Ecological Restoration Technology and Carbon Reduction Paths of Abandoned Mines in Zoige Alpine Grassland Area

At first,the ecological restoration technology of abandoned mines is summarized,and the paths and models of mine ecological restoration in Zoige grassland area under the background of carbon neutrality are analyzed.Moreover,the problems and deficiencies in the current research on mine ecological restoration in Zoige grassland area are initially identified,and the future research trend is prospected to provide a reference for the path of carbon reduction by mine ecological restoration in Zoige grassland area and other alpine grassland areas in the future.

Reconstruction Mode of Rural Dilapidated Houses in Alpine and Gorge Area of Southwest China——A Case Study of Scientific Identification and Precision Reconstruction of Rural Dilapidated Houses in Luquan County,Yunnan Province

The transformation of dilapidated houses in rural areas is not only a livelihood project related to the broad masses of rural people,but also a major project to win the battle against poverty. Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County,Yunnan Province,located in the high mountain and gorge area along Jinsha River,is one of the key counties of poverty alleviation and development with a wide range of poverty and a deep degree of poverty. The incidence of poverty is 22. 21%. Housing security is the focus,difficulty and emphasis of poverty alleviation in this county,the number of dilapidated houses is large,the type is complex,the transformation is difficult,and the implementation cost is high.Since the beginning of 2017,Luquan County has faced difficulties,explored in depth,pioneered and innovated,and completed the renovation of 54 801 dilapidated houses in an all-round way. It created a road full of characteristics and effectiveness of rural dilapidated housing transformation,and explored a set of effective scientific identification and accurate transformation models for rural dilapidated housing worthy of reference and promotion. Successful renovation of dilapidated houses,combined with industrial poverty alleviation,education poverty alleviation,health poverty alleviation and other accurate poverty alleviation measures,have made Luquan County win a decisive victory in the fight against poverty. By the end of December 2018,the incidence of poverty in the county had dropped to 0. 54%,and 115 poor villages( including 83 extremely poor villages) had successfully shaken off poverty. This paper analyzes and summarizes the concrete methods,main effects,characteristics and bright spots,successful experience,and reference significance of the scientific identification and precise transformation mode of rural dilapidated houses in this county,so as to provide a necessary reference for the transformation of rural dilapidated houses in Yunnan Province and even poor counties in similar provinces( cities and districts).

Estimation of Regional Evapotranspiration in Alpine Area and Its Response to Land Use Change:A Case Study in Three-River Headwaters Region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China

Three-River Headwaters(TRH) region involved in this paper refers to the source region of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River,the Huanghe(Yellow) River and the Lancang River in China.Taking the TRH region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as a case,the annual evapotranspiration(ET) model developed by Zhang et al.(2001) was applied to evaluate mean annual ET in the alpine area,and the response of annual ET to land use change was analyzed.The plant-available water coefficient(w) of Zhang's model was revised by using vegetation-temperature condition index(VTCI) before annual ET was calculated in alpine area.The future land use scenario,an input of ET model,was spatially simulated by using the conversion of land use and its effects at small regional extent(CLUE-S) to study the response of ET to land use change.Results show that the relative errors between the simulated ET and that calculated by using water balance equation were 3.81% and the index of agreement was 0.69.This indicates that Zhang's ET model based on revised plant-available water coefficient is a scientific and practical tool to estimate the annual ET in the alpine area.The annual ET in 2000 in the study area was 221.2 mm,11.6 mm more than that in 1980.Average annual ET decreased from southeast to northwest,but the change of annual ET between 1980 and 2000 increased from southeast to northwest.As a vast and sparsely populated area,the population in the TRH region was extremely unbalanced and land use change was concentrated in very small regions.Thus,land use change had little effect on total annual ET in the study area but a great impact on its spatial distribution,and the effect of land use change on ET decreased with increasing precipitation.ET was most sensitive to the interconversion between forest and unused land,and was least sensitive to the interconversion between cropland and low-covered grassland.

Adaptability and Application of Australian Merino Sheep in the Alpine Pastoral Areas

[Objective] The paper was to study the adaptability of Australian Merino sheep in the alpine pastoral areas. [Method]Through introduction of Australian Merino sheep for hybridizing with Gansu alpine fine wool sheep,the improvement effect of offspring was observed. [Result]The introduced Australian Merino sheep had good adaptability in the alpine pastoral areas with good hair quality,strong cold resistance and disease resistance,and they could grow and reproduce healthily in the alpine pastoral areas. The application effect of the ram was outstanding,showing large breeding amount,high conception rate and survival rate.[Conclusion]The improvement effect of offspring of Australian Merino sheep and Gansu alpine fine wool sheep was significant,and the growth performance was improved greatly.

