Principal-subordinate hierarchical multi-objective programming model of initial water rights allocation

The principal-subordinate hierarchical multi-objective programming model of initial water rights allocation was developed based on the principle of coordinated and sustainable development of different regions and water sectors within a basin. With the precondition of strictly controlling maximum emissions rights, initial water rights were allocated between the first and the second levels of the hierarchy in order to promote fair and coordinated development across different regions of the basin and coordinated and efficient water use across different water sectors, realize the maximum comprehensive benefits to the basin, promote the unity of quantity and quality of initial water rights allocation, and eliminate water conflict across different regions and water sectors. According to interactive decision-making theory, a principal-subordinate hierarchical interactive iterative algorithm based on the satisfaction degree was developed and used to solve the initial water rights allocation model. A case study verified the validity of the model.

An Adaptive Hybrid Optimization Strategy for Resource Allocation in Network Function Virtualization

With the rapid development of Network Function Virtualization(NFV),the problem of low resource utilizationin traditional data centers is gradually being addressed.However,existing research does not optimize both localand global allocation of resources in data centers.Hence,we propose an adaptive hybrid optimization strategy thatcombines dynamic programming and neural networks to improve resource utilization and service quality in datacenters.Our approach encompasses a service function chain simulation generator,a parallel architecture servicesystem,a dynamic programming strategy formaximizing the utilization of local server resources,a neural networkfor predicting the global utilization rate of resources and a global resource optimization strategy for bottleneck andredundant resources.With the implementation of our local and global resource allocation strategies,the systemperformance is significantly optimized through simulation.

MADDPG-D2: An Intelligent Dynamic Task Allocation Algorithm Based on Multi-Agent Architecture Driven by Prior Knowledge

Aiming at the problems of low solution accuracy and high decision pressure when facing large-scale dynamic task allocation(DTA)and high-dimensional decision space with single agent,this paper combines the deep reinforce-ment learning(DRL)theory and an improved Multi-Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient(MADDPG-D2)algorithm with a dual experience replay pool and a dual noise based on multi-agent architecture is proposed to improve the efficiency of DTA.The algorithm is based on the traditional Multi-Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient(MADDPG)algorithm,and considers the introduction of a double noise mechanism to increase the action exploration space in the early stage of the algorithm,and the introduction of a double experience pool to improve the data utilization rate;at the same time,in order to accelerate the training speed and efficiency of the agents,and to solve the cold-start problem of the training,the a priori knowledge technology is applied to the training of the algorithm.Finally,the MADDPG-D2 algorithm is compared and analyzed based on the digital battlefield of ground and air confrontation.The experimental results show that the agents trained by the MADDPG-D2 algorithm have higher win rates and average rewards,can utilize the resources more reasonably,and better solve the problem of the traditional single agent algorithms facing the difficulty of solving the problem in the high-dimensional decision space.The MADDPG-D2 algorithm based on multi-agent architecture proposed in this paper has certain superiority and rationality in DTA.

Study on the Definition and Allocation of the Rights to Water Utilization in the Ecological Environment

With the rapid development of population and economy, the conflict between the supply and demand of water resources is becoming outstanding increasingly, In China, many people concern about the problems of ecological environment water expenditure.However, owning to the shortage of water resources and indefinite water rights, “the hustle effect” of per capita water resource is appeared, Moreover. it caused a series of environment problems. This article differentiates and analyzes the relevant concepts about the ecological enviromnent, and puts forward the defined concept of the rights to the ecological environment water utilization. In addition, it points out the characteristic of those rights, and does elementary study on the allocation principle, methods, and steps on the rights.

Study on the Concept of Per Capita Cumulative Emissions and Allocation Options

Global long-term emission reduction targets need well defined options for equitable allocation of greenhouse gas emissions. Scholars from developing countries put forward the concept of equitable per capita cumulative emission rights. There are four possible operational definitions resulting from this concept. These potential options for allocation of emission rights are expressed with mathematical equations. Through simple simulation, this paper reveals the advantages, disadvantages and characteristics of each option.

