Facile Synthesis of Amidines via Intermolecular Reductive Coupling of Nitriles with Azobenzene Promoted by Samarium Diiodide

The intermolecular reductive coupling of nitrites with azobenzene induced by SmI2 was studied. Amidine derivatives were prepared in good yields under neutral and mild conditions.

Base mediated direct C–H amination for pyrimidines synthesis from amidines and cinnamaldehydes using oxygen as green oxidants

A direct metal-free C-H amination reaction of cinnamaldehydes and amidines to realize the synthesis of polysubstituted pyrimidines was developed in the presence of base. This greener synthetic methodology provides a straightforward approach to the synthesis of a variety of pyrimidine derivatives under mild reaction condition using oxygen as sole oxidants.

In Situ Generation of Oxazole Ylide and Interception with Sulfonamide： Construction of Amidines Using Two Diazo Molecules

A novel generation of oxazole vlide and interception with sulfonamide have been well developed to construct fully substituted amidines. This copper-catalyzed four-component reaction incorporates two diazo molecules to target amidines and shows broad substrate scope, excellent functional groups tolerance and good to excellent yields.

Electrooxidative[3+2]annulation of amidines with alkenes for the synthesis of spiroimidazolines

The electrooxidative[3+2]annulation of amidines with 2-arylideneindane-1,3-diones or 4-alkylidene pyrazolones is reported using NaI as a redox catalyst and electrolyte under constant current electrolysis in an undivided cell.The current strategy features excellent functional group tolerance,simple operation,and mild conditions,thus providing an environmentally benign and efficient access to spiroimidazolines in moderate to good yields.

Iron-catalyzed[4+2]annulation of amidines with α,β-unsaturated ketoxime acetates toward 2,4,6-trisubstituted pyrimidines

An iron-catalyzed[4+2]annulation of amidines with α,β-unsaturated ketoxime acetates is described.This strategy employs amidines as CN units and provides a new protocol for the construction of 2,4,6-trisubstituted pyrimidines under batch and continuous flow conditions in moderate to good yields,exhibiting good functional group tolerance,scalability and operational simplicity.

Facile Synthesis of Phosphorus N-Fluoroalkanesulfonyl Amidines by Cu-catalyzed One-pot Three-component Reaction

In the presence of Cu（I） and triethyl amine, one-pot three-component reaction of fluoroalkanesulfonyl azides, alkynes and iminophosphoranes in CH2Cl2 at room temperature gave a novel class of fluorinated phosphorus amidines in good yields.

Targeting neuronal nitric oxide synthase as a valuable strategy for the therapy of neurological disorders

The management of neurological disorders have huge and increasing human and economic costs. Despite this, there is a scarcity of effective therapeutics, and there is an extreme urgency for new and real treatments. In this short review we analyze some promising advancements in the search of new bioactive molecules targeting neuronal nitric oxide synthase （nNOS）, an enzyme deputed to the biosynthesis of nitric oxide （NO）. In different conditions of neuronal damages, this molecule is overproduced, contributing to the pathogenesis and progression of neuronal diseases. Two main approaches to modulate nNOS are discussed： a first one consisting in the direct inhibition of the enzyme by means of small organic molecules, which can be also active against other different targets involved in such diseases. A second section is dedicated to molecules able to prevent the formation of the ternary complex N-methyl-D-aspartate （NMDA）type glutamate receptors, postsynaptic density-95 （PSD95） protein-nNOS, which is necessary to activate the latter for the biosynthesis of NO.

配体氮上取代基对二齿双氨基脒钴(Ⅱ)型ALD前驱体稳定性的影响

新型的二齿双氮基脒金属前驱体bis-amidinate在原子层气相沉积(ALD)中表现出了广阔的应用前景。前驱体适用性取决于其是否具备适当的稳定性,而bis-amidinate型前驱体的稳定性可由侧链取代基上β基团的迁移重排来表征,利用密度泛函理论方法研究了配体氮原子上不同取代基对bis-amidinate型Co前驱体稳定性的影响.结果表明,β-H的迁移较β-Me的迁移相对容易,而β基团在不同取代基前驱体中的迁移能力次序为:异丙基(β-H)>2-丁基(β-H)>叔丁基(β-CH_3).

Design,synthesis and anti-tumoractivity of novel amidine derivatives of doxifluridine

A series of novel amidine derivatives of doxifluridine were synthesized using acid amide as the starting material,and their antitumor activity was evaluated in A549 cells.Compounds 10 and 11 demonstrated were more potent than 5-Fu,which was used as a positive control.Compound 10,which were found to be the most potent one with IC_(50) of 3.2μmol/L,was 16 times more potent than 5-Fu with IC_(50) of 52μmol/L to the A549 cells.A new route was designed to synthesize 5 -deoxy-5-fluorocytidine.All compounds were c...

Catalytic HgCl_2-Samarium System Induced Reductive Coupling of Nitriles with Nitro Compounds

The intermolecular coupling of a nitro group with a cyano group mediated by a Sm(Hg) amalgam prepared from metal samarium powder and catalytic mercury dichloride was studied.

