Influence of magnesium and aluminum salts on hydrolysis of titanyl sulfate solution

The influence of magnesium and aluminum salts as impurities on the hydrolysis of titanyl sulfate was investigated.The degree of TiOSO4 conversion to hydrated titanium dioxide（HTD） and the particle size of HTD were measured as functions of the concentrations of MgSO4 and Al2（SO4）3 in the TiOSO4 solution.The Boltzmann growth model,which focuses on two main parameters,namely the concentrations of Mg2＋ and Al3＋（ρ（Mg2＋） and ρ（Al3＋）,respectively）,fits the data from the hydrolysis process well with R20.988.The samples were characterized by ICP,SEM,XRD,and laser particle size analyzer.It is found that the addition of Mg SO4 simultaneously improves the hydrolysis ratio and the hydrolysis rate,especially when F（the mass ratio of H2SO4 to TiO2） is high,hydrolysis ratio increases from 42.8% to 83.0%,whereas the addition of Al2（SO4）3 has negligible effect on the chemical kinetics of HTD precipitation during the hydrolysis process,hydrolysis ratio increases from 42.8% to 51.9%.An investigation on the particle size of HTD reveals that the addition of Mg SO4 and Al2（SO4）3 clearly increases the size of the crystallites and decreases the size of the aggregates.

SURFACE ANALYSIS OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS INFLUENCED BY SULFATE- REDUCING BACTERIA

The morphology and chemical compositions of surface and corrosion phases for two aluminum alloys(7075 and 2024 ) in the aqueous mediums containing sulfate reducing bacteria(SRB) were studied by the methods of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x ray analysis (EDXA). The results showed that serious pitting corrosion took place when aluminum alloys were exposed in the mediums containing SRB, whereas no pitting corrosion were found on the surfaces of aluminum alloys only exposed in blank mediums non containing SRB. It was demonstrated with EDXA that corrosion of aluminum alloys exposed in the solutions containing SRB, whereas the corrosion in the solution non containing microorganisms was attributed to the presence of chloride ions(Cl ).

Liver injury after aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid treatment of hemorrhoids

We are reporting a rare case of acute liver injury that developed after an internal hemorrhoid treatment with the aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid(ALTA) regimen. A 41-year-old man developed a fever and liver injury after undergoing internal hemorrhoid treatment with a submucosal injection of ALTA with lidocaine. The acute liver injury was classified clinically as hepatocellular and pathologically as cholestastic. We could not classify the mechanism of injury. High eosinophil and immunoglobulin E levels characterized the injury,and a drug lymphocyte stimulation test was negative on postoperative day 25. Fluid replacement for two weeks after hospitalization improved the liver injury. ALTA therapy involves injecting chemicals into the submucosa,from the rectum to the anus,and this is the first description of a case that developed a severe liver disorder after this treatment; hence,an analysis of future cases as they accumulate is desirable.

Aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid sclerotherapy for Goligher Grades Ⅱ and Ⅲ hemorrhoids: Results from a multicenter study

AIM: To show that aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid(ALTA) sclerotherapy has a high success rate for Grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ hemorrhoids.METHODS: This study was based on the clinical data of 604 patients with hemorrhoids who underwent ALTA sclerotherapy between January 2009 and February 2015. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of this treatment for Grades Ⅱ and Ⅲ hemorrhoids. Preoperative and postoperative symptoms, complications and success rate were all assessed retrospectively. Follow-up consisted of a simple questionnaire, physical examination and an anoscopy. Patients were followed-up at one day, one week, two weeks, one month, one year, two years, three years, four years and five years after the ALTA sclerotherapy.RESULTS: One hundred and sixty-nine patients were diagnosed with Grade Ⅱ hemorrhoids and 435 patients were diagnosed with Grade Ⅲ hemorrhoids. The one year, three year and five year cumulative success rates of ALTA sclerotherapy for Grades Ⅱ and Ⅲ hemo-rrhoids were 95.9% and 93.1%; 89.3% and 83.7%; and 89.3% and 78.2%, respectively. No significant differences were observed in the cumulative success rates after ALTA sclerotherapy between Grades Ⅱ and Ⅲ hemorrhoids(P = 0.09). There were forty-seven post-operative complications(low grade fever; anal pain; urinary retention; rectal ulcer; and others). No serious or life-threatening complications occurred and all cases improved through conservative treatment. At univariate analysis there were no predictive factors of failure.CONCLUSION: ALTA sclerotherapy has had a high success rate for Grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ hemorrhoids during five years of post-operative treatment. However, additional studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of this ALTA sclerotherapy in the management of hemorrhoidal disease.

