Effects of Temperature and Salinity on Oxygen Consumption and Ammonium Excretion Rate of ♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ E. lanceolatus Juveniles

The impact of water temperature(24, 27, 30 and 33℃) and salinity(15, 20, 25, 30 and 33) on oxygen consumption(OCR) and ammonium excretion rate(AER) of ♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ×♂ E. lanceolatus hybrid grouper juveniles(9.39 ± 0.07 g) were investigated under the fed and un-fed conditions. The results showed that the OCR and AER were significantly(P < 0.05) affected by temperature and salinity under both fed and un-fed conditions. When temperature was 24–33℃, the OCR and AER of fed hybrid grouper juveniles were 85.68%–129.52% and 125.78%–287.63%, respectively, higher than those of un-fed hybrid grouper juveniles. The O/N ratio, protein use(P_u), Q_(10)(respiration) and Q_(10)(excretion) of fed hybrid grouper juveniles were 14.43–24.01, 28.35% – 48.48%, 1.69 and 3.01, respectively. The O/N ratio, P_u, Q_(10)(respiration), Q_(10)(excretion) of un-fed hybrid grouper juveniles were 20.39 – 31.79, 22.16% – 34.34%, 1.23 and 1.17, respectively. When salinity was 15–33, the OCR and AER of fed hybrid grouper juveniles increased by 87.42% – 116.85% and 215.38% – 353.57%, respectively, over those of un-fed hybrid grouper juveniles. The O/N ratio and P_u of fed hybrid grouper juveniles were 14.48 – 17.78, 39.36% – 49.43%, respectively. The O/N ratio and Pu of un-fed hybrid grouper juveniles were 20.39 – 31.79 and 22.16% – 34.34%, respectively. The specific dynamic action(SDA) of hybrid grouper juveniles was mainly related to protein metabolism. The results had a guiding significance to the large-scale intensive aquaculture of hybrid grouper juveniles.

The correlation of urinary albumin excretion rate with renal function, inflammatory response and oxidative stress response in patients with diabetic nephropathy

Objective:To study the correlation of urinary albumin excretion rate with renal function, inflammatory response and oxidative stress response in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN).Methods: A total of 78 patients with DN treated in our hospital December 2012 and March 2016 were collected and divided into early diabetic nephropathy group (n=51) and middle-advanced diabetic nephropathy group (n=27) according to the DN grading standard;60 subjects with normal renal function who receiving physical examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as normal control group. Immediately after admission, the urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) of all groups were determined;automatic biochemical analyzer was used to determine renal function index levels, ELISA method was used to determine inflammatory factor levels, and RIA method was used to determine the oxidative stress index levels;Pearson test was used to analyze the correlation of UAER value with renal function, inflammatory response and oxidative stress response in patients with DN.Results:Differences in UAER value as well as renal function index, inflammatory response index and oxidative stress index levels were statistically significant among three groups of subjects. UAER value as well as BUN, Scr, CysC,β2-MG, IL-6, hs-CRP, TNF- , MDA and AOPP levels of early DN group and middle-advanced DN group were higher than those of normal control group while T-AOC and SOD levels were lower than those of normal control group;UAER value as well as BUN, Scr, CysC,β2-MG, IL-6, hs-CRP, TNF- , MDA and AOPP levels of middle-advanced DN group was higher than those of early DN group while T-AOC and SOD levels were lower than those of early DN group;UAER value in patients with DN was correlated with renal function, inflammatory response and oxidative stress.Conclusion:UAER value can directly reflect the renal injury, inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with DN, and be the reliable means for early disease diagnosis and treatment guidance.

Effect of Fouling on Feeding, Oxygen Consumption and Waste Excretion of Pearl Oyster Pinctada martensii in Daya Bay Cultivation

Biofouling is a particular problem in the pearl oyster culture. It may reduce the growth and survival rates of the cultured species. Foulers are often themselves filter feeders, and are therefore potential competitors for food resource with the cultured species. Fouling organisms may also reduce the oxygen supply. A study was conducted to measure the impact of foulers on feeding oxygen consumption, and waste excretion. POM, ammonia, phosphate and oxygen concentration were measured in various treatments （cultured species, foulers）. This study showed that fouling organisms had significant effect on food uptake, oxygen consumption and waste excretion. The clearance rate, ammonia and phosphate release rate, oxygen consumption rate of the fouled pearl oyster were greater than those of the clean pearl oysters. Other foulers that settled on cages or buoys also contributed much to phytoplankton depletion, oxygen consumption and concentration increase of ammonia and phosphate in water. Therefore, this study showed us that foulers were important competitors in the pearl oyster cultivation of Daya Bay in November 2005.

