Age-related alveolar bone maladaptation in adult orthodontics:finding new ways out

Compared with teenage patients,adult patients generally show a slower rate of tooth movement and more pronounced alveolar bone loss during orthodontic treatment,indicating the maladaptation of alveolar bone homeostasis under orthodontic force.However,this phenomenon is not well-elucidated to date,leading to increased treatment difficulties and unsatisfactory treatment outcomes in adult orthodontics.Aiming to provide a comprehensive knowledge and further inspire insightful understanding towards this issue,this review summarizes the current evidence and underlying mechanisms.The age-related abatements in mechanosensing and mechanotransduction in adult cells and periodontal tissue may contribute to retarded and unbalanced bone metabolism,thus hindering alveolar bone reconstruction during orthodontic treatment.To this end,periodontal surgery,physical and chemical cues are being developed to reactivate or rejuvenate the aging periodontium and restore the dynamic equilibrium of orthodontic-mediated alveolar bone metabolism.We anticipate that this review will present a general overview of the role that aging plays in orthodontic alveolar bone metabolism and shed new light on the prospective ways out of the impasse.

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis induced by X-linked agammaglobulinemia:A case report

BACKGROUND Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis(PAP)and X-linked agammaglobulinemia(XLA)are rare diseases in children.Many theories infer that immunodeficiency can induce PAP,but these reports are almost all review articles,and there is little clinical evidence.We report the case of a child with both PAP and XLA.CASE SUMMARY A 4-month-old boy sought medical treatment due to coughing and difficulty in breathing for>2 wk.He had been hospitalized multiple times due to respiratory infections and diarrhea.Chest computed tomography and alveolar lavage fluid showed typical PAP-related manifestations.Genetic testing confirmed that the boy also had XLA.Following total lung alveolar lavage and intravenous immunoglobulin replacement therapy,the boy recovered and was discharged.During the follow-up period,the number of respiratory infections was significantly reduced,and PAP did not recur.CONCLUSION XLA can induce PAP and improving immune function contributes to the prognosis of children with this type of PAP.

Clinical approach for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in children

In this editorial,we discuss the clinical implications of the article by Zhang et al.Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis(PAP)is a rare lung disease characterized by excessive surfactant accumulation in the alveoli.It is classified into four categories:Primary,secondary,congenital,and unclassified forms.Primary PAP is caused by the disruption of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF)receptor signaling,which is necessary for the clearance of surfactant by alveolar macrophages.It is further divided into autoimmune PAP,caused by anti-GM-CSF antibodies blocking alveolar macrophage activation,and hereditary PAP,resulting from mutations in genes encoding GM-CSF receptors.Secondary PAP develops due to conditions affecting the number or function of alveolar macrophages,such as infections,immunodeficiency,hematological disorders,or exposure to inhaled toxins.Congenital PAP is linked to mutations in genes involved in surfactant protein production.Notably,the causes of PAP differ between children and adults.Diagnostic features include a characteristic"crazypaving"pattern on high-resolution computed tomography,accompanied by diffuse ground-glass opacities and interlobular septal thickening.The presence of PAP can be identified by the milky appearance of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and histological evaluation.However,these methods cannot definitively determine the cause of PAP.Whole lung lavage remains the standard treatment,often combined with specific therapies based on the underlying cause.

PAI-1 Derived from Alveolar Type 2 Cells Drives Aging-Associated Pulmonary Fibrosis

Pulmonary fibrosis(PF)is a lethal lung disease that predominantly affects older adults;however,whether and how aging triggers fibrosis remains unclear.To pinpoint the predominant initiating factors of PF,we first analyzed single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)data from the lung tissues of 45 normal donors and 51 PF patients and found that aging might serve as the primary catalyst for PF development.To further investigate the influence of aging on PF formation,we conducted a comprehensive and thorough study employing a natural aging mouse model.We found that dynamic alterations in the quantity and types of collagen fibers during aging-induced PF progression,especially in collagenous(Col)I,emerged as the predominant driver of PF.We then investigated the regulation of Col I synthesis during aging using primary alveolar type 2(AT2)cells and A549 cells line through conditioned media and Transwell cocul-ture,and found that secretions—particularly plasminogen activator inhibitor(PAI)-1—from aged AT2 cells promoted fibrosis and enhanced collagen type I alpha 1(Col1al)production via the transforming growth factor(TGF)-b/small mother against decapentaplegic(Smad)2/3 pathway.Furthermore,scRNA-seq and a histological analysis of human lung tissue demonstrated a significant upregulation of SERPINE1(the gene encoding PAI-1)and PAI-1 expression in both aging lung tissue and AT2 cells,which was consistent with our findings from animal experiments,providing additional evidence for the pivotal role of PAI-1 during aging and the development of PF.Our research demonstrates that PAI-1,a crucial factor secreted by aging AT2 cells,exerts a pivotal role in promoting the synthesis of Col1a1 in fibroblasts,subsequently leading to Col I deposition,and in driving the progression of PF by mediating the TGF-b/Smad2/3 pathway.Our find-ings offer critical evidence for the involvement of epithelial dysfunction in age-related PF and provides potential novel therapeutic targets for clinical intervention.

