Research on the longitudinal protection of a through-type cophase traction direct power supply system based on the empirical wavelet transform

This paper proposes a longitudinal protection scheme utilizing empirical wavelet transform(EWT)for a through-type cophase traction direct power supply system,where both sides of a traction network line exhibit a distinctive boundary structure.This approach capitalizes on the boundary’s capacity to attenuate the high-frequency component of fault signals,resulting in a variation in the high-frequency transient energy ratio when faults occur inside or outside the line.During internal line faults,the high-frequency transient energy at the checkpoints located at both ends surpasses that of its neighboring lines.Conversely,for faults external to the line,the energy is lower compared to adjacent lines.EWT is employed to decompose the collected fault current signals,allowing access to the high-frequency transient energy.The longitudinal protection for the traction network line is established based on disparities between both ends of the traction network line and the high-frequency transient energy on either side of the boundary.Moreover,simulation verification through experimental results demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed protection scheme across various initial fault angles,distances to faults,and fault transition resistances.

Traction power systems for electrified railways:evolution,state of the art,and future trends

Traction power systems(TPSs)play a vital role in the operation of electrified railways.The transformation of conventional railway TPSs to novel structures is not only a trend to promote the development of electrified railways toward high-efficiency and resilience but also an inevitable requirement to achieve carbon neutrality target.On the basis of sorting out the power supply structures of conventional AC and DC modes,this paper first reviews the characteristics of the existing TPSs,such as weak power supply flexibility and low-energy efficiency.Furthermore,the power supply structures of various TPSs for future electrified railways are described in detail,which satisfy longer distance,low-carbon,high-efficiency,high-reliability and high-quality power supply requirements.Meanwhile,the application prospects of different traction modes are discussed from both technical and economic aspects.Eventually,this paper introduces the research progress of mixed-system electrified railways and traction power supply technologies without catenary system,speculates on the future development trends and challenges of TPSs and predicts that TPSs will be based on the continuous power supply mode,employing power electronic equipment and intelligent information technology to construct a railway comprehensive energy system with renewable energy.

New generation traction power supply system and its key technologies for electrified railways

Unlike the traditional traction power supply system which enables the electrified railway traction sub- station to be connected to power grid in a way of phase rotation, a new generation traction power supply system without phase splits is proposed in this paper. Three key techniques used in this system have been discussed. First, a combined co-phase traction power supply system is applied at traction substations for compensating negative sequence current and eliminating phase splits at exits of substations; design method and procedure for this system are presented. Second, a new bilateral traction power supply technology is proposed to eliminate the phase split at section post and reduce the influence of equalizing current on the power grid. Meanwhile, power factor should be adjusted to ensure a proper voltage level of the traction network. Third, a seg- mental power supply technology of traction network is used to divide the power supply arms into several segments, and the synchronous measurement and control technology is applied to diagnose faults and their locations quickly and accurately. Thus, the fault impact can be limited to a min- imum degree. In addition, the economy and reliability of the new generation traction power supply system are analyzed.

Power management in co-phase traction power supply system with super capacitor energy storage for electrified railways

Increasing railway traffic and energy utilization issues prompt electrified railway systems to be more economical,efficient and sustainable.As regenerative braking energy in railway systems has huge potential for optimized utilization,a lot of research has been focusing on how to use the energy efficiently and gain sustainable benefits.The energy storage system is an alternative because it not only deals with regenerative braking energy but also smooths drastic fluctuation of load power profile and optimizes energy management.In this work,we propose a co-phase traction power supply system with super capacitor(CSS_SC)for the purpose of realizing the function of energy management and power quality management in electrified railways.Besides,the coordinated control strategy is presented to match four working modes,including traction,regenerative braking,peak shaving and valley filling.A corresponding simulation model is built in MATLAB/Simulink to verify the feasibility of the proposed system under dynamic working conditions.The results demonstrate that CSS_SC is flexible to deal with four different working conditions and can realize energy saving within the allowable voltage unbalance of 0.008%in simulation in contrast to 1.3%of the standard limit.With such a control strategy,the performance of super capacitor is controlled to comply with efficiency and safety constraints.Finally,a case study demonstrates the improvement in power fluctuation with the valley-to-peak ratio reduced by 20.3%and the daily load factor increased by 17.9%.