EFFECTS OF REDUCED SALINITY ON OXYGEN CONSUMPTION AND AMMONIA-N EXCRETION OF CHLAMYS FARRERI

Effects of reduced salinity on the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and the ammonia N excretion rate (AER) of scallop Chlamys farreri (3.2 5.9 cm in shell height, 0.147 1.635 g in soft tissue dry weight ) were studied in laboratory from March 21,1997 to April 16, 1997. Under the controlled conditions of reduced salinity from 31.5 to 15.0 and ambient temperature 17℃ and 23℃, the concentrations of dissolved oxygen and ammonia N were determined by the Winkle method and the hypobromite method, respectively. Results showed that with controlled reduced salinity, the mean values of the OCR were 2.17 mg/(g.h) at 17℃, and 2.86 mg/(g.h) at 23℃and that the mean values of the AER were 178.0 μg/(g.h) at 17℃ and 147.0 μg/(g.h) at 23℃. The OCR and the AER decreased with reducing salinity from 31.5 to 15.0 both at 17℃ and 23℃. The effects of reduced salinity on the OCR and the AER of scallop C. farreri could be represented by the allometric equation and the exponential equation, respectively.

Oxygen consumption and ammonia-N excretion of Meretrix meretrix in different temperature and salinity

Effects of temperatures and salinities on oxygen consumption and ammonia-N excretion rate of clam Meretrix meretrix were studied in laboratory from Oct. 2003 to Jan. 2004. Two schemes were designed in incremented temperature at 10, 15, 20, 25℃ at 31.5 salinity and in incremented salinity at16.0, 21.0, 26.0, 31.5, 36.0, and 41.0 at 20℃, all for 8-10 days. From 10 to 25℃, both respiration and excretion rate were increased. One-way ANOVA analysis demonstrated significant difference （P〈0.01） in physiological parameters in this temperature range except between 15 and 20℃. The highest Q10 thermal coefficient value （12.27） was acquired between 10 and 15℃, and about 1 between 15 and 20℃, indicating M. meretrix could well acclimate to temperature changes in this range. Salinity also had significant effects on respiration and excretion rate （P〈0.05）. The highest values of respiration and excretion rate of M. meretrix were recorded at 16.0 salinity （20℃）. These two physiological parameters decreased as salinity increased until reached the minimum Q10 value at 31.5 （20℃）, then again, these parameters increased with increasing salinity from 31.5 to 41.0. M. meretrix can catabolize body protein to cope with osmotic pressure stress when environmental salinity is away from its optimal range. No significant difference was observed between 26.0 and 36.0 in salinity （P〉0.05）, suggesting that a best metabolic salinity range for this species is between 26.0 and 36.0.

EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON OXYGEN CONSUMPTION AND AMMONIA EXCRETION BY SOLENAIA OLEIVORA

The effects of water temperature on oxygen consumption rate and ammonia excretion rate of Solenaia oleivora were studied in the laboratory. The results showed that, under controlled conditions and ambient temperatures 15—30℃, the relationship between oxygen consumption rate (O) [mg/h] and dry weight of soft tissue (W) [g] can be represented by an allometric equation O=aW b, while the relationship between ammonia excretion rate (N) [μg/h] and dry weight of soft tissue (W) [g] follows also an allometric equation N=cW b. It is indicated that both metabolic rates are correlated positively with water temperature. High temperature can reduce the level of protein metabolism. The linear regression among oxygen consumption rate (O), temperature (T) and dry weight of soft tissue (W) can be described by the equation O=-0.6513+0.0532T+0.1073W, and for ammonia this relation is N=32.1626-1.0566T+1.3222W, the multiple relation coefficient was 0.9642 and 0.8921, respectively.

EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON OXYGEN CONSUMPTION AND AMMONIA-N EXCRETION OF CHLAMYS FARRERI

of temperature on oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and ammonia-N excretion rate of scallop Chlamys farreri (1.7-6.2 cm in shell height) were studied in laboratory from Dec. 30 1996 to Jan. 28, 1997 . Under the controlled conditions of ambient water temperature 10-31℃ and salinity 32, the concentrations of dissolved oxygen and ammonia-N were determined by the Winkle method and the hypobromite method , respectively . Results showed that the OCR ranged from 1.20 mg/g (DW). h to 5.76mg/g (DW). h. The OCR increased with temperature from 10℃ to 23℃, but at 28℃ the OCR of mature individuals decreased, and that of different size scallops reduced at 31℃. The ammonia-N excretion rate ranged from 113.13 μg NH4-N/g (DW). h to 486.63 μg NH4 -N/g (DW). h,and increased with temperature from 10℃ to 31℃.