Fifty-five cases of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis combined with lymph node metastasis:A retrospective study

BACKGROUND Lymph node metastasis is a specific type of metastasis in hepatic alveolar echinococcosis(AE).Currently,there is a scarcity of describing the clinical characteristics and lymph node metastasis rules of patients with hepatic AE combined with lymph node metastasis and its mechanism and management are still controversial.Radical hepatectomy combined with regional lymph node dissection is a better treatment.AIM To analyse the clinical features of hepatic AE combined with lymph node metastasis to explore its treatment and efficacy.METHODS A total of 623 patients with hepatic AE admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from 1 January 2012 to 1 January 2022 were retrospectively analysed.Fifty-five patients with combined lymph node metastasis were analysed for their clinical data,diagnosis and treatment methods,follow-up efficacy,and characteristics of lymph node metastasis.Finally,we comparatively analysed the lymph node metastasis rates at different sites.Categorical variables are expressed as frequencies and percentages,and the analysis of difference was performed using theχ2 test.The Bonferroni method was used for pairwise comparisons when statistical differences existed between multiple categorical variables.RESULTS A lymph node metastasis rate of 8.8%(55/623)was reported in patients with hepatic AE,with a female predilection(69.1%)and a statistically significant sex difference(χ2=8.018,P=0.005).Of the 55 patients with lymph node metastasis,72.7%had a parasite lesion,neighbouring organ invasion,and metastasis stage of P3N1M0 and above,of which 67.3%,78.2%,and 34.5%of hepatic AE lesions invaded the bile ducts,blood vessels,and distant metastases,respectively.Detection rates of lymph node metastasis of 16.4%,21.7%,and 34.2%were reported for a preoperative abdominal ultrasound,magnetic resonance imaging,and computed tomography examinations.All patients were intraoperatively suspected with enlarged lymph nodes and underwent radical hepatectomy combined with regional lymph node dissection.After surgery,a routine pathological examination was conducted on the resected lymph nodes.A total of 106 positive lymph nodes were detected in six groups at various sites,including 51 single-group metastasis cases and four multi-group metastasis cases.When the metastasis rates at different sites were statistically analysed,we observed that the metastasis rate in the para-hepatoduodenal ligament lymph nodes was significantly higher than that of the other sites(χ^(2)=128.089,P=0.000<0.05).No statistical difference was observed in the metastasis rate between the five other groups.Clavien-Dindo grade IIIa complication occurred in 14 cases,which improved after administering symptomatic treatment.Additionally,lymph node dissection-related complications were not observed.Recurrence after 2 years was observed in one patient.CONCLUSION Lymph node metastasis is a rare form of metastasis in hepatic AE,which is more frequent in women.Parahepatoduodenal ligament lymph nodes are commonly observed.Radical hepatectomy combined with regional lymph node dissection is a safe,effective,and feasible treatment for liver AE combined with lymph node metastasis.

