Preparation of heat-resistant aluminum alloy pipe blanks by multi-layer spray deposition

A heat resistant aluminum alloy pipe blank with dimensions of d 700/300 mm×1 200 mm was prepared by the multi layer spray deposition technology. Optical microscopy, X ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy were used to analyze its morphologies and microstructures. The results show that the microstructures of the pipe blank are homogeneous and the precipitates are uniformly distributed d 25～70 nm spherical or sphere like Al 12 (Fe,V) 3Si particles, its mechanical properties at room temperature and 350 ℃ after densification by extrusion are σ b=412 MPa, δ =7.6% and σ b=187 MPa, δ =7.6%, respectively. The analyses indicate that the proper match of the motion rates of atomizer and substrate can produce deposited blanks with uniform thickness and relatively high cooling rate.

EIS Study on Pitting Corrosion of AA5083-H321 Aluminum-Magnesium Alloy in Stagnant 3.5% NaCl Solution

In this research, EIS （electrochemical impedance spectroscopy） technique was utilized to study the pitting corrosion behaviour of AA5083-H321 aluminum-magnesium alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution. Impedance spectra were obtained during 240 h of exposure of the sample to the test solution. The surface and cross-section of the samples were studied by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and EDAX （energy dispersive analysis of X-ray） analysis. The results indicated that as the resistance of the passive layer on intermetallic particles is very small, this parameter on the sample surface layers is controlled by that of pure passive layer. However, the capacitors in the proposed equivalent circuit are replaced with the constant phase elements （CPE）, due to non-uniformity and occurrence of pitting corrosion on the surface. The outward diffusion of Al^＋3 ions through the passive layer and the thickening of this layer cause the impedance decrease in the first 24 h and increase afterwards. The detachment of intermetallic particles from some of pits and the accumulation of the corrosion products inside some others are factors that prevents the continuation of cathodic reactions on the top of the intermetallic particles.

Role of Chloride Ion and Dissolved Oxygen in Electrochemical Corrosion of AA5083-H321 Aluminum-Magnesium Alloy in NaCl Solutions under Flow Conditions

Flow-induced corrosion consists electrochemical and mechanical components. The present paper has to assessed the role of chloride ion and dissolved oxygen in the electrochemical component of flow induced corrosion for AA5083-H321 aluminum-magnesium alloy which is extensively used in the construction of high-speed boats, submarines, hovercrafts, and desalination systems, in NaCI solutions. Electrochemical tests were carried out at flow velocities of 0, ：2, 5, 7 and 10 m/s, in aerated and deaerated NaCI solutions with different sodium chloride concentrations. The results showed that the high rate of oxygen reduction under hydrodynamic conditions causes an increase in the density of pits on the surface. The increase of chloride ions concentration under flow conditions accelerates the rate of anodic reactions, but have no influence on the cathodic reactions. Thus, in the current work, it was found that under flow conditions, due to the elimination of corrosion products inside the pits, corrosion resistance of the alloy is increased.

Formation of Aluminum-magnesium Alloy Cup by Hydrodynamic Deep Drawing with Twin-loading Paths

In order to overcome the limitation of hydro-rim deep drawing, a new process of hydrodynamic deep drawing （HDD） with independent radial hydraulic pressure was proposed. By employing the dynamic explicit analytical software ETA/DynaformS.5 which is based on LS-DYNA3D, the effects of independent radia! hydraulic pressure on the stress, strain and the sheet-thickness of aluminum-magnesium cylindrical cup with a hemispherical bottom were analyzed by numerical simulation. The feature of stress distribution is that there exists a stress-dividing circle in the flange, and the radius of dividing circle was determined by theoretical analysis and stimulation. The experimental results indicate that the reasonable match of independent radial hydraulic pressure and liquid chamber pressure can effectively reduce the thinning at the bottom of hemisphere, decrease the radial stress-strain, and improve the drawing limit of aiuminum-magnesium alloy cylindrical cup.