Review on the Study of the Allocation of Corporate Control in Enterprise Theory

With the establishment of a modem corporate system, the separation of ownership and management appears in the company. The rational allocation of corporate control between different behavioral agents has attracted more and more attention. This paper points out that scholars have studied the allocation of corporate control from the angles of the agency cost theory, property rights theory, corporate finance theory, and the theory of corporate governance, which has great value. However, the existing theories also have some flaws on the allocation of corporate control. First, people still have different understandings and views over the meaning of corporate control. Secondly, the existing research theoretically only observes and studies an arrangement of sheer level control, the allocation between final control and real control. This paper argues to build the two-tier allocation of corporate control： The first tier relation is between ultimate control rights and actual control rights, the second tier relation is between indirect control rights and direct control rights which are in actual control rights. This study can explain the resource allocation effects of corporate control, promote the development and improvement of the theory of the firm.

Optimal allocation of land resources in the process of economic development

In this paper,the writer uses a mathematical model to analyze:a theoretical model of land resources optimal allocation with the constraint of sustainable development;equilibrium and defects of land resources allocation in a competitive market;and how effective governmental supervision can change the equilibrium in the market and promote the optimization of land resources allocation.The main points of this paper are:continuous and excessive conversions that change land resources from agricultural use to non-agricultural use in the process of economic development are economic rules;a competitive market is an important way to improve the efficiency of land resources allocation;effective governmental supervision can cover the shortage of market and promote the optimization of land resources allocation;a reasonable arrangement of land property rights can reduce the transaction costs of government management in optimizing land resources allocation;and,the targets of land resources optimal allocation are developing along with economic development.

A Research Report on the Prescription Rights of Chinese Nurses

Objective: To explore the feasibility of the nurse’ s prescription right in China, to develop the requirements for the qualification of the ap-plicant for the prescription right of nurse, and to determine the content of certain prescriptions in the specific circumstances. Methods: Literature review on the relevant articles/material with the contents of the nurse’ s right of prescription home and a-broad. Semi-structured depth interview method was used to interview 18 experts on whether the nurses can participate in the graded nursing decision and whether nurses with certain ability can make the decision. Using the self-made questionnaire“Nur-ses involved in graded nursing decision-recognition questionnaire”, 553 nurses completed questionnaires on willingness to nurse decision-making grading. Using the analytic hierarchy process, the 23 experts’ judgment on the main body of the graded nurs-ing was rated. Using semi-structured depth interview method, 17 experts were interviewed on the graded nursing quality assess-ment and training outline. The form of expert personal judgment and the“grading nursing qualification experts predict question-naire”were used as a preliminary designing tool, 32 experts were asked to predict the graded nursing quality. The relatively im-portant factors that might promote implementation of right of Chinese nurse prescribing weights setting were obtained by analytic hierarchy process. Using Delphi method, 2 rounds of consultation to 291 experts/times were performed, and determined its con-tent on the fields of graded nursing decision, nurses’ job description, decision making nurse in graded nursing work process and related management system, decision-making main body of clinical nursing, nurse authority of prescription application qualifi-cation, clinical nurses, diabetes specialist nurses, tumor specialist nurses, nurses in emergency department, community nurses in certain circumstances writing prescription, and nursing undergraduate added with nurse authority of prescription related courses. Results: The physician is not considered to be the best decision-making main body of clinical nursing work and graded nurs-ing, nurses can participate in the work of decision-making. The qualification of hierarchical decision-making nurse and nurse prescribing applicants have been determined. The hierarchical nursing decision-making nurses’ position description and training outline have been compiled. Experts suggest that clinical nurses with certain qualifications should be given the rights of some prescription form ( independent prescription, prescription, prescription protocol extension) to prescribe specific drugs in high fe-ver, hypoglycemia, hypertension, anaphylactic shock and other 11 specific circumstances. The nurses of the diabetes should be given the right of prescribing sulfonylureas, biguanides, glucosidase inhibitor, and protamine zinc insulin, and the right to write the prescription and consultation for part of medical equipment, health education, and four routine tests, which contains blood sugar monitoring, urine glucose monitoring, glycosylated hemoglobin assay, and oral glucose tolerance test. Tumor specialist nurses should be given the right to write the prescription of 7 specific circumstances including blood routine tests, electrocardio-gram, blood biochemistry and other 9 laboratory tests, constipation, phlebitis, and cancer pain, and the right of 5 tumor emer-gency prescription including chemotherapy drug allergy, hemorrhagic shock, acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Nurses in e-mergency department with certain qualification should be given the right to prescribe specific drugs in 15 circumstances which include cardiac arrest, ventricular fibrillation, and acute cardiogenic chest pain. Community nurses with certain qualification should be given the right to write the prescriptions on 14 contents including disinfection and cleaning, sterile infusion type, and wound care products. Experts suggest that nursing undergraduate education in China should be added with 2 courses which are prescription rights related laws and regulations and nursing intervention, and that pharmacology course should be supplemented with related course in order to adapt to the implementation of nurse prescribing rights. Conclusions: China’ s nurses with certain qualification or after special training have the ability to accept and should be given the right of prescriptions in certain circumstance within the scope of their work.