Application of Self-pressure Sprinkler Irrigation Technology to Grassland Vegetation Restoration in Alpine Arid Areas

To study the application of self-pressure sprinkler irrigation technology to vegetation restoration of grassland in alpine arid areas,three treatments including fenced grassland(FG),fencedirrigated grassland(FA),and free grazing grassland(CK) were compared in respect of primary productivity.The results showed that the community coverage of FA was only 35.96% higher than that of FG and 152.69% higher than that of CK;the plant height of FA was only 76.71% higher than that of FG and 155.77% higher than that of CK;the productivity of the community in FA was only 24.10% higher than that of FG and 110.00% higher than that of CK.It indicates that the self-pressure sprinkler irrigation technology has certain demonstration and promotion potential in vegetation restoration of grassland in alpine regions and can provide a new way for the sustainable development of grassland animal husbandry in Tibet.

Analysis of the Land Use Structure in Alpine Valley Area of Jinsha River:Taking Xueshan Township,Luquan County,Yunnan Province as an Example

Oriented by ecological,production and living functions of land,this paper analyzes the status of land use in Xueshan Township,Luquan County,Yunnan Province using the method of assignment.The land is classified into general production land,production and ecological land,general living land,living and production land,living and ecological land,general ecological land and ecological and production land.The result is compared with the classification system of the second national land survey.In theory,the classification system of ecological land,living land and production land is constructed.Taking Xueshan Township,Luquan County,a typical alpine valley area of Jinsha River as an example,based on the survey data on the changes of land use in Xueshan Township in Luquan County in 2016,this paper analyzes the distribution of ecological land,living land and production land in Xueshan Township.The results show that in Xueshan Township,ecological land(including general ecological land and ecological and production land)has the largest proportion(54.84%)in area,followed by production land(including general production land and production and ecological land)(44.41%),and living land(including general living land and living and production land)has the lowest proportion(only 0.75%).In overall,the distribution of production land and ecological land in Xueshan Township is not reasonable enough.For example,the proportion of dry land with a slope bigger than 15°and serious oil erosion in the township is currently 79.23%,among which,the dry land with a slope bigger than 25°and particularly serious soil erosion accounts for 52.88%.Therefore,it is necessary to gradually take measures to convert cultivated land into forests and further optimize the structure and spatial configuration of ecological land,living land and production land.

Risk assessment of glacial debris flow on alpine highway under climate change: A case study of Aierkuran Gully along Karakoram Highway

Glacial debris flows(GDFs) often occur in alpine regions that are subject to rapid climate change, and pose a serious threat to road systems. However, the ways that climate change impacts GDF risks along road systems remain poorly understood. Aierkuran Gully, located in eastern Pamir along Karakoram Highway(KKH), is a hotspot for GDF activity and climate change, and was thus selected to investigate the GDF risk to road systems under climate change conditions. Reg CM4.6 climate data for northwestern China were selected as climate projections during baseline(2011–2020) and future periods(2031–2040) under the Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP) 8.5. To reflect the coupling effect of rainfall and melt water that triggers GDF, a glacial hydrological model DETIM that considers both factors was applied to calculate the peak debris flow discharge. A FLO-2D model was calibrated based on high-quality data collected from a detailed field investigation and historical debris flow event. The FLO-2D model was used to simulate the debris flow depth and velocity during baseline and future periods under RCP8.5. The debris flow hazard was analyzed by integrating the maximum flow depth and momentum. Road structure vulnerability was further determined based on the economic value and susceptibility of hazard-affected objects. The GDF risk along KKH was assessed based on the GDF hazard and vulnerability analysis. Our results show that climate change would lead to amplified peak debris flow discharge, trigger highermagnitude GDF, and induce more severe damage and threats to the road system. Compared with the baseline period, the debris flow damage risk for culverts and bridges would increase and the areas that inundate the road and pavement would expand. Our findings provide valuable insights for the development of mitigation strategies to adapt road systems to climate change, especially in alpine regions with highly active GDFs.