Influence of process parameters on microstructure of semisolid A356 alloy slug cast through vertical pipe

Suitable microstructures required for semisolid casting were formed by using a vertical pipe.Different lengths of vertical pipe,slug dimensions and pouring time were used to investigate their influence on the microstructure of A356 alloy.The results indicate that at the same length of the vertical pipe,the morphology of the primary α(Al)gradually deteriorates by the enlargement in the slug size,but the deteriorating speed slows down with increasing pipe length.They also reveal that the increase in the pipe length improves the microstructure,whereas no further improvement appears when the pipe length reaches a certain value.The optimum length of the pipe obtained in the present work is 430 mm.The microstructure of larger slug poured at higher pouring temperature gets worse and it can be improved by moderately elongating pouring time.The relative mechanisms were also discussed.

Research of Pipe Made of Cu -Zn -Si Shape Memory Alloy to Internally Sprayed Pipe Connection in Connected Technology

The copper-based shape memory alloy pipe joint was applied in the field of oil pipelines jointing as well as installing. It has many advantages than anything. In the paper, the basic principle and connection influence factors of copper-based shape memory alloy pipe joint were described. Experimental results shows the copper-based shape memory alloy pipe joints can be used in oilfield oil pipeline connection and it can solve the inner pipe joint corrosion damage problem by welding.

DRX rules during extrusion process of large-scale thick-walled Inconel 625 pipe by FE method

A thermal-mechanical and micro-macro coupled finite element（FE） model for the hot extrusion process of large-scale thick-walled Inconel 625 pipe was developed based on the DEFORM-2D platform.Then,the influence rules of the key extrusion parameters on the average grain size and grain uniformity of the extruded pipe were revealed.The results show that with the increase of initial billet temperature,extrusion speed and friction coefficient,the grain uniformity is firstly improved and then deteriorated.Larger extrusion ratio leads to more uniform grain distribution.With the increase of initial billet temperature,the average grain size of the pipe first decreases and then increases.Additionally,larger extrusion ratio can bring smaller average grain size.The extrusion speed and friction coefficient have slight effects on the average grain size of the extruded pipe.

Effect of alloying elements and processing parameters on the Portevin–Le Chatelier effect of Al–Mg alloys

The effects of alloying elements and processing parameters on the mechanical properties and Portevin-Le Chatelier effect of A1-Mg alloys developed for inner auto body sheets were investigated in detail. Tensile testing was performed in various Zn and Mg contents under different annealing and cold-rolling conditions. In the results, the stress drop and reloading time of serrations increase with increasing plastic strain and exhibit a common linear relationship. The increase rates of stress drop and reloading time increase with increasing Mg or Zn content. The alloys with a greater intensity of serrated yielding generally exhibit a greater elongation. The stress drop and reloading time of serrations decrease with increasing grain size in the case of the annealed samples. The cold-rolled sample exhibits the most severe serra- tion because it initially contains a large number of grain boundaries and dislocations.

SURFACE COMPOSITE GEAR AND PIPE MADE BY SEPARATED EUTECTIC TECHNOLOGY

It is found that the anomalous eutectics can be separated on macroscopic scale by flow caused by electromagnetic stirring, and the separated phase is the leading faceted phase with the solution entropy over 23 J/(mol&middotK). By using this technology, a new kind of composite pipe and gear with good abrasive properties were made without adding any reinforced particles. Emphases were paid on the researches about formation mechanism of separated eutectic and abrasive property of the composite pipe or gear. The result shows that the entropy of solution controlling the eutectic microstructure is also valid and useful as a criterion of separated eutectic, and the kind and its chemical scope of the off-eutectic used to make composite can be calculated according to this theory.

HYDROFORMING OF BIMETALLIC LINED PIPE

A new hydroforming process for manufacturing corrosion-resistant-alloy(CRA)-lined pipe is proposed to overcome the disadvantages in existing technologies, and a new kindof hydraulic expansion device for bimetallic CRA-lined pipe has been researched and developed. Itsoperational principal and technical characteristic is also introduced. The stress and strain in theliner and outer pipe during the hydroforming process have been analyzed and the mechanism ofhydraulic expansion method is studied theoretically. The final forming pressure formula is suggestedand the theoretical analysis is verified by experimental investigation. The results indicate thatthe new technology is feasible and can be applied in industrial production.