Comparative study on simultaneous removal of calcium and sulfate ions from flotation recycling water by aluminum hydroxide

Due to the environmental policies and economic reasons,the water used in some flotation operations of complex sulfide ores is recirculated,causing the ion concentration of some species to increase over time,affecting the flotation of the minerals of interest.In this work,an experimental and thermodynamic analysis of the synthetic solutions was presented with a high content of calcium and sulfate ions.The study focused on evaluating the use of two aluminum compounds for the precipitation of Ca^(2+)and SO_(4)^(2−)in the form of ettringite.The amorphous aluminum hydroxide was found to be more efficient than the crystalline one,giving rise to 83%calcium and 91%sulfate removal.The XRD analysis of the solids showed the main reaction product of ettringite,accompanied by small amounts of calcite,due to the absorption of atmospheric carbon dioxide.The final solution after the chemical treatment showed residual calcium and sulfate concentrations below 200 mg/L.Finally,the kinetics of calcium removal appeared to correspond to a second order reaction with respect to calcium concentration,with an apparent activation energy of 53.48 kJ/mol,which may suggest that the ettringite precipitation process is governed by the chemical reaction.

The Impact of Aluminum-Containing Set Accelerators on Sulfate Resistance of Portland Cement Compositions

This study contains comparative research of sulfate resistance of ordinary Portland cement pastes with addition of basic aluminum sulfate (hydroxosulfate, Al(OH)1.78(SO4)0.61) and amorphous Al(OH)3. Over 3 months of storing in sodium sulfate solution, the most significant expansion and deterioration occur in case of samples with aluminum hydroxide. During sulfate resistance test, the ratio between aluminum nuclei in AFt (ettringite) and AFm phases was studied by 27Al-MAS NMR, and the impact of aluminum-containing admixtures on this ratio was specified. In accordance with NMR data, in samples with Al(OH)3, the rate of secondary ettringite formation becomes noticeable after one month of storing in sulfate solution. For samples with Al(OH)1.78(SO4)0.61, the rate of elongation and temper of changes in molar ratio between sulfoaluminate phases were comparable with reference samples without admixtures.

The Impact of Aluminum- and Iron-Bearing Admixtures on the Resistance of Portland Cement Mortars to Alkali-Silica Reaction and Sulfate Attack

Study of sulfate resistance of mortars with aluminum- and iron-bearing admixtures (Al(OH)3, Al2(SO4)3, FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3) in conditions close to those established in ASTM C 1012, and the study of the mitigation effect of these admixtures on alkali-silica reaction in accordance with accelerated “mortar bar” test ( GOST 8269.0, ASTM C 1260) were performed. Iron (II) and (III) sulfates show ability for mitigation alkali-silica reaction, while also, in contrast with Al-bearing substances, do not induce the drastic reducing of the initial setting time and do not promote the progress of sulfate corrosion. Compared with FeSO4, iron (III) sulfate has moderate deleterious impact on the early strength of cement paste and can be of interest alone as an inhibitor of ASR. Iron (II) sulfate may be used together with aluminum sulfate to offset the accelerating effect of the latter on the setting of cement paste and to reduce a risk of sulfate corrosion. During prolonged water storage, the mortar elongation and secondary ettringite formation do not occur, even when Al2(SO4)3 is available. Therefore, the investigated admixtures cannot act as agents of internal sulfate attack, however, Al2(SO4)3 can enhance the outer sulfate attack.

Influence of Benzenediols—Pyrocatechol and Resorcinol—On the Resistance of Portland Cement Mortars with Aluminum Sulfate to Sulfate Attack

The effect of benzene-1,2-diol (pyrocatechol) and benzene-1,3-diol (resorcinol) on the development of sulfate attack in Portland cement mortars containing alkali-free setting accelerator (aluminum sulfate) was studied. It has been found that these compounds (especially pyrocatechol—due to its ability to form chelate complexes with aluminum ions) restrain destructive deformations of Portland cement mortars with aluminum sulfate admixture when under test conditions a constant supply of sulfate ions from external source is provided. According to 27Al-MAS NMR data, pyrocatechol does not influence the amount of ettringite formed in Portland cement paste during its store in sodium sulfate solution. Presumably, in presence of benzenediols, in cement mortars with aluminum sulfate admixture the formation of ettringite crystals with a less pronounced destructive effect takes place.