Establishing the presence or absence of chronic kidney disease:Uses and limitations of formulas estimating the glomerular filtration rate

The development of formulas estimating glomerular filtration rate(eG FR) from serum creatinine and cystatin C and accounting for certain variables affecting the production rate of these biomarkers, including ethnicity, gender and age, has led to the current scheme of diagnosing and staging chronic kidney disease(CKD),which is based on e GFR values and albuminuria.This scheme has been applied extensively in various populations and has led to the current estimates of prevalence of CKD. In addition, this scheme is applied in clinical studies evaluating the risks of CKD and the efficacy of various interventions directed towards improving its course. Disagreements between creatinine-based and cystatin-based e GFR values and between e GFR values and measured GFR have been reported in various cohorts. These disagreements are the consequence of variations in the rate of production and in factors, other than GFR, affecting the rate of removal of creatinine and cystatin C. The disagreements create limitations for all e GFR formulas developed so far. The main limitations are low sensitivity in detecting early CKD in several subjects, e.g., those with hyperfiltration, and poor prediction of the course of CKD. Research efforts in CKD are currently directed towards identification of biomarkers that are better indices of GFR than the current biomarkers and,particularly, biomarkers of early renal tissue injury.

Effect of temperature on the standard metabolic rates of juvenile and adult Exopalaemon carinicauda

Ridgetail white prawn （Exopalaemon carinicauda） are of significant economic importance in China where they are widely cultured. However, there is little information on the basic biology of this species. We evaluated the effect of temperature （16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, and 34℃） on the standard metabolic rates （SMRs） of juvenile and adult E. carinicauda in the laboratory under static conditions. The oxygen consumption rate （OCR）, ammonia-N excretion rate （AER）, and atornic ratio of oxygen consumed to nitrogen consumed （O：N ratio） of juvenile and adult E. carinicauda were significantly influenced by temperature （P〈0.05）. Both the OCR and AER of juveniles increased significantly with increasing temperature from 16 to 34℃, but the maximum OCR for adults was at 31℃. Juvenile shrimp exhibited a higher OCR than the adults from 19 to 34℃. There was no significant difference between the AERs of the two life-stages from 16 to 31 ℃ （P〉0.05）. The O：N ratio in juveniles was significantly higher than that in the adults over the entire temperature range （P〈0.05）. The temperature coefficient （Q_10） of OCR and AER ranged from 5.03 to 0.86 and 6,30 to 0.85 for the adults, respectively, and from 6,09-1.03 and 3.66-1.80 for the juveniles, respectively. The optimal temperature range for growth of the juvenile and adult shrimp was from 28 to 31℃, based on Q_10 and SMR values. Results from the present study may be used to guide pond culture production ofE. carinicauda.

Addition of castor oil as a booster in colon capsule regimens significantly improves completion rates and polyp detection

BACKGROUND Incomplete excretion rates are problematic for colon capsule endoscopy(CCE).Widely available booster regimens are suboptimal.Recently published data on one day preparation CCE protocol using castor oil appeared effective.AIM To assess the impact of adding castor oil to a standard split-dose(2-d)preparation in an unselected Western patient cohort.METHODS All patients aged 18 or more referred to our unit for a CCE over a 5-mo period were prospectively recruited.Controls were retrospectively identified from our CCE database.All patients received split bowel preparation with Moviprep■[polyethylene glycol(PEG)-3350,sodium sulphate,sodium chloride,potassium chloride,sodium ascorbate and ascorbic acid for oral solution;Norgine B.V,United States],a PEG-based solution used predominantly in our colonoscopy practice.Control booster regimen included Moviprep■with 750 mL of water(booster 1)on reaching the small bowel.A further dose of Moviprep■with 250 mL of water was given 3 h later and a bisacodyl suppository(Dulcolax■)10 mg after 8 h,if the capsule was not excreted.In addition to our standard booster regimen,cases received an additional 15 mL of castor oil given at the time of booster 1.A nested case control design with 2:1 ratio(control:case)was employed.Basic demographics,completion rates,image quality,colonic transit time,diagnostic yield and polyp detection were compared between groups,using a student t or chi-square tests as appropriate.RESULTS One hundred and eighty-six CCEs[mean age 60 years(18-97),56%females,n=104],including 62 cases have been analysed.Indication breakdown included 96 polyp surveillance(51.6%),42 lower gastrointestinal symptoms(22.6%),28 due to incomplete colonoscopy(15%),18 anaemia(9.7%)and 2 inflammatory bowel disease surveillance(1.1%).Overall,CCE completion was 77%(144/186),image quality was adequate/diagnostic in 91%(170/186),mean colonic transit time was 3.5 h(0.25-13),and the polyp detection rate was 57%(106/186).Completion rates were significantly higher with castor oil,87%cases(54/62)vs 73%controls(90/124),P=0.01.The number needed to treat with castor oil to result in an additional complete CCE study was 7,absolute risk reduction=14.52%,95%confidence interval(CI):3.06-25.97.This effect of castor oil on excretion rates was more significant in the over 60 s,P<0.03,and in females,P<0.025.Similarly,polyp detection rates were higher in cases 82%(51/62)vs controls 44%(55/124),P=0.0001,odds ratio 5.8,95%CI:2.77-12.21.Colonic transit times were similar,3.2 h and 3.8 h,respectively.Image quality was similar,reported as adequate/diagnostic in 90%(56/62)vs 92%(114/124).CONCLUSION In our capsule endoscopy centre,castor oil addition as a CCE booster significantly improved completion rates and polyp detection in an unselected Western cohort.