Current status of drug therapy for alveolar echinococcosis

Alveolar echinococcosis(AE)is a chronic zoonotic parasitic disease caused by infection with Echinococcus multilocularis.AE is associated with a high mortality rate and poses a significant threat to human health.The primary treatment for AE is surgical resection of the lesions;however,owing to its long incubation period and insidious disease progression,many patients are diagnosed only after the onset of complications such as liver cirrhosis,jaundice,and portal hypertension,which preclude curative surgical intervention.For patients who are unwilling or unable to undergo surgery,lifelong administration of anti-AE medications is necessary.Benzimidazole compounds,such as albendazole and mebendazole,are the current mainstays of treatment,offering good efficacy.Nevertheless,these medications primarily inhibit parasite proliferation rather than eradicate the infection,and their long-term use can lead to significant drug-related toxic effects.Consequently,there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic strategies that convey better efficacy and reduce the adverse effects associated with current treatments.Recent advancements in AE therapy include novel synthetic compounds such as antiviral agents,antibiotics,antineoplastic agents,immunosuppressants,and antiangiogenic agents,as well as natural compounds derived from traditional Chinese and Tibetan medicine.These new drugs show promising clinical potential because they interfere with parasitic metabolic pathways and cellular structures.This review aims to discuss recent research on AE drug therapy,including mechanisms of action,dosing regimens,signalling pathways,and therapeutic outcomes,with a goal of providing new insights and directions for the development of anti-AE drugs and summarizing current advancements in AE pharmacotherapy.

Two-stage extraction by partial grinding of impacted mandibular third molar in close proximity to the inferior alveolar nerve

BACKGROUND Extraction of impacted third molars often leads to severe complications caused by damage to the inferior alveolar nerve(IAN).AIM To proposes a method for the partial grinding of an impacted mandibular third molar(IMM3)near the IAN to prevent IAN injury during IMM3 extraction.METHODS Between January 1996 and March 2022,25 patients with IMM3 roots near the IAN were enrolled.The first stage of the operation consisted of grinding a major part of the IMM3 crown with a high-speed turbine dental drill to achieve sufficient space between the mandibular second molar and IMM3.After 6 months,when the root tips were observed to be away from the IAN on X-ray examination,the remaining part of the IMM3 was completely removed.RESULTS All IMM3s were extracted easily without symptoms of IAN injury after extraction.CONCLUSION Partial IMM3 grinding may be a good alternative treatment option to avoid IAN injury in high-risk cases.

Coinfection with hepatic cystic and alveolar echinococcosis with abdominal wall abscess and sinus tract formation:A case report

BACKGROUND Hepatic cystic and alveolar echinococcosis coinfections,particularly with concurrent abscesses and sinus tract formation,are extremely rare.This article presents a case of a patient diagnosed with this unique presentation,discussing the typical imaging manifestations of both echinococcosis types and detailing the diagnosis and surgical treatment experience thereof.CASE SUMMARY A 39-year-old Tibetan woman presented with concurrent hepatic cystic and alveolar echinococcosis,accompanied by abdominal wall abscesses and sinus tract formation.Initial conventional imaging examinations suggested only hepatic cystic echinococcosis,but intraoperative and postoperative pathological examination revealed the coinfection.Following radical resection of the lesions,the patient’s condition improved,and she was discharged soon thereafter.Subsequent outpatient follow-ups confirmed no recurrence of the hydatid lesion and normal surgical wound healing.Though mixed hepatic cystic and alveolar echinococcosis with abdominal wall abscesses and sinus tract formations are rare,the general treatment approach remains consistent with that of simpler infections of alveolar echinococcosis.CONCLUSION Lesions involving the abdominal wall and sinus tract formation,may require radical resection.Long-term prognosis includes albendazole and follow-up examinations.

Characteristics of the imaging diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis

Alveolar echinococcosis(AE)primarily manifests in the liver and exhibits charac-teristics resembling those of slow-growing malignant tumours.Untreated Echino-coccus multilocularis infection can be lethal.By infiltrating the vascular systems,biliary tracts,and the hilum of the liver,it might lead to various problems.Due to its ability to infiltrate neighbouring tissues or metastasize to distant organs,AE can often be mistaken for malignancies.We present a concise overview of the epi-demiological and pathophysiological characteristics of AE,as well as the clinical manifestations of the disease.This article primarily examines the imaging charac-teristics of AE using various imaging techniques such as ultrasonography,com-puted tomography(CT),magnetic resonance imaging,diffusion-weighted ima-ging,and virtual non-enhanced dual-energy CT.We additionally examined the contribution of radiography in the diagnosis,treatment,and monitoring of the condition.