A preventive opportunistic maintenance method for railway traction power supply system based on equipment reliability

Conventional maintenance mode for the traction power supply system(TPSS)is to perform scheduled regular maintenance activities for power supply equipment,while such maintenance mode may result in undue maintenance tasks and low efficiency due to different degradation processes of different sorts of equipment.To address this problem,this paper introduces a preventive opportunistic maintenance(POM)method for TPSS based on equipment reliability.Firstly,a POM model is established by considering the equipment reliability degradation process based on Weibull distribution.Then,by considering the total power outage time in the planned operation cycle of TPSS as the optimization objective,the optimal maintenance scheme of TPSS is formulated by iterative method of maintenance strategies.The proposed method is verified by introducing practical maintenance strategies and fault record data of the traction transformer,circuit breaker and disconnector in an actual TPSS of a railway administration.Results show that the presented method can make full use of the existing fault data to develop a POM scheme for TPSS.It can improve maintenance efficiency and reduce power outage time,providing guidance to formulate scientific maintenance strategies for TPSS.

Industrial frequency single-phase AC traction power supply system for urban rail transit and its key technologies

To avoid stray current and maintain the benefit of no phase-split in the DC traction power supply system, an AC traction power supply system was proposed for the urban public transport such as metro and light rail transit. The proposed system consists of a main substation （MSS） and cable traction network （CTN）. The MSS includes a single-phase main traction transformer and a negative-se- quence compensation device, while the CTN includes double-core cables, traction transformers, overhead catenary system, rails, etc. Several key techniques for the proposed system were put forward and discussed, which can be summarized as （1） the power supply principle, equivalent circuit and transmission ability of the CTN, the cable-catenary matching technique, and the selection of catenary voltage level; （2） the segmentation technology and status identification method for traction power supply network, distributed and centralized protection schemes, etc.; （3） a power supply scheme for single-line MSS and a power supply scheme of MSS shared by two or more lines. The proposed industrial frequency single-phase AC traction power supply system shows an excellent technical performance, good economy, and high reliability, hence provides a new alternative for metro and urban rail transit power supply systems.

Scheme of long distance power supply for electrified railway traction network based on traction cable

Purpose–The traction cable is paralleled with the existing traction network of electrified railway through transverse connecting line to form the scheme of long distance power supply for the traction network.This paper aims to study the scheme composition and power supply distance(PSD)of the scheme.Design/methodology/approach–Based on the structure of parallel traction network(referred to as“cable traction network(CTN)”),the power supply modes(PSMs)are divided into cableþdirect PSM and cableþautotransformer(AT)PSM(including Japanese mode,French mode and new mode).Taking cableþJapanese AT PSM as an example,the scheme of long distance power supply for CTN under the PSMs of co-phase and out-of-phase power supply are designed.On the basis of establishing the equivalent circuit model and the chain circuit model of CTN,taking the train working voltage as the constraint condition,and based on the power flow calculation of multiple train loads,the calculation formula and process for determining the PSD of CTN are given.The impedance and PSD of CTN under the cableþAT PSM are simulated and analyzed,and a certain line is taken as an example to compare the scheme design.Findings–Results show that the equivalent impedance of CTN under the cableþAT PSM is smaller,and the PSD is about 2.5 times of that under the AT PSM,which can effectively increase the PSD and the flexibility of external power supply location.Originality/value–The research content can effectively improve the PSD of traction power supply system and has important reference value for the engineering application of the scheme.