How Load Aggregators Avoid Risks in Spot Electricity Market:In the Framework of Power Consumption Right Option Contracts

There is uncertainty in the electricity price of spot electricity market,which makes load aggregators undertake price risks for their agent users.In order to allow load aggregators to reduce the spot market price risk,scholars have proposed many solutions,such as improving the declaration decision-making model,signing power mutual insurance contracts,and adding energy storage and mobilizing demand-side resources to respond.In terms of demand side,calling flexible demand-side resources can be considered as a key solution.The user’s power consumption rights(PCRs)are core contents of the demand-side resources.However,there have been few studies on the pricing of PCR contracts and transaction decisions to solve the problem of price forecast deviation and to manage the uncertainty of spot market prices.In addition,in traditional PCR contracts,PCRs are mostly priced using a single price mechanism,that is,the power user is compensated for part of the electricity that was interrupted or reduced in power supply.However,some power users might engage in speculative behaviours under this mechanism.Further,for load aggregators,their price risk avoidance ability has not substantially improved.As a financial derivative,options can solve the above problems.In this article,firstly,the option method is used to build an option pricing optimization model for power consumption right contracts that can calculate the optimal option premium and strike price of option contracts of power consumption rights.Secondly,from the perspective of power users and load aggregators,a simulation model of power consumption right transaction decision-making is constructed.The results of calculation examples show that(1)Under the model in this article,the pricing of option contracts for power consumption rights with better risk aversion capabilities than traditional compensation contracts can be obtained.(2)The decision to sell or purchase the power consumption rights will converge at respective highvalue periods,and option contracts will expedite the process.(3)Option contracts can significantly reduce the loss caused by the uncertainty of spot electricity prices for load aggregators without reducing users’willingness to sell power consumption rights.

基于联合体双方异质性特征的EPC项目控制权配置模型研究

为确保联合体双方各自利益不受损的同时,实现项目效益最大化,EPC(Engineering-Procurement-Construction)项目控制权的合理配置成为关键。在考虑联合体双方异质性特征的基础上,构建EPC项目特定控制权与剩余控制权的配置模型,并对模型进行理论推导与假设检验。研究发现:联合体牵头者的身份能够有效抑制自利性投入行为;较高的决策偏好度会诱发自利性投入行为;特定控制权与剩余控制权配置区间的增加均会激发联合体双方的项目性投入;提高风险承受度而降低风险偏好度有利于减少设计方的自利性投入。研究成果为具有异质性特征的联合体成员间控制权的合理配置提供对策。

数字化转型与企业集团决策权配置

决策权配置对企业集团的生存与发展具有重要意义。在数字经济时代,企业集团的数字化转型将深刻改变决策权配置模式。本文构建理论模型并使用A股上市公司2011—2021年数据实证检验了数字化转型对企业集团决策权配置的影响。研究发现:数字化转型显著降低了企业集团决策权的集中度,促使决策权向子公司转移。在使用工具变量、DID以及PSM等多种稳健性检验方法后,主要结论仍然成立。渠道分析表明:数字化转型通过降低企业集团面临的不确定性以及降低子公司与母公司间的相对信息成本两条途径促使决策权向子公司转移。此外,数字化转型促进分权的效应在民营、子公司数量更少和子公司承担业务量更轻的企业集团中表现更为明显。本文的研究对公司治理具有重要意义,为数字时代企业集团决策权配置提供了理论与经验支撑。