CBCT测量解剖参数在上颌第一磨牙缺失患者种植术前的临床应用价值

目的探究应用锥形束CT(CBCT)测量解剖参数在上颌第一磨牙缺失患者种植术前的临床应用价值。方法选取2022年5月至2024年5月中日友好医院收治的上颌第一磨牙缺失且拍摄CBCT的89例患者,比较不同性别、年龄、缺失侧、缺失时间上颌第一磨牙缺失患者残余牙槽嵴的高度和宽度的差异,并观察患者上颌窦外侧壁血管分型。结果不同年龄、缺失侧、缺失时间上颌第一磨牙缺失患者残余牙槽嵴的高度和宽度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同性别上颌第一磨牙缺失患者残余牙槽嵴的高度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),上颌第一磨牙缺失男性患者残余牙槽嵴的宽度大于女性患者[(9.0±2.7)mm比(7.5±2.0)mm](P<0.01);在89例上颌第一磨牙缺失患者的178侧上颌窦中,69.10%(123/178)的上颌窦外侧壁存在血管,其中骨内型占比最高,为70.73%(87/123)。结论CBCT可用于测量残余牙槽嵴的高度和宽度以及评估上颌窦外侧壁血管分型,可为种植术提供相关的术前指导。

FDG-PET in Bronchial Alveolar Carcinoma

Objective： The purpose of this study was to assess the features of bronchial alveolar carcinoma in fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose （FDG） uptake by Positron emission tomography（PET）. Methods： From December 1998 to October 2004, 35 patients with bronchial alveolar carcinoma （BAC） were imaged with FDG-PET before surgery. The PET results were interpreted using visual and semiquantitative assessment. For semiquantitative analysis, standardized uptake value （SUV） was calculated. Results： All tumors of the patients could be detected by FDG-PET and identified by visual method. By semiquantitative analysis, FDG uptake of the tumor （SUVmax and SUVmean） was higher than that of normal lung （SUVlung） （P〈0.001）, SUVmax, SUVmean of the tumor and SUVlung were 3.14±1.65, 2.40±1.34 and 0.38±0.08 respectively. Correlations were found between FDG uptake and tumor size （P〈0.05）. SUVmean in 21 tumors （21/35, 60.0%） and SUVmax in 15 tumors （15/35, 42.9%） were lower than 2.5. These 21 tumors were all considered as benign by visual method and semiquantitative analysis. Conclusion： （1） FDG uptake was higher in bronchial alveolar carcinoma than that in normal lung tissue. （2） FDG uptake and tumor size appear to be correlated with each other. （3） Bronchial alveolar carcinomas lead to many false negative cases in FDG-PET.

骨桥蛋白和p38MAPK信号通路在多房棘球蚴原头节发育中的作用

为明确骨桥蛋白(OPN)和多房棘球蚴(Echinococcus multilocularis,Em)p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)信号通路在Em发育过程的作用,剖检感染Em 4~6月的长爪沙鼠,提取Em原头节后,分别用不同浓度的p38MAPK抑制剂(SB202190)处理Em原头节,选取合适的SB202190浓度后在体外将原头节分为DMSO组、anti-p38MAPK组、PBS组、OPN组、OPN+anti-p38MAPK组,采用伊红染色、caspase-3试剂盒检测caspase-3、EDU和Hoechst染色、活性氧(ROS)检测探针检测原头节的活性、凋亡和增殖情况。结果显示,抑制Em的SB202190适宜浓度为20μmol/L,SB202190增加Em的伊红染色率、caspase-3水平,减少EDU阳性、ROS水平,OPN可减少Em伊红染色率、caspase-3水平,增加EDU阳性率、ROS水平,且SB202190可逆转OPN对Em的结果,这些结果表明SB202190可抑制Em的活性和增殖、促进凋亡并与浓度正相关,而OPN可促进Em的活性和增殖、抑制凋亡,且SB202190可逆转OPN对Em的作用。研究结果为OPN和p38MAPK信号通路可能成为治疗多房棘球蚴病的新分子靶点提供证据。

