Comparative analysis of volatile constituents between herbal pair flos lonicerae-caulis lonicerae and its single herbs

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) and the chemometric resolution method(alternative moving window factor analysis,AMWFA) were used for comparative analysis of volatile constituents in herbal pair(HP) flos lonicerae-caulis lonicerae(FL-CL) and its single herbs.The temperature-programmed retention index(PTRI) was also employed for the identification of compounds.In total,44,39,and 50 volatile chemical components in volatile oil of FL,CL and HP FL-CL were separately determined qualitatively and quantitatively,accounting for 87.22%,94.54% and 90.08% total contents of volatile oil of FL,CL and HP FL-CL,respectively.The results show that there are 32 common volatile constituents between HP FL-CL and single herb FL,33 common volatile constituents between HP FL-CL and single herb CL,and 10 new constituents in the volatile oil of HP FL-CL.

Model and algorithm of optimizing alternate traffic restriction scheme in urban traffic network

An optimization model and its solution algorithm for alternate traffic restriction(ATR) schemes were introduced in terms of both the restriction districts and the proportion of restricted automobiles. A bi-level programming model was proposed to model the ATR scheme optimization problem by aiming at consumer surplus maximization and overload flow minimization at the upper-level model. At the lower-level model, elastic demand, mode choice and multi-class user equilibrium assignment were synthetically optimized. A genetic algorithm involving prolonging codes was constructed, demonstrating high computing efficiency in that it dynamically includes newly-appearing overload links in the codes so as to reduce the subsequent searching range. Moreover,practical processing approaches were suggested, which may improve the operability of the model-based solutions.

Chinese Economy under the New"Dual Circulation"Strategy:Challenges and Opportunities-A Summary of the Annual SUFE Macroeconomic Report(2020-2021)

Entering year 2020,the Chinese economy was struck by the COVID-19 outbreak.The unprecedented pandemic,entangled with the already elevated complexities in the nation's internal environment and external surroundings,aggravated its economic outlook.Internal factors including severe education mismatch in China's labor force,its vanishing demographic dividend,the declined purchasing power of its middle-income groups,risen leverage ratio of households and enterprises,and soared local government debt reinforced to weaken China's domestic demand.External factors,especially uncertainty in the China-US relation in the face of the re-shaping global value chain,dragged world economic recovery and thus China's exports and imports.This summary report highlights some major challenges and opportunities faced by the nation under its new development strategy that stresses internal circulation of domestic economy aided by its interaction with the globe.Our analyses based on IAR-CMM model provide a unified framework for addressing China's short-,medium-,and long-term issues in an internally coherent manner.Looking into year 2021,our benchmark projection reports an 8.4%annual real GDP growth rate.Alternative scenario analyses and policy simulations are conducted to assess the impacts of potential downside risks and the corresponding policy options for ensuring implicit targets.Through the lens of these analyses,we conclude that a refocus on effective management of internal demand,while deepening structural reforms on supply side and advancing orderly opening up,can help smooth the internal and external circulations of the Chinese economy to achieve high-quality development.