Amidine-bearing lipoplex targeting to hepatocyte cells

A lipoplex （i.e., pDNA#1/lipid complex and transfection reagent for pDNA delivery） containing galactosylceramide （GalCer） and an amidine-bearing lipid （TRX） was examined whether the bound pDNA was specifically ingested by hepatocyte via asialoglycoprotein receptor （ASGPR） and then expressed protein. Gel electrophoresis and small-angle X-ray scattering （SAXS） confirmed that the TRX-GalCer liposome#2 complexed with pDNA and the resultant lipoplex took a hexagonally packed inverted cylinder structure when the GalCer composition was less than 20 wt.% of the total lipid. When the lipoplex carrying pGL3 （luciferase-cording pDNA） was administrated to HepG2, the luciferase activity was increased with increasing the GalCer composition until it reached 3 wt.% and then decreased upon further addition of GalCer. When we added galactose itself as a competitor, the luciferase activity was decreased, while glucose did not show such decrease, suggesting that HepG2 ingested the lipoplex via ASGPR-mediated endocytosis. This paper indicated that the hexagonally packed inverted cylinder structures of lipoplex may not always provide excellent transfection and presented a possibility that the TRX lipoplex#3 can obtain a cellulartargeting ability through the receptors for oligosaccharide.

Switchable Multicomponent Cyclization Reactions to Access Fluoroalkylated Dihydropyrimidines and Pyrimidines under Solvent-Free Conditions

Comprehensive Summary The development of switchable solvent-free multicomponent reactions to build high-value-added products is an important demand for organic synthesis.Herein,we detailed the successful implementation of a switchable strategy for the construction of diverse 4-fluoroalkyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidines and 4-fluoroalkyl-pyrimidines via a solvent/additive-free[3+2+1]annulation,starting from readily available enamines,trifluoroacetaldehyde hydrate or 1-ethoxy-2,2-difluoroethanol and amidines hydrochloride.This reaction conforms to the concept of green synthesis,and provides a new avenue to access valuable fluorinated heterocycles.

Dramatic Difference Between Cu_(20)H_(8)and Cu_(20)H_(9)Clusters in Catalysis

Sensitivity to structure and composition is very challenging to establish in nanocatalysis due to inadequate definition of structures that are very close in composition.We synthesized a pair of atomically precise copper clusters that are very close in composition,[Cu_(20)H_(9)(Tf-dpf)_(10)]·BF4(Cu_(20)H_(9))and[Cu_(20)H_(8)(Tf-dpf)_(10)]·(BF_(4))_(2)(Cu_(20)H_(8)),by using a pyridyl-functionalized flexible amidinate ligand,N,N′-di(5-trifluoromethyl-2-pyridyl)formamidinate.The one-hydride difference in their composition leads to significant variation in geometric and electronic structures and,consequently,distinctly different optical and catalytic properties.Cu_(20)H_(8)exhibits 25 times higher catalytic activity than Cu_(20)H_(9)(96.7%vs 3.7%in yield)in the selective hydrogenation of anα,β-unsaturated aldehyde(cinnamaldehyde)to saturated aldehyde(3-phenylpropanal).Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry combined with density functional theory calculations reveal that the greater ease of dissociation of one Tf-dpf ligand compared to Cu_(20)H_(8)is the key to its higher activity.This work demonstrates a clear case of structure and composition sensitivity in nanocatalysis and that one hydride,out of∼330 atoms in the nanoclusters,can make a huge difference in the catalytic activity.These insights will be useful in the design and synthesis of atomically precise nanocatalysts.

Chiral organobases: Properties and applications in asymmetric catalysis

Chiral organobases occupy a significant position in asymmetric organocatalysis. The general types of chiral organobases include tertiary amines, amidines, guanidines, cyclopropenimines, and iminophosphoranes, etc. These organobases are demonstrated to be effective organocatalysts to promote divers kinds of base-initiated reactions in excellent yields and stereoselectivities. In previous reports, several groups have summarized each kind of chiral organobases in different reviews. To the aim of understanding the whole of them in one review, herein, we provide a brief introduction of these chiral organobases in asymmetric catalysis.

Catalyst-free multicomponent polymerization of sulfonyl azide,aldehyde and cyclic amino acids toward zwitterionic and amphiphilic poly(N-sulfonyl amidine)as nanocatalyst precursor

Polymers with metal coordination ability are outstanding precursors of nanocatalysts,attracting numerous attention in nanocatalysis area.It has been rarely reported for the poly(N-sulfonyl amidines)as macromolecular ligands for nanocatalysis.Herein,a catalyst-free multicomponent polymerization(MCP)strategy is developed to facilely prepare a library of amphiphilic poly(Nsulfonyl amidines)with zwitterionic properties starting from disulfonyl azide,hydrophilic dialdehyde and cyclic amino acids including proline and pipecolinic acid.Metals or additives can be thorougly avoided through this method.All the obtained polymers have well-defined structures,high yields and weight-average molecular weights(M_(w)s,up to 99,300 g/mol).The unique zwitterionic property,amphiphilicity and Cu(Ⅰ)coordination ability of the obtained poly(N-sulfonyl amidines)endow them to form the polymer-Cu(Ⅰ)complexes as nanocatalysts.Such nanocatalysts exhibit high catalytic efficiency in aqueous Cucatalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition(CuAAC)reaction at a low Cu(Ⅰ)loading of 50 ppm.Nanocatalysts with a high ratio of polymers to Cu(Ⅰ)have also been demonstrated with Cu(Ⅰ)stabilization ability.This work provides a“green”MCP method toward zwitterionic and amphiphilic poly(N-sulfonyl amidines),and highlights their unique potentials for nanocatalysis.

Polymerization of Isoprene by Amidinate-Ligated Yttrium Catalysts.Unprecedented Switching of the Regio-and Stereoselectivity with an Alkyl Aluminum Compound

1 Results Search for catalysts which can control the regio- and stereoselectivity for olefin polymerization is a very important research subject.For the polymerization of isoprene,we have recently achieved,for the first time,the isospecific 3,4 polymerization by using a cationic rare earth metal alkyl catalyst bearing a silylene-linked cyclopentadieny-phosphido ligand[1], and the cis-1,4 living polymerization by a bis(phosphinophenyl)amido-ligated rare earth metal catalyst[2]. In addition to these ligan...