香格里拉高寒区禾豆间作模式及青贮品质研究

为缓解饲草匮乏对香格里拉高寒区畜牧业发展的限制问题,利用禾豆牧草开展不同间作模式和青贮品质研究,以探究适宜该地区的禾豆牧草间作模式。以燕麦(A.sativa)和光叶紫花苕(V.villosa Roth var.)为试验材料,以播种量配比13∶2(T1)、12∶3(T2)、10∶5(T3)、8∶7(T4)进行间作,对各处理的株高、产量、病虫害及杂草防控情况等进行测定。结果显示,相较燕麦单作,除总盖度与燕麦盖度外,生长前期,间作对株高、缠绕程度及病虫害发生情况等影响较小(P>0.05)。生长后期,间作(T1、T2、T3、T4)处理对燕麦的株高(174.9、163.3、160.3、178.2 cm)具有一定的促进作用,总鲜草和总干草产量较单作分别提高了32.0%~58.3%和35.2%~70.3%(P<0.05);间作处理下的总盖度极显著高于燕麦单作(P<0.01),其中T3处理燕麦叶斑病的发病率(13.50%)和倒伏率(6.50%)最低,T3、T4处理对于杂草防控效果较为显著(P<0.01)。间作处理的混合青贮品质显著改善,其中T3和T4处理的混贮粗蛋白含量较燕麦单作单贮提高5.20、7.51百分点,酸性洗涤纤维降低5.37、10.11百分点。综合株高、产量、燕麦倒伏率、杂草和病虫害防控、青贮品质等指标,香格里拉高寒区燕麦与光叶紫花苕间作播种量配比宜控制在10∶5。

边坡监测与治理技术在高寒矿区露天煤矿生态修复中的应用研究

边坡治理是露天矿山生态修复中的重要内容之一。以青海木里矿区聚乎更区为例,针对高寒矿区露天煤矿的边坡问题识别、监测和治理开展了系统研究,通过遥感、物探、钻探及地表测量等手段研究了矿区内不稳定边坡发育特征及稳定性。研究结果表明:建立了以遥感技术为核心,辅以常规的地表监测、地质调查、物探及钻探等手段的“天空地时”一体化不稳定边坡探查监测体系,确定矿区内不稳定边坡发育特征及稳定性,为矿山修复治理针对性开展边坡治理提供依据;采用高危渣山降高减载和边坡减坡治理技术,对边坡台阶进行清坡处理,消除浮石和崩塌等灾害,对渣山削坡卸载,使采坑边坡和渣山边坡达到稳定状态;并以聚乎更4号井南渣山为例,根据高密度电法探测和钻探验证,识别出了常年冻土上限和渣土层与原采坑基岩界线两个滑移面,确定后缘载荷过大是导致滑坡的主要因素,采取“后缘降高减载+边坡减坡+水系连通+综合监测”的治理方案,治理后既消除了对边坡前缘的载荷,又为后期植被复绿提供了稳定的立地条件。多期次动态监测表明边坡后缘已趋于稳定;边坡监测及治理技术在木里矿区生态修复治理中得到广泛使用,治理后的渣山边坡坡度控制均小于26°,有效消除了不稳定边坡对修复治理的影响,保障了矿山生态修复治理成效。

基于OCVOR优化模型的高寒受损煤矿区人工恢复效果评价研究

为探明高寒矿区施肥和覆土的生态恢复效果及土壤速效养分对生态系统健康的影响,将生态系统健康评价指数CVOR通过优化土壤基况设计为OCVOR指数,并采用VOR、CVOR和OCVOR指数对5种施肥梯度(分别为施磷酸二铵0.0125、0.0375、0.1125 kg/m^(2)以及1年不施磷酸二铵、5年不施磷酸二铵)和3种覆土厚度(0、20~25、40~45 cm)恢复措施下的高寒矿区人工草地生态系统健康程度和恢复效果进行评价和对比分析。结果表明:3种指数对不同施肥和覆土措施的评价结果趋于一致,中施肥(磷酸二铵0.0375 kg/m^(2))和厚覆土(40~45 cm土壤厚度)是该地区适宜的恢复措施,整体上采用覆土措施的生态系统健康水平和恢复效果低于施肥措施。OCVOR指数评价结果表明,该地区采用中施肥、重施肥(磷酸二铵0.1125 kg/m^(2))措施的生态系统为不健康和一般,轻施肥(磷酸二铵0.0125 kg/m^(2))、1年不施肥、重覆土措施的生态系统为警戒和差,中覆土(20~25 cm土壤厚度)、未覆土和5年不施肥措施生态系统为崩溃和很差。8种恢复措施下VOR、CVOR和OCVOR指数分别在0.18~0.95、0.02~0.30、0.05~0.41之间,OCVOR指数评价结果介于VOR和CVOR指数之间。与VOR和CVOR指数相比,OCVOR指数评价结果更加符合破坏程度大的高寒矿区煤矸石山人工草地生态系统健康状况和恢复实际,OCVOR模型更具有客观性和科学性。