miR-150-5p、miR-135b在糖尿病肾病患者中的表达及意义

目的探讨外周血miR-150-5p、miR-135b水平与糖尿病肾病(DN)患者尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)、预后的关系。方法采用前瞻性研究方法,选取2019年1月至2021年10月延安大学附属医院收治的85例DN患者作为DN组[男46例,女39例,年龄(46.28±4.41)岁,2型糖尿病(T2DM)病程(7.24±2.31)年],另纳入76例单纯T2DM患者作为T2DM组[男40例,女36例,年龄(44.95±6.13)岁,T2DM病程(6.98±3.28)年],80例健康体检者作为对照组[男43例,女37例,年龄(45.74±5.68)岁]。收集3组患者临床资料及外周血miR-150-5p、miR-135b水平,Spearman分析各指标与UAER相关性,绘制受试者操作特征曲线(ROC)及曲线下面积(AUC),分析各指标预后的预测效能,采用相对危险度(RR)及95%置信区间(CI)分析各指标对预后的影响。结果DN组外周血miR-150-5p、miR-135b水平>T2DM组>对照组[(3.36±0.68)比(1.03±0.62)比(0.78±0.21)、(3.96±0.51)比(1.24±0.48)比(0.66±0.12)],差异均有统计学意义(F=560.11、1519.26,均P<0.05);DN组UAER>300 mg/24 h患者外周血miR-150-5p、miR-135b水平>UAER 30~300 mg/24 h患者>UAER<30 mg/24 h患者[(4.10±0.92)比(3.42±0.64)比(2.73±0.51)、(5.40±0.87)比(3.87±0.61)比(3.02±0.49)],差异均有统计学意义(F=23.53、78.25,均P<0.05);DN患者外周血miR-150-5p、miR-135b水平与UREA呈正相关(r=0.783、0.835,均P<0.05);随访12个月,15例发生终末期肾病(ESRD),发生ESRD患者外周血miR-150-5p、miR-135b水平均高于未发生ESRD患者[(4.41±0.55)比(3.14±0.38)、(4.67±0.61)比(3.81±0.42)],差异均有统计学意义(t=10.67、6.53,均P<0.05);外周血miR-150-5p、miR-135b、联合预测DN并发ESRD的AUC分别为0.733、0.829、0.944。外周血miR-150-5p、miR-135b高水平患者并发ESRD的RR分别为低水平的3.619倍、10.889倍,其95%CI分别为1.105~11.856、1.503~78.872。结论外周血miR-150-5p、miR-135b水平与DN患者UAER呈正相关,联合检测可作为预测DN并发ESRD的重要辅助手段,为临床诊治提供可靠数据支持。

不同体质量虫纹鳕鲈对耗氧率、窒息点及排氨率的影响

开展了不同体质量虫纹鳕鲈对耗氧率、窒息点及排氨率的影响试验。采用密闭流水式呼吸试验法,测定了4种不同体质量[A组(100.3±5.8)g、B组(205.1±12.1)g、C组(298.5±17.2)g、D组(405.9±15.6)g]虫纹鳕鲈的耗氧率、窒息点及排氨率。结果表明,虫纹鳕鲈的耗氧率及排氨率,随其体质量的增加而降低;耗氧率日波动较大,每日的06:00—08:00与16:00—18:00处于高水平;窒息点随体质量的增加升高,且A组与D组之间差异显著(P<0.05)。提出,在实际生产中,可根据虫纹鳕鲈不同养殖阶段耗氧率、养殖密度及生物滤池总体耗氧率,测算液氧加入量,提高液氧利用率和循环水的养殖容量,增加养殖效益。