Treatment of Oily Wastewater Using Composite Flocculant of Polysilicate Ferro-Aluminum Sulfate – Rectorite

In this study, a novel flocculant was prepared by an inorganic polymetric flocculant (IPF) - polysilicate ferro- aluminum sulfate (PSFA) and rectorite (REC). The structure of the PSFA-REC composite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD), in order to determine the optimal temperature. The flocculation test was made at 25℃, 45℃ and 65℃, the results indicated that when the temperature was 65℃, the removal efficiency of the oil and COD was the best, which was 87.2% and 92.6% respectively. Then by comparisons among rectorite (REC), PSFA and the composite PSFA-REC at the temperature of 65℃ and the optimal dosage of 11 mg/L, the composite PSFA-REC showed better flocculation performance than flocculant REC and PSFA alone.

Effect of competing solutes on arsenic(Ⅴ) adsorption using iron and aluminum oxides

The study focused on the effect of several typical competing solutes on removal of arsenic with Fe2O3 and Al2O3. The test results indicate that chloride, nitrate and sulfate did not have detectable effects, and that selenium（Ⅳ） （Se（Ⅳ）） and vanadium（Ⅴ） （V（Ⅴ）） showed slight effects on the adsorption of As（Ⅴ） with Fe2O3. The results also showed that adsorption of As（Ⅴ） on A12O3 was not affected by chloride and nitrate anions, but slightly by Se（Ⅳ） and V（Ⅴ） ions. Unlike the adsorption of As（Ⅴ） with Fe2O3, that with Fe2O3 was affected by the presence of sulfate in water solutions. Both phosphate and silica have significant adverse effects on the adsorption of As（Ⅴ） adsorption with Fe2O3 and Al2O3. Compared to the other tested anions, phosphate anion was found to be the most prominent solute affecting the As（Ⅴ） adsorption with Fe2O3 and Al2O3. In general, Fe2O3 has a better performance than Al2O3 in removal of As（Ⅴ） within a water environment where multi competing solutes are present.

Comparison of Three Aluminum Coagulants for Phosphorus Removal

That phosphorus has been removed more from water in purification process can result in higher grade of biological stability of the effluent tap water, especially for the water plant when using surface water source. This study conducted the experiments of phosphorus removal by three coagulants including aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate and poly aluminum chloride. The results indicated that the poly aluminum chloride is the preferred one that could remove phosphorus up to 80%, followed by aluminum chloride and aluminum sulfate. The lowest proportion of aluminum quality to phosphorus quality is 63 as using poly aluminum chloride, followed by aluminum chloride and aluminum sulfate. It is suggested that the poly aluminum chloride should be the best option to remove phosphorus in water plant.

Aluminum and Glyphosate Can Synergistically Induce Pineal Gland Pathology: Connection to Gut Dysbiosis and Neurological Disease

Many neurological diseases, including autism, depression, dementia, anxiety disorder and Parkinson’s disease, are associated with abnormal sleep patterns, which are directly linked to pineal gland dysfunction. The pineal gland is highly susceptible to environmental toxicants. Two pervasive substances in modern industrialized nations are aluminum and glyphosate, the active ingredient in the herbicide, Roundup?. In this paper, we show how these two toxicants work synergistically to induce neurological damage. Glyphosate disrupts gut bacteria, leading to an overgrowth of Clostridium difficile. Its toxic product, p-cresol, is linked to autism in both human and mouse models. p-Cresol enhances uptake of aluminum via transferrin. Anemia, a result of both aluminum disruption of heme and impaired heme synthesis by glyphosate, leads to hypoxia, which induces increased pineal gland transferrin synthesis. Premature birth is associated with hypoxic stress and with substantial increased risk to the subsequent development of autism, linking hypoxia to autism. Glyphosate chelates aluminum, allowing ingested aluminum to bypass the gut barrier. This leads to anemia-induced hypoxia, promoting neurotoxicity and damaging the pineal gland. Both glyphosate and aluminum disrupt cytochrome P450 enzymes, which are involved in melatonin metabolism. Furthermore, melatonin is derived from tryptophan, whose synthesis in plants and microbes is blocked by glyphosate. We also demonstrate a plausible role for vitamin D3 dysbiosis in impaired gut function and impaired serotonin synthesis. This paper proposes that impaired sulfate supply to the brain mediates the damage induced by the synergistic action of aluminum and glyphosate on the pineal gland and related midbrain nuclei.