InSAR用于高山峡谷区滑坡监测的适用性

针对升降轨Sentinel-1A数据获取的得荣县古学乡2个大型滑坡形变特征不一致的问题,利用R指数、敏感性和相干性等参数,开展InSAR技术用于该地区滑坡监测的适用性研究。结果表明,降轨数据比升轨数据更适合2处大型滑坡的识别与监测,并很好地解释了升降轨滑坡监测结果不一致的原因。对2个滑坡进行时间序列形变分析及多维形变特征分解,结果表明,2个滑坡在2019~2020年累积形变量最大值分别约为300 mm和230 mm,需加强关注。

高山峡谷区山洪沟口泥沙堆积特征数值试验

山洪泥石流是高山峡谷区一种常见的自然现象,其运动过程通常伴随剧烈的沟道侵蚀,并在沟口形成显著的泥沙堆积体。由于高山峡谷地区山高谷深,难以通过实地调查及模型实验等传统的研究手段追踪沟床泥沙受山洪泥石流冲刷的运动过程,无法揭示山洪泥石流挟带泥沙的堆积形态及堆积体中泥沙粒径分布特征,易产生对灾害影响范围估计不足导致的区域人员伤亡和财产损失。为探究山洪沟口泥沙堆积形态和粒度特征,以概化的高山峡谷区山洪沟为研究对象,采用耦合的计算流体力学(CFD)与离散单元法(DEM)数学模型,模拟了受到不同流变特性山洪泥石流冲刷的泥沙颗粒在沟口的堆积过程,重点分析了山洪泥石流体积浓度对堆积区中不同粒径泥沙颗粒堆积发展过程的影响。结果表明:泥沙堆积体的发展速度随着山洪泥石流体积浓度增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势,过高的体积浓度促使堆积体形态发生改变。泥沙平均堆积距离随时间变化可以分为高速增加、初次减速、增速恢复和稳定发展4个阶段。随着粒径的增大,泥沙与堆积体中心的平均距离也增大但堆积分散程度减小。泥沙颗粒的分散程度随时间变化过程与泥沙粒径和体积浓度密切相关,可以使用具有3个参数的幂函数对这个过程进行预测。泥沙颗粒粒径的增大加快其在堆积体中的分散速度而山洪泥石流体积浓度的增大使泥沙颗粒的分散速度先增加后减小。研究可为进一步理解山洪泥石流堆积致灾机理提供科学依据。

青藏高原川西北牧区一年两季饲草种植模式对土壤理化性质及酶活性的影响

【目的】川西北高寒牧区气候寒冷,牧草生长季短,选用抗寒性强的小黑麦品种进行秋播,翌年复种不同作物,可以有效提高土地利用效率和牧草产量。【方法】以8个小黑麦种质(甘农2号小黑麦、甘农3号小黑麦、甘农4号小黑麦、甘农7号小黑麦、藏饲1号小黑麦、小黑麦品系C16、C23、C25)作为秋播材料,次年复种不同作物:B1(50%藏饲1号小黑麦混播50%饲用豌豆),B2(50%藏饲1号小黑麦混播50%箭筈豌豆),B3(50%青甜1号燕麦混播50%饲用豌豆),B4(50%青甜1号燕麦混播50%箭筈豌豆),以研究秋播小黑麦复种不同作物对土壤理化性质(pH值、有机质、全氮、全钾、全磷、速效氮、速效磷及速效钾含量)及土壤酶(过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶、脲酶及蔗糖酶)活性的影响。【结果】秋播小黑麦复种不同作物后,土壤养分含量及酶活性均有所提高。【结论】秋播甘农4号小黑,翌年麦复种50%藏饲1号小黑麦混播50%饲用豌豆模式对土壤理化及酶活性影响最大,能够改善土壤理化环境及酶活性,有助于提高牧草产量。