The Analysis of Bilateral Power Supply for AC Electrified Railway

In China, the unilateral power supply has been used in AC electrified railway, which depends on the management mode of power system. For better economic and technical indexes, all-parallel AT traction system is widely used in passenger dedicated line. In this paper, the equivalent circuit model of unilateral power supply and bilateral power supply is investigated, and based on this model, the difference between unilateral power supply impedance and bilateral power supply impedance is discussed.

轨道交通直流干扰的车-地-网动态耦合仿真

针对中性点接地变压器直流偏磁电流受轨道交通动态杂散电流泄漏和段场接地影响的问题,综合考虑多列车运行工况,建立杂散电流分布扩散的车-地-网耦合模型,并采用复镜像法计算大地电位;定义接地网的自电阻系数和互电阻系数,建立直流偏磁电流与大地电位的耦合关系,根据杂散电流侵入路径的拓扑结构,构建大地电位和直流偏磁电流的场路耦合模型;设计轨道交通杂散电流侵入电网的缩比模拟试验,并通过试验与模型计算进行验证.研究结果表明:试验结果和模型计算之间的最大误差为8.41%;钢轨对地过渡电阻从3.00Ω•km增大到15.00Ω•km,直流偏磁电流的绝对平均值减小82.4%;在车辆段和正线之间采用阻断式连接装置比采用单向导通装置减小23.45%的直流偏磁电流.

新型电缆贯通供电系统短路特性分析

新型电缆贯通供电系统能够实现长距离输电、减少电分相数目,但两级供电模式将导致该系统结构复杂.为研究电缆贯通供电系统短路特性,首先,建立单位长度的牵引电缆和接触网-钢轨的二端口网络参数,将各个子网络级联等效成1个二端口网络,进而转化为Ⅱ型电路,实现牵引电缆和接触网-钢轨任意长度的分布参数建模;由于接触网短路后导致机车电压下降,基于车网耦合关系采用迭代计算求解短路电流电压,仿真验证计算方法的准确性.最后,解析不同短路类型的电气特性,重点分析分布电容对短路电流、电压的影响.研究结果表明:分布电容会引起短路电流增大,且在不同短路情况下均造成牵引变压器输出电压增加;接触网短路电流由两侧牵引变压器共同提供,距短路点越远提供的电流越少;电缆相间短路对非故障回路机车运行影响最大.

基于背靠背变流器的牵引变电所群供电系统负序集中补偿方案

针对牵引变电所群供电系统导致的外部电源公共连接点处三相电压不平衡问题,提出了一种基于背靠背变流器的集中式有功型负序补偿方案。该方案的补偿装置可实现容量配置的最优解,且负序补偿的同时还可兼顾无功补偿。介绍了基于背靠背变流器的牵引变电所群供电系统拓扑结构;根据牵引变电所群供电系统及补偿装置间的功率关系分别阐述了该方案的负序、无功补偿原理,推导了补偿装置计算容量表达式,分析了补偿装置计算容量变化规律;为保证补偿装置快速、稳定运行,提出了适用于负序、无功补偿的双闭环控制策略;通过仿真证明所提方案的有效性和可行性。结果表明:所提方案对牵引变电所群供电系统具有良好的负序、无功补偿效果,且补偿装置容量配置实现了最优解,具有较强的经济性与应用潜力。

基于国外经验的城市轨道交通牵引供电系统发展路径研究

[目的]在当前城市轨道交通智能智慧化、绿色低碳化的发展背景下,牵引供电系统作为城市轨道交通的“心脏”,其升级换代对于实现城市轨道交通的绿色智慧发展至关重要,有必要对牵引供电系统未来的发展路径展开研究,以推动其技术革新与产业升级。[方法]总结德国、日本、法国等国外典型国家在优化轨道交通牵引供电系统配置、新能源利用、数字信息化等方面的前沿技术和创新成果;从推广牵引供电系统创新成果应用,加大新能源在牵引供电系统中的应用,以及建立智能化牵引供电系统管理平台等3个维度出发,探讨我国城市轨道交通牵引供电系统的创新发展路径。[结果及结论]提出的城市轨道交通牵引供电系统创新发展路径,可推动实现牵引供电系统升级换代,进一步助力城市轨道交通绿色化、智慧化发展。