Effect of Al in Slag Blended Cement Paste under Sulfate Attack

Unilateral sulfate attack of cementitious materials containing 40% slag with different water to binder ratios was investigated. The results showed that the degradation of slag blended cement pastes was nearly from the corners of paste surface with cracking and spallings, water-to-binder（w/b） ratio made a significant sense to the damage that low w/b ratio led to little weight loss, less cracking and spalling damage and vice versa. Microstructural experimental results demonstrated that in the three different stages of sulfate attack, degradation of pastes was primarily associated with the migration behavior and bonding configuration of aluminum, in the early ages Al was mostly present in C-（A）-S-H, and thus, the damage of pastes hardly appeared while at later ones Al had been largely transferred from C-（A）-S-H into AFt, leading to expansive damage.

Comparison of Two Water Treatment Processes with Activated Aluminum Oxide

We focused on the need for the phosphorus removal in water plant process. As for surface water plant, the enhancement of phosphorus removal in purification process can raise the biological stability of effluent potable water. This study conducted the effect of two water treatment processes for phosphorus removal, including the PAC + AAL (the treatment process using poly aluminum chloride and activated aluminum oxide) and PFS + AAL (the treatment process using poly ferric sulfate and activated aluminum oxide). The aim is to use the adsorption capacity of activated aluminum oxide to increase the removal of phosphorus in filtration process. The result showed that the two processes both can remove the phosphorus concentration to reach below 10 μg/L, and the PAC + AAL is the better process.

硫酸铝型无氟无碱液体速凝剂的制备

以硫酸铝和二乙醇胺为主要原料,将乙二醇、三乙醇胺作为辅料进行性能调节,通过优化各组分的用量,制备了一种新型无氟无碱液体速凝剂。使用基准水泥,对速凝剂的凝结时间和1d抗压强度进行了测定。结果显示,速凝剂掺量为7%时,4’12’’时达到初凝,9’23’’时达到终凝;1d的抗折强度和抗压强度分别为3.22MPa和12.39MPa。同时,该液体速凝剂对几种工程水泥也表现出了良好的适应性。

信号分子硫化氢参与硫肥缓解铝对水稻生长抑制作用的机制

【目的】探究基于施硫肥提高水稻体内硫化氢(H_(2)S)生成缓解水稻在酸性土壤中铝(Al)毒害的栽培方式及其内在机制。【方法】以Al敏感品种Kasalath为试验材料,设置CK,CK+S(硫肥),CK+NaHS(H_(2)S供体),Al,Al+S,Al+NaHS六个盆栽处理,通过测定不同时期水稻体内H_(2)S含量、Al含量、抗氧化系统酶活性,分蘖期根系和光合作用相关指标,明确外源施加硫肥通过调控水稻体内H_(2)S生成缓解Al毒的机制。【结果】与Al处理相比,Al+S处理显著提高水稻体内H_(2)S含量,叶片中的H_(2)S含量在分蘖期和齐穗期分别增加了19.27%和34.99%;根部H_(2)S含量在分蘖期、齐穗期和成熟期分别增加了39.72%、21.08%和30.73%。相比Al处理,Al+S处理显著促进了分蘖期水稻根系的生长,提高了水稻的光合作用能力,同时降低了不同时期水稻根茎叶中的Al含量,在分蘖期分别下降了40.98%、28.47%和24.18%;齐穗期下降了14.58%、50.30%和13.17%;成熟期下降了14.44%、29.78%和8.70%。进一步研究发现,Al+S处理显著增强了水稻体内抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT、APX、POD)的活性,降低了水稻体内过氧化氢(H_(2)O2)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧阴离子(O_(2)^(-)·)含量,增加了与细胞质Al在液泡中进行分室相关的基因OsALS1以及与修复被Al破坏的细胞壁相关基因OsSTAR1和OsSTAR2的相对表达量。同时,外源施加硫肥还通过调控土壤pH值降低水稻根际土中交换态Al、无机吸附态Al和水溶态Al的含量,增加Al的水合物和氢氧化物的含量。Al+NaHS处理具有同样的效果。【结论】外源增施硫肥能够通过提高水稻体内的H_(2)S含量缓解Al对水稻根系生长和光合作用的抑制,提高抗氧化系统酶活性降低Al对水稻的过氧化损伤,同时促进液泡对水稻细胞质Al的区室化作用,降低细胞壁对Al的吸附或改变土壤中Al的形态,最终降低水稻根系内的Al含量来缓解Al对水稻生长的抑制作用。