我国用水权交易现状与制度构建

为促进《关于推进用水权改革的指导意见》提出的于2035年全面建立归属清晰、权责明确、流转顺畅、监管有效的用水权制度体系的工作目标,针对我国用水权交易仍存在初始分配制度不健全、交易定价机制不完备、用水监测计量与监管尚需加强的现状,分析了现行用水权交易制度存在的问题,在明确用水权交易内涵的基础上,提出用水权交易制度的构建应当利用哈贝马斯的商谈理论指导用水权初始分配,兼顾经济利益与生态利益构建标准多元、基准有别的定价机制,建立巡查与抽查制度完善的用水监测计量与监管的具体制度设计。

农地资源市场配置法律机制的完善

我国以土地承包经营权和土地经营权为基础的农地市场配置的法律机制,既存在市场机制的固有缺陷,也存在农村集体经济组织和集体土地所有权缺位的特定性局限。为实现市场对农地资源的有效配置,需充分发挥农村集体经济组织的民事治理作用和政府的市场管理与调控作用。应当完善农地市场民事法律机制,明确农村集体经济组织介入农户承包地经营权流转的法律地位和权利,扩大农村集体经济组织流转土地经营权的范围,完善农村集体经济组织的监督权利。应当完善对农地市场的管理调控法律机制,更好地发挥政府在农地用途管制、农业补贴政策和价格调控、产业政策引导、健全市场服务体系以及营造良好市场环境等方面的作用。

兼顾公平与效率视角下的区域农业初始水权分配研究——以湖南益阳市为例

针对农业用水量在区域总用水量中占比较大且用水效率有待提高这一问题,从兼顾公平与效率视角下构建区域农业初始水权分配模型,以最小化公平性满意度差异为目标,同时结合农业用水效率指标作为核心约束条件,以益阳市为例,运用Mtalab fmincon函数对模型进行求解,实现对益阳市2025年各行政区的农业初始水权分配。结果表明基于兼顾公平与效率模型的农业初始水权分配较现状分配总量和公平性满意度差异都有所减小,分配结果更公平高效。研究成果可为其他区域分配农业初始水权提供借鉴和参考。

排污指标法律属性辨析——兼及“排污权”交易制度的走向

“排污权”实为排污指标。对生产者的法律意义是,在许可的种类和数量范围内排污,它既包含权利,也包含义务。从排污不受限制到受法律规制的变化来看,排污指标的功能是设置义务。排污指标本身既不是权利,也不是财产。各种“排污权”权利说都不成立,无法为排污指标交易提供理论支持。排污指标具有某些财产属性是权力发挥作用的结果,其在交易过程中以财产的面貌出现,回到生产过程则回归到义务分配机制的本来属性。受自身本质属性的限制,排污指标的财产权能是不完整的。根据排污指标的性质和指标交易的目的,排污指标交易制度这样安排比较合适:排污指标初始分配采用当前占有无偿分配的方式;政府可以预留一定比例的储备指标,以便对排污指标的供给进行宏观调控;排污指标的交易价格由市场根据供求关系决定。

基于区块链技术的数字教育资源权益分配方法探讨

以网络开放课程、课件、学术报告和论文等为典型代表的数字教育资源是教育机构特别是教师的智力成果,资源建设者虽然投入了大量的时间精力和经费,但得不到应有的经济回报,显然是不合理的现象。文章从数字教育资源权益分配问题的时代背景入手,系统梳理了区块链技术用于数字资源权益分配领域的研究现状,研究了数字教育资源权益分配的机理。在此基础上,探讨了依托区块链技术的数字教育资源权益分配的基本思路,为实现基于区块链技术的数字教育资源权益分配提供了方法与路径。

我国排污权交易问题检视及完善路径分析

排污权交易是充分运用市场机制治理污染问题的制度,符合我国“十四五”规划中调动市场积极性进行生态环境保护的重点安排。当前,我国已经逐步展开了20多个省份的排污权交易试点,但由于排污权自身的复杂性,我国排污权交易在制度建设、总量控制、初始分配以及市场活力等方面仍然存在缺陷。基于此,为提高排污权交易效率,早日实现现代化环境治理体系建设,在分析市场问题的基础上,提出排污权交易的改善路径,包括完善制度建设、借鉴碳排放权发展、拓展市场参与主体等。