高寒生态脆弱区农牧民生活垃圾集中处理激励机制与政策模拟——以藏北牧区为例

高寒生态脆弱区环境本底敏感而脆弱,生活垃圾不当处理极易加剧生态系统退化风险,揭示区内农牧民生活垃圾集中处理的多主体互动机制及政策激励效果对落实生活垃圾治理、降低生态风险和提升人居品质具有重要意义。基于藏北牧区的案例,考虑高寒生态脆弱区的气候高寒、牧民定居点分散等现实约束,构建村镇基层政府和农牧民的演化博弈模型,探究区内农牧民生活垃圾处理的激励机制。结果显示:①农牧民参与是提高高寒生态脆弱区生活垃圾集中处理效率的关键,村镇基层政府的奖惩措施能够显著激励农牧民参与生活垃圾集中处理,奖惩机制中惩罚的约束作用更为显著。②村镇基层政府的宣传和设施建设措施能够显著促进农牧民参与生活垃圾集中处理,设施配置对农牧民参与行为影响的敏感度明显大于宣传教育,完善设施建设是促进生活垃圾集中处理的关键措施。③优化高寒生态脆弱区农牧民生活垃圾集中处理制度的政策导向:立足高寒生态脆弱区气候高寒、牧民定居点分散及产污特性,优化生活垃圾集中处理设施的规划建设和运行管理、加强村镇基层政府参与治理的检查评估和行政管理、完善农牧民参与治理的激励约束机制。

Biological soil crusts and their potential applications in the sand land over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is now experiencing ecological degradation risks as a result of climate change and human activities.The alpine grassland ecology in permafrost zones is fragile and susceptible to deterioration due to its high altitude,low temperature,and limited oxygen,which complicates the repair of damaged land.Biological soil crusts(BSCs)are crucial for land restoration in plateau regions because they can thrive in harsh conditions and have environmentally beneficial traits.Inoculated biological soil crust(IBSC)has shown success in low-altitude desert regions,but may not be easily duplicated to the plateau environment.Therefore,it is essential to do a comprehensive and multifaceted analysis of the basic theoretical comprehension and practical application of BSCs on the Tibetan Plateau.This review article aims to provide a brief summary of the ecological significance and the mechanisms related to the creation,growth,and progression of BSCs.It discusses the techniques used for cultivating BSCs in laboratories and using them in the field,focusing on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau circumstance.We thoroughly discussed the potential and the required paths for further studies.This study may be used as a basis for selecting suitable microbial strains and accompanying supplemental actions for implementing IBSCs in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

基于格局-质量-功能的高寒草甸区生态脆弱性分析——以云南迪庆为例

以滇西北高寒草甸区为研究对象,通过建立格局-质量-功能框架开展其生态系统脆弱性时空特征评价,并利用地理加权回归模型分析各因子对生态系统脆弱性变化的空间异质性影响.结果表明:滇西北高寒草甸区生态系统脆弱性指数(EVI)格局由北向南递减.2000~2020年迪庆北部地区的生态系统脆弱性指数呈增加趋势,生态脆弱性性指数最高增加了0.30,中南部绝大部分地区呈下降趋势.影响因子对生态系统脆弱性敏感性显著,气候因子对迪庆北部和南部地区的生态系统脆弱性敏感,经济(GDP)、人口(POP)等因子是导致区域生态系统脆弱性指数增加的主要因素.

基于活力-组织力-恢复力的黑河源区高寒湿地景观生态健康评估

黑河源国家湿地公园作为典型高寒河源湿地,其生态系统健康状况是衡量高寒湿地当前及未来发展状态的重要依据。本研究基于土地利用数据,引入景观生态脆弱性指数,从生态系统活力、组织力、恢复力和生态系统服务价值4个方面构建高寒湿地生态健康综合评价体系,定量评估2014—2021年黑河源区生态健康时空变化特征。结果表明:(1)草地是黑河源区最主要的土地利用类型,高、中和低覆盖度草地呈镶嵌式分布;其次是未利用地,主要分布在河流两岸及西北部。(2)黑河源区以低脆弱区和较低脆弱区面积为主,整体景观生态脆弱性较低。(3)黑河源区以健康和中等健康为主,整体生态环境健康水平较高。综合来看,黑河源区2014—2021年生态系统较为健康,今后黑河源区应该以生态功能为主,兼顾牧业生产,保证生态系统朝着“生态和谐”的健康方向发展。