锥形术CT测量分析下颌第一磨牙拟种植区剩余牙槽嵴的骨量

背景:随着口腔领域的发展与进步,口腔种植技术逐渐成为替代传统义齿的主流选择。近年来,多种骨增量技术的成熟以及口腔数字化领域的不断发展,使种植适应证不断扩大,种植手术的成功率也越来越高。但是种植手术前使用锥形术CT对剩余牙槽嵴骨量进行准确测量并且个性化制定合适的种植方案,成为一部分临床医师的难题。目的:采用锥形束CT对下颌第一磨牙拟种植区剩余牙槽嵴骨量进行测量分析,为优化下颌第一磨牙区种植方案的设计提供参考。方法:采用回顾性研究设计,纳入205例下颌第一磨牙缺失患者的锥形术CT影像,测量下颌第一磨牙拟种植区剩余牙槽嵴高度及宽度,并将剩余牙槽嵴形态分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ4类(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ类剩余牙槽嵴为骨量不足),统计分析下颌第一磨牙剩余牙槽嵴高度、宽度、形态频数分布,不同性别患者下颌第一磨牙剩余牙槽嵴高度和牙槽嵴顶宽度的差异,剩余牙槽嵴高度与剩余牙槽嵴顶宽度、剩余牙槽嵴底宽度的相关性,年龄与剩余牙槽嵴顶宽度、高度的相关性。结果与结论:①下颌第一磨牙拟种植区剩余牙槽嵴高度平均为(12.14±2.96)mm,其中<12 mm者占43.41%(89/205),下颌第一磨牙拟种植区牙槽嵴顶宽度平均为(6.80±1.65)mm,其中<6 mm者占26.34%(54/205);②男性下颌第一磨牙剩余牙槽嵴高度高于女性,但差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),男性下颌第一磨牙剩余牙槽嵴顶宽度宽于女性,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01);③剩余牙槽嵴高度与剩余牙槽嵴顶宽度和剩余牙槽嵴底宽度呈负相关(P<0.05);年龄与剩余牙槽嵴顶宽度呈正相关(P<0.05),与剩余牙槽嵴高度无明显相关性(P>0.05);④剩余牙槽嵴形态Ⅰ类占58.05%(119/205),Ⅱ类占9.27%(19/205),Ⅲ类占20.49%(42/205),Ⅳ类占12.19%(25/205),其中多数为Ⅲ类剩余牙槽嵴骨量不足,临床医生需要根据剩余牙槽嵴类型个性化设计最佳的种植方案。

杜仲促进去势大鼠牙槽骨成骨的作用

背景:杜仲具有一定的成骨作用,能够促进成骨细胞的增殖及分化,但其对牙槽骨骨形成及Wnt/β-连环蛋白信号通路的影响尚不明确。目的:基于Wnt/β-连环蛋白信号通路探讨杜仲促进去势大鼠牙槽骨成骨的作用机制。方法:采用随机数字表法将60只雌性SD大鼠分为空白对照组、假手术组、模型组、杜仲低剂量组、杜仲高剂量组,每组12只。模型组、杜仲低剂量组、杜仲高剂量组通过双侧卵巢切除术建立骨质疏松大鼠模型,假手术组切除双侧卵巢周围同等质量的脂肪组织。造模3个月后,杜仲低、高剂量组大鼠分别灌胃给予2.1,4.2 g/(kg•d)的杜仲,假手术组和模型组大鼠灌胃给予生理盐水。药物干预12周后取材,通过Micro-CT观察牙槽骨骨量变化,苏木精-伊红染色观察牙槽骨病理结构变化,ELISA法检测血清中碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素水平,Western blot检测牙槽骨组织中β-连环蛋白、卷曲蛋白9的蛋白表达,RT-qPCR检测牙槽骨组织中骨钙素、Runx2、碱性磷酸酶、β-连环蛋白、卷曲蛋白9 mRNA的表达。结果与结论:①与空白对照组比较,模型组骨体积分数、骨小梁数目、骨小梁厚度、骨密度均降低(P<0.05),骨小梁分离度升高(P<0.05);病理观察可见骨小梁排列紊乱、不规则,骨小梁变细或断裂,骨髓腔变大,骨量明显减少;血清中碱性磷酸酶水平上升(P<0.05),骨钙素水平下降(P<0.05);碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素、Runx2、β-连环蛋白、卷曲蛋白9的mRNA表达均降低(P<0.05);β-连环蛋白、卷曲蛋白9的蛋白表达降低(P<0.05)。②与模型组比较,杜仲低、高剂量组大鼠牙槽骨骨体积分数、骨小梁数目、骨小梁厚度、骨密度均升高(P<0.05),骨小梁分离度降低(P<0.05);杜仲低、高剂量组骨小梁排列稍整齐,骨小梁较粗大,骨量增加;杜仲低、高剂量组血清中碱性磷酸酶水平下降(P<0.05),骨钙素水平上升(P<0.05);杜仲低剂量组碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素、β-连环蛋白、卷曲蛋白9的mRNA表达升高(P<0.05),杜仲高剂量组碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素、Runx2、β-连环蛋白、卷曲蛋白9的mRNA表达升高(P<0.05);杜仲低剂量组卷曲蛋白9蛋白表达升高(P<0.05),杜仲高剂量组β-连环蛋白、卷曲蛋白9的蛋白表达升高(P<0.05);③与杜仲低剂量组比较,杜仲高剂量组对上述指标的改善作用更显著;④提示:杜仲能有效促进牙槽骨骨形成,其作用机制可能与激活Wnt/β-连环蛋白信号通路有关。