新就业形态下城市劳动力技能人力资本控制权意识与工作时间配置决策——基于工作时间异质性的分析

新就业形态下,劳动力工作时间配置自主性和灵活性增强。从劳动者技能积累和工作收入维度来考量,可将工作时间性质分为突破型、补充型、低维持型和耗竭型。运用心理账户和人力资本产权理论,深入探讨技能对城市劳动力工作时间配置决策机制。研究表明,劳动力技能人力资本具有人格化财产特性,使其在技能人力资本产权交易过程中产生强烈控制权意识,导致劳动力决策时会因技能的不同利益目标而分别形成情感型和经济型心理账户。情感账户下,技能人力资本控制权意识越强,劳动力越倾向于选择突破型工作时间和补充型工作时间;经济账户下,技能人力资本控制权意识越强,劳动力越倾向于选择低维持型工作时间和突破型工作时间。因此,应高度重视劳动力的工作流动问题,提升劳动者多维技能投资意识,健全和完善“普惠式”职业技能培训长效机制,以促进劳动者充分就业。

论算法时代下数据权利配置的效率原则

数字经济时代,数据已成为重要的新型生产要素。在我国既有的法律制度中,著作权、商业秘密和反不正当竞争法保护数据财产利益都存在一定局限性,难以回应算法时代数据确权的现实需求。运用法经济学的分析方法考察效率数据权利配置追求的重要价值目标,发现数据权利的静态配置效率旨在促进具有交换价值的数据集合生产;数据权利的动态配置效率旨在促进数据流通。实现数据权利配置效率目标,既要让数据处理者对其加工、处理的数据集合享有排他性财产权,又要通过权利限制协调数据处理者与数据使用者之间的利益关系,确保数据得到最大限度的利用。

流域初始水权分配的主从递阶双层优化方法

依托“流域-地区-行业”层次的初始水权分配模式,“流域-地区”层次影响制约“地区-行业”层次的初始水权分配,“流域-地区”和“地区-行业”层次的初始水权分配共同影响流域综合效益。现有研究主要聚焦“流域-地区”或“地区-行业”层次的初始水权分配,但将两个层次集成进行初始水权分配仍有待深化研究。为此,构建主从递阶双层优化方法,开展流域初始水权分配研究。具体可表述为:①针对“流域-地区”层次,建立流域综合效益优化函数与约束条件。构造适应性诊断准则和空间均衡性诊断准则,嵌入流域综合效益优化函数中,提高地区之间初始水权分配与经济社会发展的适应性、流域分水的空间均衡性。②针对“地区-行业”层次,建立地区综合效益优化的非线性目标规划模型,保障行业发展用水需求。并构造匹配性诊断准则嵌入非线性目标规划模型中,提高地区不同行业初始水权分配与行业发展的匹配性。③集成“流域-地区”和“地区-行业”层次,应用主从递阶双层优化方法,开展黄河流域初始水权分配实践探索。研究得出:通过黄河流域初始水权分配方案设计,得到黄河流域涉及省区水权分配比例与其经济社会发展综合指标加权值比例的比值,其中,内蒙古-陕西、陕西-宁夏、宁夏-山西、山西-河南、河南-甘肃、甘肃-青海、青海-山东分别为0.84、1.45、0.84、1.08、1.19、1.77、1.02,满足适应性诊断准则。黄河流域初始水权分配的基尼系数为0.10,属于“空间均衡度很高”,满足空间均衡性诊断准则。黄河流域涉及省区不同行业的水权配置与行业发展的匹配度均超过0.90,属于“高度匹配”。同时,黄河流域经济、社会、生态效益优化函数对应的满意度分别达到0.946、0.943、1.000,黄河流域涉及省区的经济、社会、生态效益优化函数对应的满意度均超过0.90。结果表明,该方法能够有效破解流域初始水权分配难题。为保障流域初始水权分配方案的有效落实,必须强化水资源刚性约束和双控行动,提升流域水利科技创新能力,推进流域产业用水结构合理化与产业结构高级化。