear problems, and thus plays a significant role in intelligent fault diagnosis and prediction. However, only few com- prehensive reviews have summarized the ongoing efforts of computational intelligence in machinery condition moni- toring and fault diagnosis. The recent research and devel- opment of computational intelligence techniques in fault diagnosis, prediction and optimal sensor placement are reviewed. The advantages and limitations of computational intelligence techniques in practical applications are dis- cussed. The characteristics of different algorithms are compared, and application situations of these methods are summarized. Computational intelligence methods need to be further studied in deep understanding algorithm mech- anism, improving algorithm efficiency and enhancing engineering application. This review may be considered as a useful guidance for researchers in selecting a suit- able method for a specific situation and pointing out potential research directions.

Development and Application of Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning Platform for Characteristic Agriculture in Huzhou City Based on GIS

Based on the needs of characteristic agricultural production for meteorological services in Huzhou City,we use C# programming language to develop the meteorological disaster monitoring and early warning platform for characteristic agriculture in Huzhou City. This platform integrates the functions of meteorological and agricultural information monitoring,disaster identification and early warning,fine weather forecast product display,and data query and management,which effectively enhances the capacity of meteorological disaster monitoring and early warning for characteristic agriculture in Huzhou City,and provides strong technical support for the meteorological and agricultural departments in the agricultural meteorological services.

Online Condition Monitoring of Gripper Cylinder in TBM Based on EMD Method

The gripper cylinder that provides braced force for Tunnel Boring Machine （TBM） might fail due to severe vibration when the TBM excavates in the tunnel. Early fault diagnosis of the gripper cylinder is important for the safety and efficiency of the whole tunneling project. In this paper, an online condition monitoring system based on the Empirical Mode Decomposition （EMD） method is estab- lished for fault diagnosis of the gripper cylinder while TBM is working. Firstly, the lumped mass parameter model of the gripper cylinder is established considering the influence of the variable stiffness at the rock interface, the equivalent stiffness of the oil, the seals, and the copper guide sleeve. The dynamic performance of the gripper cylinder is investigated to provide basis for its health condition evaluation. Then, the EMD method is applied to identify the characteristic frequencies of the gripper cylinder for fault diagnosis and a field test is used to verify the accuracy of the EMD method for detection of the characteristic frequencies. Furthermore, the contact stiff- ness at the interface between the barrel and the rod is calculated with Hertz theory and the relationship between the natural frequency and the stiffness varying with the health condition of the cylinder is simulated based on the dynamic model. The simulation shows that the character- istic frequencies decrease with the increasing clearance between the barrel and the rod, thus the defects could be indicated by monitoring the natural frequency. Finally, a health condition management system of the gripper cylin- der based on the vibration signal and the EMD method is established, which could ensure the safety of TBM.

QA/QC Procedures for <i>in-Situ</i>Calibration of a High Altitude Automatic Weather Station: The Case Study of the AWS Pyramid, 5050 m asl, Khumbu Valley, Nepal

In-situ calibrations of weather stations are usually performed by positioning standard instruments close to the station under calibration and comparing the obtained results. This procedure could be useful to evaluate the proper functioning of the monitoring equipments, but do not allowed the determination of a calibration curve that allow the corrections of the acquired parameters. Thus, the development of a dedicated facility for in-situ calibration of weather stations, enabling simultaneous generation of a wide range of temperatures and pressures could offer important improvements in this framework, particularly if this facility is applied to high mountains monitoring stations where the weather stations calibrations could be very difficult. This paper will present the calibration chamber developed in the framework of the EMRP-METEOMET (Metrology for Meteorology) Project, which aims is to bring metrological traceability to high altitude meteorological instruments and through this experience will provide a general overview on the importance of the application of this methodology at different levels.

Wireless sensing system for environmental humidity and temperature monitoring

Aiming at the actual demand for monitoring environmental information,a wireless sensing system for temperature and relative humidity(RH)monitoring based on radio frequency(RF)technology and mobile network was designed.This paper introduces the architecture of the system.The system uses AVR micro controller unit(MCU),KYL-1020U RF module and SHT71 to complete real-time temperature and humidity monitoring,and uses SIM900A module to realize remote alarming and monitoring with short message system(SMS)through global system for mobile communication(GSM).Experimental results show that the designed system has good stability of measurement and real-time performance,and it can be used in some small temperature and humidity monitoring occasions.

月球空间天气探测与研究进展

稳定的天体地质构造、与地球合适的距离、无稠密大气和全球磁场,使得月球成为日地月空间天气监测和研究的天然优良实验室。回顾了国内外月球空间天气探测和研究进展,梳理了月球空间天气关键科学问题及预报应用问题,提出了建立月球空间天气监测站的构想,明确了监测站具体科学目标,并介绍了监测站三大系统构成及相互关系,包括监测系统、科学研究系统以及建模与预报系统。建立月球空间天气监测站对研究太阳爆发活动、日地月耦合关系以及月球局地环境的变化具有重要的科学意义,也有利于促进月球空间天气建模和预报技术的发展,提升未来月球科研探索任务空间环境保障能力。

南极长城站哨声波监测仪设备及其初步观测

在子午工程二期项目的支持下,武汉大学(Wuhan University,WHU)联合中国极地研究中心研制了一套甚低频(very low frequency,VLF)波动探测系统,并在2022年由中国极地研究中心部署于南极洲的中国长城站(Great Wall Station,GWS,62.22°S,58.96°W).该探测系统的动态范围为~110 dB,时间精度为~100 ns,可为空间物理和空间天气研究提供高分辨率的波动观测数据.本文详细介绍了WHU VLF(子午工程编码:OCHCH_WHWM01)波动探测系统在GWS的初步观测结果,充分验证了系统的优越性能和稳定性.在过去一年的常规运行中,此系统能精确探测北美和欧洲等区域内各种地基VLF台站信号的动态变化.初步分析结果表明,在多次X级太阳耀斑爆发期间,GWS观测到的人工VLF台站信号特性与以往的研究结果高度一致.由于HWU-GWS(HWU为发射台站的名称)路径穿过南大西洋异常(south Atlantic anomaly,SAA)区域,观测结果同时表明,在磁暴期间,HWU VLF信号的扰动与磁层电子沉降在时空关系上具有很强的关联性.此外,此设备也能观测到闪电激发的宽频带哨声波,在频谱图上呈现特有的清晰色散结构.因此,在南极独特的地理位置,地基哨声波监测仪的观测结合其它仪器的观测,有利于深入开展与极区哨声波传播、低电离层扰动、地面闪电放电和辐射带粒子沉降等相关的空间天气学研究,对开展全天时空间环境监测具有重要意义.