ISOFLURANE REDUCES THE SYNTHESIS OF SURFACTANT-RELATED PROTEIN A OF ALVEOLAR TYPE II CELLS INJURED BY H_2O_2

Objective To explore the influence of isoflurane(Iso) on the synthesis of surfactant-related protein(SP-A) of alveolar type II cells(AT II cells) cultured in primary and injured by hydrogen peroxide(H2O2).Methods AT II cells were isolated from adult SD rats and used for experiments after 32h in primary culture and randomized into six groups: control group,0.28 mM Iso group,2.8mM Iso group,75 μM H2O2 group,75 μM H2O2 +0.28 mM Iso group and 75 μM H2O2 +2.8 mM Iso group. Each group was continuously incubated for 3 h after administration of Iso or/and H2O2. The intracellular SP-A and the SP-A of cultured medium were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results Iso significantly decreased SP-A content of cultured medium and the intracellular,and aggravated the decrease of SP-A content induced by H2O2 in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion Iso itself may decrease SP-A synthesis of AT II cells in vitro,and aggravate the damage of AT II cells especially under peroxidation condition.

基于Cre-loxP重组酶系统构建肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞特异性敲除SENP1基因小鼠

背景:前期在体外成功构建了SENP1基因沉默的人肺泡上皮细胞系,在细胞水平上研究了SENP1在高氧性肺损伤中的作用。目的:基于Cre-loxP重组酶系统构建肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞特异性敲除SENP1基因小鼠模型。方法:将SENP1^(flox/-)小鼠自交得到SENP1^(flox/flox)和SENP1^(flox/-)小鼠;将Sftpc-Cre^(+/+)小鼠与野生型小鼠交配获得更多的Sftpc-Cre^(+/-)小鼠。将Sftpc-Cre^(+/+)或子代Sftpc-Cre^(+/-)小鼠与SENP1^(flox/-)或子代SENP1^(flox/flox)小鼠进行杂交,获得SENP1^(flox/-)Sftpc-Cre^(+/-)双杂合小鼠。将SENP1^(flox/-)Sftpc-Cre^(+/-)小鼠与SENP1^(flox/flox)小鼠杂交,获得SENP1^(flox/flox)Sftpc-Cre^(+/-)小鼠。剪鼠尾提取基因组DNA,行PCR扩增,扩增产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳确定小鼠基因型。取SENP1^(flox/flox)和SENP1^(flox/flox)Sftpc-Cre^(+/-)小鼠肺组织行免疫荧光双标实验及Western blot以验证SENP1敲除效果;取SENP1^(flox/flox)和SENP1^(flox/flox)Sftpc-Cre^(+/-)小鼠心、肝、肺、肾组织行苏木精-伊红染色以观察两组小鼠各脏器的组织形态。结果与结论:琼脂糖凝胶电泳正确筛选出SENP1^(flox/flox)Sftpc-Cre^(+/-)小鼠。免疫荧光双标实验显示,与SENP1^(flox/flox)小鼠相比,SENP1^(flox/flox)Sftpc-Cre^(+/-)小鼠肺组织中SENP1的平均荧光强度降低(P<0.01),且SENP1和Sftpc未见明显共定位(P<0.01)。Western blot结果显示,与SENP1^(flox/flox)小鼠相比,SENP1^(flox/flox)Sftpc-Cre^(+/-)小鼠肺组织中SENP1蛋白表达降低(P<0.001)。苏木精-伊红染色结果显示SENP1^(flox/flox)和SENP1^(flox/flox)Sftpc-Cre^(+/-)小鼠的心、肝、肺和肾脏组织形态无明显改变。该研究利用Cre-loxP重组酶系统成功构建了肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞特异性敲除SENP1基因小鼠,为后续研究SENP1基因在以肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞为主要损伤细胞的肺疾病如支气管肺发育不良、特发性肺纤维化中的作用提供了良好的工具。