基于冷暖季放牧区划分的玉树州草畜平衡估算及变化分析

玉树州作为三江源高寒生态屏障区以牧为主农牧业结合发展的核心地区,草畜平衡不仅关系生态屏障安全,也对实现科学的畜牧业经济管理具有重要的指导意义。因此,本研究以探究高寒生态屏障区天然草地的草畜平衡变化为目的,选择玉树州为研究区,利用2014-2019年MOD13A1 NDVI产品数据和MOD17A3H NPP产品数据、统计数据、植被类型数据,在划分县域冷暖两季放牧区的基础上,以“木桶效应”确定了各县(市)天然草地的合理载畜量并对其草畜平衡进行了评估。结果表明:1)按照理论上的自然轮牧规律,参考固定面积比例和年内NDVI的时空分布规律划分的玉树州各县(市)冷季放牧区分布于较温暖的沟谷地区,暖季放牧区处于高寒区域,且冷季放牧区产草量大于暖季放牧区。2)年际间冷暖季放牧区干草产量均呈波动增长趋势,年均增长率均在3.00%以上且暖季放牧区年产草量增长率大于冷季放牧区。3)2014-2019年玉树州整体的草畜平衡状态由临界超载和超载波动转为平衡,但各县(市)草畜平衡状态存在差异,推测可能是因为自然保护区和国家公园生态工程支持的空间范围差异引起的。本研究对进一步修订三江源自然保护区和国家公园建设方案,实施高寒生态屏障区生态和畜牧业经济的良性发展策略具有一定的参考价值。

高寒高海拔地区植被特征及工程扰动区生态修复研究

高寒高海拔地区生态环境脆弱且自然环境恶劣,工程扰动后生态修复十分困难,因此研究高寒工程扰动区生态修复具有重大现实意义。依托雅砻江中游河段某水电开发建设项目,通过对研究区植被进行典型抽样调查,结合工程扰动特点和不同区域立地条件,对不同海拔梯度工程扰动区提出生态修复措施和植物配置模式。结果表明:(1)海拔2700 m以下,优势物种为金合欢、余甘子、牡荆、油橄榄、扁核木、悬钩子、蔷薇、火棘、蓼、黄茅、戟叶酸模、苜蓿、茅叶荩草等植物;海拔在2700~3500 m之间,优势物种为云南松、白桦、丽江云杉、川滇高山栎、杜鹃、四川莎草、旱茅、茅叶荩草、长叶火绒草等植物;海拔在3500~4500 m之间,优势物种为长苞冷杉、杜鹃、冷箭竹、西南委陵菜、异针茅等植物;海拔在4500 m以上,优势物种为风毛菊、红景天、侧茎垂头菊、矮金莲花等植物。(2)根据工程扰动特点,主体工程区土质和土石边坡立地类型应以灌草植物配置为主,岩质边坡困难立地类型应以草本和藤本植物配置为主;弃渣场、取土场立地类型应以灌草植物配置为主;施工道路等立地类型应以乔灌草植物配置为主。

祁连山南麓露天矿区高寒草地植被生态系统稳定性研究——以青海木里-聚乎更矿区为例

高寒草原矿区生态安全问题一直备受关注,开展高寒草原矿区植被生态系统稳定性研究,能够深刻揭示露天采矿活动及其生态修复工程对高寒草原矿区植被生态系统的影响。以祁连山南麓青海木里-聚乎更矿区为研究区,通过分析煤矿开采前至修复完成后2002—2022年共9期Landsat遥感影像,基于归一化植被指数(NDVI)数据的网格化处理,以NDVI的均值(μ)、均方差(σ)和相对涨落值(δ)3个植被稳定性指数为依据,开展煤矿露天开采与整治修复过程对矿区植被生态系统稳定性的影响研究,揭示煤矿开采前至修复治理后全生命周期矿区植被生态系统变异性与稳定性特征,并对比两次生态修复的效果。结果表明:①矿区天然草地背景区植被生态系统处于宏观稳定状态,NDVI相对涨落值δ<0.45;②与天然草地背景区相比,煤矿开采后矿区NDVI相对涨落值明显增加,与背景区阈值的差值可达0.97,说明矿区植被生态系统失稳;③2015—2017年第一次修复治理后,矿区NDVI相对涨落值未能有效降低,该值范围为0.28~1.10,覆土+人工建植在高寒草原矿区修复效果不显著;④2020—2022年第二次修复治理后,矿区植被生态系统稳定性明显改善,治理区NDVI相对涨落值降低至与天然草地背景区相似水平(0.07~0.59),矿区植被生态系统稳定性排序为矿区坑底平台>矿区矿坑斜坡>矿区渣山;⑤土壤改良显著提高了各地形条件下植被生态系统的稳定性,促进植被正向演替,地形是影响矿区植被生态恢复的主要因子,可通过优化矿区渣山与阴坡斜坡的治理措施来进一步提升矿山受损植被生态系统的恢复效率。研究成果可为我国高寒草原矿区的资源合理开发和生态建设提供科学依据。