Effects of aluminum potassium sulfate on learning,memory,and cholinergic system in mice

目的：研究硫酸铝钾中的铝对正常及ＡＦ６４Ａ小鼠学习、记忆的影响．方法：被动回避反射仪测避暗潜伏期（ＳＴＬ）；原子吸收分光光度法测血、脑铝；化学发光法测脑乙酰胆碱（ＡＣｈ）；放射化学法测脑胆碱乙酰基转移酶（ＣｈＡＴ）．结果：１ｇ·ｋｇ－１组３０日时，血脑铝升高；６０日伴ＳＴＬ、ＡＣｈ、ＣｈＡＴ分别下降４６４％，８５％，２２６％；９０日ＳＴＬ、ＡＣｈ、ＣｈＡＴ分别下降５００％，１１１％和２７８％．０２５ｇ·ｋｇ－１只有血铝升高．１ｇ·ｋｇ－１使ＡＦ６４Ａ模型小鼠血、脑铝升高，其他无改变．结论：硫酸铝钾１ｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１６０日使小鼠学习。

铝相对单矿浆体中碳硫硅钙石形成的影响

为探究不同铝相对碳硫硅钙石形成的影响,本研究采用单矿C 3S制备浆体,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、固体核磁共振仪(NMR)等测试方法,研究了NaAlO_(2)和C 3A对单矿浆体在硫铝比为9的硫酸钠溶液侵蚀作用下碳硫硅钙石形成的影响。结果表明:即使侵蚀9个月,NaAlO_(2)中可溶性的铝也不会导致碳硫硅钙石生成,原因可能是水化产物中大量四配位铝相结构的Al(OH)_(3)会抑制碳硫硅钙石的形成。C_(3)A的加入会促进碳硫硅钙石的生成,但是其生成时间迟于钙钒石,且侵蚀产物以碳硫硅钙石-钙矾石固溶体的形式存在。此研究对于碳硫硅钙石形成的研究及预防提供了一定的理论依据。

秸秆深埋配施硫酸铝对西辽河平原地区苏打盐碱土水盐运移的影响

为探索秸秆深埋和硫酸铝改良剂配施交互作用对苏打盐碱地水盐运移的影响,在通辽市科尔沁左翼中旗开展覆膜滴灌下不同硫酸铝用量与秸秆深埋的田间试验,以甜菜为指示作物,常规处理为对照(CK),在有无秸秆深埋(A、B)的条件下分别设置4水平硫酸铝添加量(30、60、90、120 g/m^(2)),揭示硫酸铝用量、秸秆深埋与土壤含水率、盐分的相关关系,提出覆膜滴灌及秸秆深埋下适宜的硫酸铝用量。结果显示,未添加秸秆处理中B3处理0~50 cm土体平均含水率最高(23.8%),比CK高8.2%,且平均含盐量最低(1.69 g/kg),比CK低12.6%;添加秸秆处理中A3处理0~50 cm土体平均含水率最高(26.6%),比B3处理高2.8%,平均含盐量也最低(1.57 g/kg),比B3处理低19%,且平均积盐率最低,比B3处理降低7.6%;A3处理在10~20和20~30 cm处土壤含水率均显著高于B3处理(P<0.05),在0~10和20~30 cm处土壤含盐量较B3处理显著降低(P<0.05);A3处理0~30 cm各土层均有脱盐趋势,达到显著水平(P<0.05),平均脱盐率11.5%;硫酸铝和秸秆深埋交互作用与土壤含水率呈极显著正相关(0.808),与土壤含盐量呈显著负相关(-0.564)。秸秆深埋和硫酸铝改良剂综合作用可有效降低土壤pH值0.53~0.94,缓解土壤碱化度20.5%~21.9%。覆膜滴灌及秸秆深埋下硫酸铝用量在72~104 g/m^(2)为适宜当地的推荐用量。研究结果可为西辽河平原地区盐碱土壤改良提供理论依据。