<i>In Vitro</i>Clonal Propagation from Juvenile and Different Explant Types of Two Edible <i>Annonaceae</i>Species: <i>Annona muricata</i>L. and <i>Annona squamosa</i>L.

Annona muricata L. and Annona squamosa L. are tropical species whose fleshy fruit is edible. They offer real possibilities for socio-economic use, particularly in the fields of medicine, nutrition, ecosystem conservation and the poverty alleviation. This study was set up to evaluate different methods of micropropagation from juvenile material for the regeneration of these species. Thus, MS medium supplemented with [BAP 2 mg·L-1] i.e. M2 produced 2.87 newly formed shoots from the cotyledonary nodes of A. muricata. For the terminal apices of A. squamosa, it was MMS medium supplemented with [BAP 2 mg·L-1] i.e. MM2 that was most conducive to new shoot formation (3.12). The addition of 0.1 and 0.2 mg·L-1 of NAA in the M2 medium, made it possible to have the best elongations and average number of nodes for the new shoots from cotyledonary nodes of A. muricata (9.11 cm for 5.62 nodes). With A. squamosa, MM7 medium [MMS + BAP 1 mg·L-1 + KIN 1 mg·L-1] resulted in an average length of 9.05 cm with 5.62 nodes on average for the apical shoots. A 3-day rhizogenic induction period in the dark with [IBA 50 mg·L-1] and 2 g·L-1 of activated charcoal gave a rooting rate of 66.67% for shoots originating from the cotyledonary nodes of A. squamosa;while with vitroplants from cotyledonary nodes of A. muricata, a better rooting rate (83.33%) was obtained following a 5-day rhizogenic induction. After 30 days of acclimatization, the survival rate reached 83.33% for plants from the tips of A. muricata, whereas for A. squamosa, it was plants grown from cotyledonary nodes that had the same survival rate.

An efficient method in breaking of dormancy from Bunium persicum(Boiss)Fedtsch seeds:a valuable herb of middle East and Central Asia

Objective:To develop a protocol lor breaking of seed dormancy and increasing the seed germination rate of Bunium persicum.Methods:The seeds were treated with 3.1.6.3.12.5.25.50 and 100 μmol/L of benzyl aminopurine.gibberellic acid(GA,),thidiazuron(TDZ) and forchlorlenuron.Then,seeds were transferred to two different temperature conditions including room temperature(25 ℃) and chilling temperature(2-5℃).Results:The treatment of moist seeds with chilling temperature(2—5℃) broke seed dormancy and showed maximum germination,which was 54.7%after 60 d treatment.Also,the treatment of dn seeds with chilling temperature broke seed dormancy with 9.3%germination rate after 120 d.Treatment of seeds with different level of plant growth regulators showed that under moistroom condition,there was evidence ol higher and lower seed germination rate:GA,(100 μmol/L)with 46.7%and TDZ(50 μmol/L) with 6.67%respectively.In addition,the results showed that under moist-chilling condition.TDZ(6.3 μmol/L) with 53.3%seed germination rate had higher influence on breaking seed dormancy.Treatment of seeds with combination of TDZ and GA_3 under moistchilling condition revealed higher rale of breaking of seed dormancy when 6.3 μmol/L TDZ was combined with 100 μmol/L GA,.showing 93.7%genninatiou rate.Conclusions:The effect of plant growth regulators coupled with chilling temperature on breaking of seed dormancy could provide a large number of seedlings while the long juvenile time which is the next restricting factor of plantation still remained.Thus,the subsequent growth of seedlings to provide a large number of corms is necessary for successful plantation.