城市轨道交通牵引供电系统双向变流装置设计方案及综合效益

[目的]目前双向变流装置在我国城市轨道交通(以下简称“城轨”)牵引供电系统中处于推广阶段,存在多种配置方案且有实际应用,需综合评估各方案优劣,统一技术标准,同时进行全生命周期效益分析,为工程应用提供决策依据。[方法]基于双向变流装置在设备功能、直流牵引供电能力、综合节能、电能质量等方面的优势,从用房面积、设备投资、电能质量、经济效益及可靠性等方面,对我国现有的5种双向变流装置配置方案进行技术经济比选,给出推荐配置方案。以某城轨正线为例,分析了双向变流装置在节能、无功补偿、杂散电流防护等方面的全生命周期综合效益。[结果及结论]经综合比选,双向变流装置推荐采用1套二极管整流机组+1套双向变流机组方案,其全生命周期成本最低。预计该城轨正线20年全生命周期总成本减少256.8万元/km。

DC Traction Power Supply System Based on Modular Multilevel Converter Suitable for Energy Feeding and De-icing

A novel DC traction power supply system suitable for energy feeding and de-icing is proposed in this paper for an urban rail transit catenary on the basis of the full bridge submodule (FBSM) modular multilevel converter (MMC). The FBSM-MMC is a novel type of voltage source converter (VSC) and can directly control the output DC voltage and conduct bipolar currents, thus flexibly controlling the power flow of the urban rail transit catenary. The proposed topology can overcome the inherent disadvantages of the output voltage drop in the diode rectifier units, increase the power supply distance and reduce the number of traction substations. The flexible DC technology can coordinate multiple FBSM-MMCs in a wide area and jointly complete the bidirectional control of catenary power flow during the operation of the electric locomotive, so as to realize the local consumption and optimal utilization of the recovered braking energy of the train. In addition, the FBSM-MMCs can also adjust the output current when the locomotive is out of service to prevent the catenary from icing in winter. The working modes of the proposed topology are illustrated in detail and the control strategy is specially designed for normal locomotive operations and catenary de-icing. Simulation cases conducted by PSCAD/EMTDC validate the proposed topology and its control strategy.

群组列车牵引供电系统过分相合闸过电压特性分析

群组列车运行过程中会频繁经过分相区,产生的合闸过电压将对牵引供电系统以及列车高压设备箱造成严重的绝缘损害。为定性分析群组列车的合闸过电压特性,首先,根据电路等效简化原则,建立群组列车牵引供电系统的等效简化动态电路,通过提出合理的假设条件求解出合闸瞬间列车端电压的表达式,从定性关系上揭示了合闸过电压的形成原因;其次,基于群组列车牵引供电系统暂态模型,分析了不同列车数量、分布位置以及运行功率对群组列车合闸过电压的作用机制;最后,在PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建仿真模型,验证了理论分析结果的正确性。结果表明:群组列车数量越多、运行位置越集中、牵引功率越大,就会使得合闸过电压峰值越小。该结果可有效指导群组列车过分相合闸过电压的抑制,降低群组列车经过分相区时产生的合闸过电压。

双源制磁浮式工程车总体设计

为解决现有橡胶轮式磁浮工程车运行速度低、噪声大、检测维护效率较低等问题,满足长距离磁浮线路的检测维护需求,文章提出了一种新型磁浮式工程车的技术方案,着重从提升车辆运行速度和检测维护效率等方面开展研究。该工程车采用“磁浮制式”替代“橡胶轮制式”的技术模式,采用“蓄电池+供电轨”双源制动力替代内燃动力,设计速度100 km/h,可以实现快速带电检测和无电维护的功能需求,为长浏、长宁等长距离磁浮线路的检测维护提供了一种新的系统解决方案。

A power-quality monitoring and assessment system for high-speed railways based on train-network-data center integration

