Harmonic balance method with alternating frequency/time domain technique for nonlinear dynamical system with fractional exponential

Comparisons of the common methods for obtaining the periodic responses show that the harmonic balance method with alternating frequency/time （HB-AFT） do- main technique has some advantages in dealing with nonlinear problems of fractional exponential models. By the HB-AFT method, a rigid rotor supported by ball bearings with nonlinearity of Hertz contact and ball passage vibrations is considered. With the aid of the Floquet theory, the movement characteristics of interval stability are deeply studied. Besides, a simple strategy to determine the monodromy matrix is proposed for the stability analysis.

Comparison of delay compensation methods for real-time hybrid simulation using frequency-domain evaluation index

The delay compensation method plays an essential role in maintaining the stability and achieving accurate real-time hybrid simulation results. The effectiveness of various compensation methods in different test scenarios, however, needs to be quantitatively evaluated. In this study, four compensation methods （i.e., the polynomial extrapolation, the linear acceleration extrapolation, the inverse compensation and the adaptive inverse compensation） are selected and compared experimentally using a frequency evaluation index （FEI） method. The effectiveness of the FEI method is first verified through comparison with the discrete transfer fimction approach for compensation methods assuming constant delay. Incomparable advantage is further demonstrated for the FEI method when applied to adaptive compensation methods, where the discrete transfer function approach is difficult to implement. Both numerical simulation and laboratory tests with predefined displacements are conducted using sinusoidal signals and random signals as inputs. Findings from numerical simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the FEI method is an efficient and effective approach to compare the performance of different compensation methods, especially for those requiring adaptation of compensation parameters.

A Krylov Space-Based Finite Element Time Domain Method for Broadband Frequency Domain Solutions

A Krylov space based time domain method for wave propagation problems is introduced. The proposed method uses the Arnoldi algorithm to obtain broad-band frequency domain solutions. This method is especially advantageous in cases where slow convergence is observed when using traditional time domain methods. The efficiency of the method is examined in several test cases to show its fast convergence in such problems.

Frequency-time Domain Shielding Effectiveness of Materials and Their Strong Electromagnetic Field Test

To describe the shielding ability of materials accurately and comprehensively,the frequency-domain and time-domain shielding effectiveness(SE) of material is investigated.The relevance between them was analyzed based on the minimum phase method,and the time-domain SE can be derived from frequency-domain SE.The SE of an energy selective surface(ESS) made of a novel material is investigated,and the relationship between SE and radiation field intensity are analyzed.The results show that not only material,but also the intensity of radiation electric field shows influence on SE in its frequency; for some materials,the dependence of SE on radiation electric field intensity needs to be considered.Therefore,it is necessary to research on the SE of shielding material in high-intensity electromagnetic environment.

Hydroelasticity Analysis in Frequency Domain and Time Domain

Hydroelasticity has been introduced in ship seakeeping assessment for more than three decades, and it finally becomes an essential tool in marine industry for design of some types of ship. In the 35 years of evolution, hydroelasticity methods applied in industry of marine and offshore energy grown up from two dimensional to three dimensional and now has analysis models of linear model in frequency domain and nonlinear model in time domain. In this paper, we present the three dimensional hydroelasticity theory model in frequency domain and time domain, show the difference in the approach, and discuss their applications in wave-structure interaction.

Finite difference time domain method forward simulation of complex geoelectricity ground penetrating radar model

The ground penetrating radar(GPR) forward simulation all aims at the singular and regular models, such as sandwich model, round cavity, square cavity, and so on, which are comparably simple. But as to the forward of curl interface underground or “v” figure complex model, it is difficult to realize. So it is important to forward the complex geoelectricity model. This paper takes two Maxwell’s vorticity equations as departure point, makes use of the principles of Yee’s space grid model theory and the basic principle finite difference time domain method, and deduces a GPR forward system of equation of two dimensional spaces. The Mur super absorbed boundary condition is adopted to solve the super strong reflection on the interceptive boundary when there is the forward simulation. And a self-made program is used to process forward simulation to two typical geoelectricity model.

THE STUDY ON MEASURING TECHNIQUE OF PARTIAL DISCHARGE IN GAS INSULATED SWITCHGEAR USING ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY METHOD WITH EXTERNAL SENSORS

Objective In order to find early latent faults and prevent catastrophic failures, diagnosis of insulation condition by measuring technique of partial discharge(PD) in gas insulated switchgear (GIS) is applied in this paper, which is one of the most basic ways for diagnosis of insulation condition. Methods Ultra high frequency(UHF) PD detection method by using internal sensors has been proved efficient, because it may avoid the disturbance of corona, but the sensor installation of this method will be limited by the structure and operation condition of GIS. There are some of electromagnetic (E-M) waves leak from the place of insulation spacer, therefore, the external sensors UHF measuring PD technique is applied, which isn't limited by the operation condition of GIS. Results This paper analyzes propagated electromagnetic (E-M) waves of partial discharge pulse excited by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The signal collected at the outer point is more complex than that of the inner point, and the signals' amplitude of outer is about half of the inner, because it propagates through spacer and insulation slot. Set up UHF PD measuring system. The typical PD in 252kV GIS bus bar was measured using PD detection UHF technique with external sensors. Finally, compare the results of UHF measuring technique using external sensors with the results of FDTD method simulation and the traditional IEC60270 method detection. Conclusion The results of experiment shows that the UHF technique can realize the diagnosis of insulation condition, the results of FDTD method simulation and the result UHF method detection can demonstrate each other, which gives references to further researches and application for UHF PD measuring technique.