自体骨与富血小板纤维蛋白修复牙槽骨重度缺损

背景:有研究将富血小板纤维蛋白与自体骨联合应用于牙周骨缺损治疗取得了良好效果,但二者联合治疗牙槽骨重度缺损的研究目前较为匮乏。目的:观察自体骨移植与富血小板纤维蛋白联合修复牙槽骨重度缺损的效果。方法:选择2022年4月至2023年2月衡水市人民医院收治的102例牙槽骨重度缺损患者,采取随机数字表法分为对照组(n=51)与观察组(n=51),两组患者均进行引导性组织再生手术,对照组术中采用自体骨填充骨缺损,观察组术中采用自体富血小板纤维蛋白与自体骨填充骨缺损。观察两组临床疗效、手术前后牙齿松动度、牙周微生态环境(探诊深度、临床附着丧失、出血指数)、牙槽骨高度及密度、龈沟液指标(转化生长因子β、丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂、基质金属蛋白酶3)变化及不良反应情况。结果与结论:术后6个月,两组治疗有效率比较差异无显著性意义(P> 0.05);观察组患者术后3,6个月的牙齿松动度及牙周探诊深度、临床附着丧失、出血指数均低于对照组(P <0.05),术后6个月的牙槽骨高度高于对照组(P <0.05),术后3,6个月的龈沟液转化生长因子β水平高于对照组(P <0.05),术后3,6个月的龈沟液丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂、基质金属蛋白酶3水平均低于对照组(P <0.05)。结果提示:在引导性组织再生手术中,采用自体富血小板纤维蛋白与自体骨联合填充可改善牙槽骨重度缺损患者的牙周微生态环境、减轻牙龈组织炎症、促进牙槽骨组织再生与修复、降低牙齿松动度。

miR-338-3p靶向核因子κB受体活化因子配体影响牙槽骨成骨细胞增殖及凋亡

背景:miR-338-3p能够抑制破骨细胞分化,下调核因子κB受体活化因子配体水平能够促进骨形成。然而miR-338-3p是否通过调控核因子κB受体活化因子配体表达影响牙槽骨成骨细胞增殖、凋亡尚不清楚。目的:探究miR-338-3p靶向核因子κB受体活化因子配体对牙槽骨成骨细胞增殖、凋亡的影响及机制。方法:分离人牙槽骨成骨细胞,对其进行细胞转染及Wnt-C59(Wnt/β-catenin通路抑制剂)处理,分为转染对照组、miR-338-3p组、miR-338-3p+对照组、miR-338-3p+核因子κB受体活化因子配体组和miR-338-3p+Wnt-C59组。双荧光素酶实验验证miR-338-3p对核因子κB受体活化因子配体的调控作用;CCK-8、EdU染色检测细胞增殖水平;流式细胞术检测细胞周期和凋亡水平;RT-qPCR检测细胞miR-338-3p、核因子κB受体活化因子配体、Wnt-3a、β-catenin、糖原合酶激酶3βmRNA表达水平;Western Blot检测细胞核因子κB受体活化因子配体、增殖细胞核抗原、Ki67、细胞周期蛋白D1、Bcl-2、Bax、天冬氨酸半胱氨酸蛋白酶3、Wnt-3a、β-catenin、糖原合酶激酶3β蛋白表达水平。结果与结论:①miR-338-3p靶向调控核因子κB受体活化因子配体;②过表达miR-338-3p后,细胞存活率、EdU阳性细胞率、S期细胞比例升高,细胞凋亡率降低,miR-338-3p、增殖细胞核抗原、Ki67、细胞周期蛋白D1、Bcl-2、Wnt-3a、β-catenin mRNA和蛋白水平升高,Bax、天冬氨酸半胱氨酸蛋白酶3、核因子κB受体活化因子配体、糖原合酶激酶3βmRNA和蛋白水平降低(均P<0.05);③过表达核因子κB受体活化因子配体或Wnt-C59处理能够减弱过表达miR-338-3p对细胞增殖、凋亡的影响(均P<0.05);④结果表明,miR-338-3p靶向核因子κB受体活化因子配体表达可促进牙槽骨成骨细胞增殖,并抑制细胞凋亡,其可能通过激活Wnt/β-catenin信号通路发挥作用。