In recent years,with the rapid development of high-speed railways(HSRs),power interruptions or disturbances in traction power supply systems have become increasingly dangerous.However,it is often impossible to detect these faults immediately through single-point monitoring or collecting data after accidents.To coordinate the power quality data of both traction power supply systems(TPSSs)and high-speed trains(HSTs),a monitoring and assessing system is proposed to access the power quality issues on HSRs.By integrating train monitoring,traction substation monitoring and data center,this monitoring system not only realizes the real-time monitoring of operational behaviors for both TPSSs and HSTs,but also conducts a comprehensive assessment of operational quality for train-network systems.Based on a large number of monitoring data,the field measurements show that this real-time monitoring system is effective for monitoring and evaluating a traction-network system.

新型混合式贯通牵引供电系统及其复合控制策略

电分相与负序等电能质量问题是制约电气化铁路向高速化、重载化发展的桎梏。贯通牵引供电系统为消弭上述问题提供了契机,但既有贯通方案依然存在所需器件数目多、改造成本高、可靠性差等弊端。为此,在充分利用既有牵引变压器基础上,该文设计一种新型混合式贯通牵引供电装置。该装置通过共直流侧与功率均分手段有效抵消输入侧纹波功率,降低有源/无源器件数目与电容容量。同时,针对直流侧二次纹波与负荷功率冲击,提出一种输入端口复合控制策略,有效解决纹波传递与冲击波动问题。最后通过仿真与实验验证所提装置及其控制策略的可行性与可靠性。

基于RPC的光储接入牵引供电系统协调控制方法

为将光伏发电接入牵引供电系统进行有效利用,同时兼顾牵引供电系统电能质量改善及列车再生制动能量回收利用,提出了一种基于铁路功率调节器的光储系统接入牵引供电系统的协调控制方法.首先,搭建基于铁路功率调节器的光储系统接入牵引供电拓扑结构,并对其电能质量补偿机理进行理论分析;在此基础上,充分考虑光储系统的运行条件以及列车牵引、制动、空载或惰行工况,提出光储系统接入牵引供电的联合协调控制方法,实现了“光+储+荷”三者间的协调控制、牵引供电系统负序的动态补偿以及谐波的有效抑制;在RT-Lab实时仿真系统中建立了基于铁路功率调节器的光伏接入牵引供电系统仿真模型,并结合实际光照和牵引工况数据验证本文所提出的系统结构以及协调控制方法的有效性.结果表明:本文所提出的系统结构以及协调控制方法能够实现牵引供电系统中光储系统的有效接入,再生制动能量回收率提升至86.7%,功率因数提升6.4%,对谐波特别是高次谐波含有率有较大改善,满足光伏电能高效消纳及综合利用、电能质量动态综合补偿、再生制动能量回收多重需求.

考虑架构灵活重构的混合式贯通牵引供电装置应急管控与故障恢复策略

基于牵引变压器与两相交流输入至单相交流输出(两相-单相)变换单元的混合式贯通牵引供电系统(HATPSS)凭借其设备利用率高、改造成本低等优势而受到关注。然而,两相-单相变换单元作为系统中的薄弱环节,其任意端口故障会导致系统出现负序电流与功率缺失等问题,严重者将引发整个贯通系统失稳。此外,受HATPSS供电架构特殊性及其控制目标多样性的影响,传统牵引系统冗余备用方案与应急管控技术适用性差等问题突出。鉴于此,该文针对两相-单相变换单元的输入/输出端故障工况,综合考虑牵引站中既有设备应急管控潜能与两相-单相变换单元控制自由度的特点,分别提出面向HATPSS的应急管控与故障恢复策略。仅通过牵引变压器、联络开关、两相-单相变换单元等系统既有装置间的协同配合,实现在不同故障工况下HATPSS额定功率运行与负序电流抑制。最后,仿真与实验验证了在不同工况下该文所提应急管控策略的可行性与有效性。