Applying a Step Approach Method in Solving the Multi-Frequency Radiation From a Complex Obstacle

In this paper,a step approach method in the time domain is developed to calculate the radiated waves from an arbitrary obstacle pulsating with multiple frequencies.The computing scheme is based on the Boundary Integral Equation and derived in the time domain;thus,the time-harmonic Neumann boundary condition can be imposed.By the present method,the values of the initial conditions are set to zero,and the approach process is carried forward in a loop from the first time step to the last.At each time step,the radiated pressure on each element is updated.After several loops,the correct radiated pressures can be obtained.A sphere pulsating with a monopole frequency in an infinite acoustic domain is calculated first.This result is compared with the analytical solution,and both of them are in good agreement.Then,a complex-shaped radiator is taken as the studied case.The pulsating frequency of this case is multiple,and the waves propagate in half space.It is shown that the present method can treat multiple-frequency pulsation well,even when the radiator is a complex shape,and a robust convergence can be attained quickly.

Periodic response analysis of a misaligned rotor system by harmonic balance method with alternating frequency/time domain technique

A dynamic model is established for an offset-disc rotor system with a mechanical gear coupling, which takes into consideration the nonlinear restoring force of rotor support and the effect of coupling misalignment. Periodic solutions are obtained through harmonic balance method with alternating frequency/time domain(HB-AFT) technique, and then compared with the results of numerical simulation. Good agreement confirms the feasibility of HB-AFT scheme. Moreover, the Floquet theory is adopted to analyze motion stability of the system when rotor runs at different speed intervals. A simple strategy to determine the monodromy matrix is introduced and two ways towards unstability are found for periodic solutions: the period doubling bifurcation and the secondary Hopf bifurcation. The results obtained will contribute to the global response analysis and dynamic optimal design of rotor systems.

非水平海底地形下浅海全波导声场波动成分分析

为分析浅海非水平海底地形下甚低频声波激发海底地震波场波动成分,阐明海底地形变化对水中声源所激发海底地震波场的影响规律,开展了理论建模与数值仿真研究。基于时域有限元法,在柱坐标系下推导并建立了一种浅海水体/海底全波导下的声场计算模型,结合仿真算例讨论了上坡海底、下坡海底、海底山三类典型非水平海底地形对海底地震波场成分的影响规律及机理。研究结果表明,利用时域有限元方法可以准确计算浅海各类非水平海底地形下的地震波场;水中声源所激发海底地震波场包含水中声波、海底界面波、海底纵波、海底横波4个波系;与理想水平海底相比,上坡海底会加速声能量的衰减,且坡度越大,声波远距离传播时向海底泄漏的越多,声能量衰减越大。而下坡海底的波场变化则相反,海底山的存在使得部分声波发生反射及透射到海底的现象,声能量衰减程度增加。

荧光寿命成像技术及其在生物医学领域的应用

荧光寿命成像是一门在诸多领域都得到广泛应用的技术,该技术不仅具有高灵敏度、高时间分辨能力、空间分辨能力,且其测量不受激发光特性和细胞环境的影响,可定量化研究待测样品的荧光过程。由于上述优点,荧光寿命成像技术已经被广泛应用于生物医学领域。荧光寿命成像技术分为频域法和时域法,根据不同差频特征,频域法又可分为外差法和零差法,时域法主要有门控法、时间相关单光子计数法(TCSPC)和条纹相机测量法等三种实现途径。本文介绍了上述技术的基本原理,对荧光寿命成像技术在生物学研究、癌症肿瘤细胞的临床医学研究等领域的进展进行了综述,并对其未来的发展趋势进行了展望。

Control of Virtual Synchronous Generator for Frequency Regulation Using a Coordinated Self-adaptive Method

Power inverter adopting virtual synchronous generator(VSG)control can provide inertia support for distributed generation systems.However,it cannot take into account the dynamic regulation characteristics of frequency.Thus,when the system encounters a sudden change in load or disturbance,the dynamic process of frequency regulation will be greatly influenced.In view of this issue,an improved VSG control strategy based on a coordinated self-adaptive(CSA)method is proposed.The time domain analysis method is used to study the influences of virtual inertia and damping parameter perturbation on the system steady and dynamic performances.Furthermore,in order to make the control strategy suitable for large load changes and suppress frequency variations beyond the limit,the secondary frequency modulation is introduced into the control loop.Through the coordinated adaptive control of virtual inertia,virtual damping and frequency modulation,the dynamic performance of vSG frequency regulation can be obviously improved.Simulation and experiment results have verified the effectiveness of the proposed CSA control strategy.