Application of 3D reconstruction for surgical treatment of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis

AIM: To evaluate the reliability and accuracy of threedimensional(3D) reconstruction for liver resection in patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis(HAE).METHODS: One-hundred and six consecutive patients with HAE underwent hepatectomy at our hospital between May 2011 and January 2015. Fifty-nine patients underwent preoperative 3D reconstruction and "virtual" 3D liver resection before surgery(Group A). Another 47 patients used conventional imaging methods for preoperative assessment(Group B). Outcomes of hepatectomy were compared between the two groups.RESULTS: There was no significant difference in preoperative data between the two groups. Compared with patients in Group B, those in Group A had a significantly shorter operation time(227.1 ± 51.4 vs 304.6 ± 88.1 min; P < 0.05), less intraoperative blood loss(308.1 ± 135.4 vs 458.1 ± 175.4 m L; P < 0.05), and lower requirement for intraoperative blood transfusion(186.4 ± 169.6 vs 289.4 ± 199.2 m L; P < 0.05). Estimated resection liver volumes in bothgroups had good correlation with actual graft weight(Group A: r = 0.978; Group B: r = 0.960). There was a significant higher serum level of albumin in Group A(26.3 ± 5.9 vs 22.6 ± 4.3 g/L, P < 0.05). Other postoperative laboratory parameters(serum levels of aminotransferase and bilirubin; prothrombin time) and duration of postoperative hospital stay were similar. Sixteen complications occurred in Group A and 19 in Group B. All patients were followed for 3-46(mean, 17.3) mo. There was no recurrence of lesions in Group A, but two recurrences in Group B. There were three deaths: two from cerebrovascular accident, and one from car accident.CONCLUSION: 3D reconstruction provides comprehensive and precise anatomical information for the liver. It also improves the chance of success and reduces the risk of hepatectomy in HAE.

Proposal of a computed tomography classification for hepatic alveolar echinococcosis

AIM: To establish a computed tomography (CT)-morphological classification for hepatic alveolar echinococcosis was the aim of the study.METHODS: The CT morphology of hepatic lesions in 228 patients with confirmed alveolar echinococcosis (AE) drawn from the Echinococcus Databank of the University Hospital of Ulm was reviewed retrospectively. For this reason, CT datasets of combined positron emission tomography (PET)-CT examinations were evaluated. The diagnosis of AE was made in patients with unequivocal seropositivity; positive histological findings following diagnostic puncture or partial resection of the liver; and/or findings typical for AE at either ultrasonography, CT, magnetic resonance imaging or PET-CT. The CT-morphological findings were grouped into the new classification scheme.RESULTS: Within the classification a lesion was dedicated to one out of five &#x0201c;primary morphologies&#x0201d; as well as to one out of six &#x0201c;patterns of calcification&#x0201d;. &#x0201c;primary morphology&#x0201d; and &#x0201c;pattern of calcification&#x0201d; are primarily focussed on separately from each other and combined, whereas the &#x0201c;primary morphology&#x0201d; V is not further characterized by a &#x0201c;pattern of calcification&#x0201d;. Based on the five primary morphologies, further descriptive sub-criteria were appended to types&#x02005;I-III. An analysis of the calcification pattern in relation to the primary morphology revealed the exclusive association of the central calcification with type IV primary morphology. Similarly, certain calcification patterns exhibited a clear predominance for other primary morphologies, which underscores the delimitation of the individual primary morphological types from each other. These relationships in terms of calcification patterns extend into the primary morphological sub-criteria, demonstrating the clear subordination of those criteria.CONCLUSION: The proposed CT-morphological classification (EMUC-CT) is intended to facilitate the recognition and interpretation of lesions in hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. This could help to interpret different clinical courses better and shall assist in the context of scientific studies to improve the comparability of CT findings.