Hydrogen emission at grain boundaries in tensile-deformed Al-9%Mg alloy by hydrogen microprint technique

In recently years, environmental problems, such as global warming and exhaustion of fossil fuels, have grown into serious problems. In the automakers, the development of the fuel cell vehicles using hydrogen as clean energy has been paid attention to. Aluminum alloys have already been applied to a liner material of a high-pressure hydrogen tank for fuel cell vehicles. However, the behavior of hydrogen in aluminum alloys has not been clearly elucidated yet. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the hydrogen behavior in aluminum alloys. Hydrogen microprint technique （HMPT） has been known as an effective measure to investigate the hydrogen behavior. In the present study, the emission behavior of internal hydrogen on a tensile-deformed Al-9%Mg alloy was investigated bv HMPT at room temoerature. As a result, the hydrogen was emitted at some grain boundaries.

High Density Plasma Nitriding of Al-Cu Alloys for Automotive Parts

Duralumin alloys have been utilized as structural components and parts for aircrafts, train-cars and so forth. Their high specific strength was attractive to those applications; however, their little corrosion resistance and low wear endurance became a fatal demerit in practical applications. In order to overcome these issues of high strength aluminum alloys, high density plasma nitriding is proposed as an effective surface treatment for duralumin. This process has a capability to control the RF- and DC-plasmas independently for nitriding. This enables us to temporally control and describe the plasma state by in-situ plasma diagnosis. This plasma diagnosis was instrumented to search for optimum processing condition to plasma nitriding the duralumin alloys of type A2011. Both type A2011 aluminum alloy plates and pipes were employed to describe the inner nitriding behavior for hardening the duralumin alloys by the present plasma nitriding.

航空液压管路轴向挤压式接头组件连接强度的数值分析

针对目前航空液压管接头无法满足高工作压力要求的问题,以Φ12 mm的钛合金轴向挤压式接头为研究对象,利用Abaqus平台建立了轴向挤压连接成形与拉脱试验过程的有限元模型,通过同参数条件下的拉脱试验验证了有限元模型的准确性。结果表明,有限元模型计算误差仅为3.4%,接头组件连接强度是由导管与管套凹槽的轴向对抗阻力和导管与管套径向接触力共同决定的。系统研究了管套材料力学性能、凹槽结构、摩擦因数对接头组件连接强度的影响规律,管套材料屈服强度越高,连接强度越强;管套凹槽宽度每增长0.2 mm,连接强度提高约2.4%;摩擦因数每增加0.01,接头连接强度平均提升18%左右。

暖通空调给排水管道的表面改性与性能研究

为提升暖通空调铜合金排水管的表面性能,采用化学镀的方法在铜合金排水管表面制备了Ni-P/TiN镀层,研究镀液中TiN质量浓度对化学镀层物相组成、表面及截面形貌、硬度和耐磨性能的影响。结果表明,无镀层的铜合金基体主要物相为CuZn和CuZn5,表面镀层主要由非晶Ni组成;在基础镀液中适当添加TiN会形成镀层质量较好的含有胞状颗粒的镀层,而过量的TiN添加会使得镀层质量恶化。相较铜合金基体,表面镀层的硬度明显更高,且表面镀层硬度会随着镀液中TiN质量浓度的增加而增大;当TiN质量浓度为10 g/L时,表面镀层的硬度和磨损率分别为633 HV0.1和0.93×10^(-8)g/(r·N),具有相对较好的耐磨性,此时的磨损机制主要为氧化磨损。

钛合金在油气开采中的应用及研究现状

我国目前现有的油井管用钛合金都是在其他行业所用钛合金的基础上进行改进设计的,普遍存在抗腐蚀性能较差、成本较高等缺点,并且钛合金在我国油气开采领域还未得到大规模的生产与应用。总结了钛合金油井管在油气开采领域的应用以及油井管用钛合金抗腐蚀能力的研究成果,并且梳理了我国目前油井管用钛合金材料抗腐蚀性能的不足,为后续的研究提供参考。

石油钻杆的发展趋势分析

随着钻井工况的复杂化、钻井深度加深以及其他特殊钻井的需求,钻杆定制化生产的要求越来越多,如抗硫钻杆、超高强度钢级钻杆、特殊螺纹钻杆等高端石油钻杆。目前,国内石油钻杆生产厂家都以生产API标准的石油钻杆为主,同质化竞争严重,针对深井、深海井、高腐蚀性井等领域发展所需的抗硫钻杆、超高强度钢级钻杆、特殊螺纹钻杆等高端石油钻杆产品目前涉足厂家较少,在特殊用途钻杆市场内还未形成竞争力。石油钻杆未来发展趋势一定是以满足特殊用途的定制化钻杆为前提的高端石油钻杆。本文立足于国内市场现状,放眼石油钻杆发展趋势,为今后我国钻杆的发展方向提出建议。