Harmonic Balance Methods:A Review and Recent Developments

The harmonic balance(HB)method is one of the most commonly used methods for solving periodic solutions of both weakly and strongly nonlinear dynamical systems.However,it is confined to low-order approximations due to complex symbolic operations.Many variants have been developed to improve the HB method,among which the time domain HB-like methods are regarded as crucial improvements because of their fast computation and simple derivation.So far,there are two problems remaining to be addressed.i)A dozen of different versions of HB-like methods,in frequency domain or time domain or in hybrid,have been developed;unfortunately,misclassification pervades among them due to the unclear borderlines of different methods.ii)The time domain HB-like methods suffer from non-physical solutions,which have been shown to be caused by aliasing(mixture of the high-order into the low-order harmonics).Although a series of dealiasing techniques have been developed over the past two decades,the mechanism of aliasing and the final solution to dealiasing are still not well known to the academic community.This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the development of HB-like methods and enunciate their principal differences.In particular,the time domain methods are emphasized with the famous aliasing phenomenon clearly addressed.

MEASURING PRECISION OF INDUCED POLARIZATION METHOD

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Theoretical Proof of Unconditional Stability of the 3-D ADI-FDTD Method

In order to eliminate Courant-Friedrich-Levy(CFL) condition restraint and improvecomputational efficiency,a new finite-difference time-domain(FDTD)method based on the alternating-direction implicit(ADI) technique is introduced recently.In this paper,a theoretical proof of the stabilityof the three-dimensional(3-D)ADI-FDTD method is presented.It is shown that the 3-D ADI-FDTDmethod is unconditionally stable and free from the CFL condition restraint.

基于同步压缩变换的电缆缺陷定位研究

由于采集信号为入射波与多反射波的叠加,且多分量信号之间存在耦合不服从线性叠加原理,导致以采用魏格纳分布(Wigner-Ville distribution,WVD)为核函数的传统时频域反射法(time-frequency domain reflection,TFDR)存在严重的交叉项干扰,影响对缺陷的定位和判断。针对这一问题,本文提出一种基于同步压缩变换的电缆缺陷定位方法,该方法采用同步压缩变换(synchrosqueezing transform,SST)替代WVD以消除交叉项干扰,并以高分辨率定位电缆缺陷。同时分析参考信号相关参数,针对不同长度电缆测试,提出参考信号设计原则。该方法的主要步骤包括:通过采用TFDR法获取时域定位信号;然后采用SST求取压缩和重排后的时频谱图,以获取更精确的时频表达并消除交叉项干扰。最后,搭建了10kV交联聚乙烯电缆仿真模型进行研究,并选取了长度为500 m含中间接头的XLPE电力电缆和某地约32km海底电缆对算法进行实验验证。仿真及实验结果表明:SST算法对信号进行重排后能有效消交叉相的干扰,提高了时频域反射法定位精度。

自动控制系统稳定性教学中的思政元素设计

针对传统自动控制原理课程教学的不足,将某型号转子绕线机控制系统引入系统稳定性案例教学课堂。通过对案例的数学建模,分别应用时域分析法中的劳斯判据、赫尔维茨稳定判据,系统输出曲线和频域分析法中的奈奎斯特稳定判据及对数稳定判据分析控制系统的稳定性。课程将思政元素与系统稳定性知识有机融合,引申出“条条大路通罗马”的问题解决思想和引导学生认识社会系统稳定的重要意义及自身责任。

时域电磁计算的LU分解ADI-FVTD方法

本文提出一种新的时变电磁场交替方向全隐有限体积计算方法,麦克斯韦方程组和空气动力学欧拉方程同为双曲型偏微分方程组,因此计算流体力学(CFD)技术能够在计算电磁学(CEM)中得到推广求解高精度电磁场。不同于ADI-FDTD仅采用物理时间求导项,本文采用双时间方法添加定常虚拟时间导数项,使得物理时间推进步长仅由数值精度决定而不受稳定性限制,稳定性则由虚拟时间子迭代满足。本文隐式迭代采用雅可比系数矩阵分裂,得到在不同方向上的交替方向追赶法(ADI),隐式通量计算采用Steger-Warming分裂,并逐维度进行LU前后向迭代求解,如此得到全隐时变电磁场数值模拟,在保持高数值精度同时,节省计算时间并提升计算效率。

某广电发射塔风振响应分析

本文针对作用在广电发射塔的风荷载特点,采用线性滤波法(AR法)编制了风场模拟程序,合成了符合Davenport谱的风速时程曲线,可应用于高耸结构的脉动风荷载模拟。以某带平台广电发射塔为例,采用SAP2000建立有限元模型并计算结构的风振响应,对比不同计算方法下风振系数分布特点,可知对于质量刚度突变的高耸结构,采用时程分析与频域分析的风振系数吻合度非常好,说明在此类工程中可以直接采用考虑多振型计算的频域法计算风振响应。