极地钻探用铝合金双壁钻杆结构强度的有限元分析及试验研究

为了实现钻穿冰盖、直接获取冰下基岩样品的科研目标,本文设计了一种极地钻探用铝合金双壁钻杆,使钻杆可以满足极地上覆积雪层、冰层、冰岩夹层和冰下基岩等不同地层的空气反循环、水力反循环、绳索取心钻进相配合等钻进需求。依据铝合金双壁钻杆在极限拉伸、极限拉扭组合工况下的受力情况,开展了双壁钻杆的有限元分析,并对双壁钻杆外管与钢接头连接试样进行了拉伸试验与扭转试验。双壁钻杆有限元分析结果表明:在极限拉伸和极限拉扭组合工况下铝合金双壁钻杆中产生的最大应力分别为183.8 MPa与161.9 MPa,均小于铝合金材料的屈服强度489.99 MPa。双壁钻杆外管与钢接头连接试样强度试验结果也表明:拉伸试样破坏时的极限可承载拉力为399.5 kN,远大于提升1000 m双壁钻杆所需的拉力(208.11 kN);扭转试样破坏时的极限可承载扭矩为8264.7N·m,同样大于钻杆在正常钻进过程当中所承受的最大扭矩(1990.56 N·m)。上述结果表明,极地钻探用铝合金双壁钻杆设计方案可以满足极地钻探使用要求。

正交车铣大直径钛合金无缝管径向切削力的研究

大直径钛合金无缝管属于大型薄壁件,目前主要采用车削进行外圆加工,较大的径向切削力容易引起工件变形。正交车铣加工外圆表面时径向切削力相对较小,是一种能更好加工这类零件的新方法。通过三因素三水平正交仿真试验,研究采用偏心正交车铣加工大直径钛合金无缝管外圆时,切削参数对径向切削力的影响,建立了径向切削力的经验公式。结果表明,切削参数对径向切削力影响的大小顺序为a_(p)>f_(z)>v_(c),可通过适当增加每齿进给量提高切削加工的效率。

FeCrAl合金管材温轧组织演变及力学性能

对FeCrAl挤压管坯进行两道次温轧及退火热处理,分析了温轧及退火过程的组织演变及力学性能。结果表明:在本研究成分的FeCrAl合金管材温轧过程中,富含Nb、Ta、Mo元素的大尺寸不规则第二相颗粒破裂断开形成微裂纹、孔洞等缺陷;温轧过程变形不均匀,近外表变形程度高于近内表,由外至内硬化程度降低;经过退火后显微组织不均匀,由再结晶组织和变形组织组成,近外表再结晶程度高于近内表;一道次温轧管材850℃/1 h退火后完成大部分再结晶,抗拉强度为679 MPa,屈服强度为469 MPa,伸长率为27.75%,二道次温轧管材800℃/1 h退火后,由于退火温度不够,仅完成回复和局部再结晶,伸长率降低,抗拉强度为725 MPa,屈服强度为571 MPa,伸长率为19.50%。

热管堆铀钼合金燃料高温辐照肿胀研究

热管冷却反应堆(简称热管堆)选用铀钼合金作为堆芯燃料,这种燃料具有显著的热膨胀和辐照肿胀,因此燃料设计需要关注材料高温下的肿胀。基于部分高温下铀钼合金的辐照数据,考虑温度对铀钼合金辐照肿胀影响,使用COMSOL Multiphysics(简称COMSOL)对1 kWe Kilopower热管堆方案构建了三维分析模型,完成了热力耦合分析。计算结果表明:使用COMSOL可以有效模拟燃料热膨胀和辐照肿胀行为;与仅考虑热膨胀计算结果对比,寿期末燃料变形和应力均有所增加;燃耗深度达到0.4%时,燃料最大应力为85.1 MPa。在进行更大功率、更深燃耗热管堆方案设计时,需要考虑燃料的辐照肿胀。