棉粕源菌酶协同发酵饲料在肉种鸡生产中的应用研究

本研究旨在探讨棉粕源菌酶协同发酵饲料对产蛋后期肉种鸡生产性能与氮磷排泄率的影响。试验选择42周龄罗斯(Ross)308肉种鸡群,随机分为对照组和试验组。试验预试期1周,正试期16周。在试验过程中,对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,试验组用8%的棉粕源菌酶协同发酵饲料代替等量的基础日粮。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组肉种鸡的产蛋率、合格种蛋数显著提高(P<0.05),死淘率显著降低(P<0.05),种蛋受精率有提高的趋势(P=0.057),氮排泄率显著下降(P<0.05),磷排泄率有下降的趋势(P=0.072)。由此可见,在本试验条件下,用8%的棉粕源菌酶协同发酵饲料代替等量的基础日粮可以显著提高肉种鸡生产的经济效益与社会生态效益。

高血压早期肾损害诊断指标的筛选

目的:筛选高血压早期肾损害的诊断指标。方法:搜集2020年1月至2023年2月河南省人民医院内科病房收治的高血压患者,选取高血压早期肾损害[30 mg/24 h≤尿白蛋白排泄率(uAER)<300 mg/24 h]患者51例(肾损害组),以及单纯高血压患者51例(对照组)。比较两组患者血清尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(SCr)、同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)、胱抑素C(CysC)、尿微量白蛋白(umALB)、微量白蛋白/肌酐比值(uACR)、α1微球蛋白(uα1MG)、β2微球蛋白(uβ2MG)、N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶(uNAG)及转铁蛋白(uTF)水平的差异。绘制ROC曲线,比较上述指标对高血压早期肾损害的诊断效能。结果:肾损害组患者血清BUN、SCr、HCY、RBP、CysC水平及umALB、uAER、uACR、uα1MG、uβ2MG、uNAG、uTF水平均高于对照组(P均<0.05)。ROC曲线AUC>0.9的指标从高到低分别为uACR>CysC>uα1MG>uβ2MG>umALB>RBP,其中CysC+uACR联合诊断的效能和敏感度最高[AUC(95%CI)为0.994(0.954~1.000),敏感度为1.000]。结论:CysC+uACR为高血压患者早期肾损害的高效诊断指标。

双酚A对光滑双脐螺生存和代谢活动的影响

【目的】本研究旨在探究光滑双脐螺在双酚A污染水体中的生存状态,以探究在类似污染条件下该物种的定殖潜力。【方法】采用“静水式呼吸室”法,分别测定了0、0.05、0.10、0.20和0.40 mg/L五个浓度双酚A条件下,不同个体大小光滑双脐螺的死亡率、耗氧率和排氨率。此外,还深入分析了光滑双脐螺在双酚A暴露下的软体干质量与耗氧率和排氨率的关系。【结果】光滑双脐螺的软体干质量与耗氧率和排氨率呈负相关。软体干质量小的螺,其耗氧率和排氨率大于软体干质量大的螺。对照组中,小螺(壳宽<8 mm)的耗氧率为1.368、排氨率为83.372,大螺(壳宽≥8 mm)的耗氧率为0.743、排氨率为33.701,随着双酚A浓度升高,不同个体大小光滑双脐螺的耗氧率和排氨率均呈下降趋势,且小螺的下降幅度更大(P<0.05)。双酚A的浓度越高,光滑双脐螺的死亡率越高。双酚A浓度为0.40 mg/L时,小螺的死亡率达到31.3%,大螺的死亡率达到25.6%,且小螺和大螺的死亡率差异显著(P<0.05)。【结论】本研究表明,含有双酚A的水体能显著抑制光滑双脐螺的生存和代谢活动,且这种抑制效果与个体大小密切相关。随着污染物浓度升高,小螺的生理机能受到更为严重的抑制,导致更高的死亡率。这些结果对于评估污染环境中光滑双脐螺的入侵潜力和制定相关管理策略制定具有重要的指导意义。

小江不同食性鱼类氮磷排泄及其对养分循环的影响

探究小江流域不同食性鱼类排泄对初级生产养分循环的作用,为三峡库区支流鱼类群落调控及养分再循环提供理论参考。2019年在小江设置5个断面对水质、浮游物、鱼类进行监测和采样,并选取小江4种典型食性鱼类,即滤食性鱼类鳙、草食性鱼类草鱼、杂食性鱼类鲫和肉食性鱼类黄颡鱼,分析其氮磷排泄率的差异及其与温度的关系,通过模型反演估算不同食性鱼类排泄对小江藻类初级生产的贡献。结果表明:(1)滤食性鱼类氮排泄率最高,滤食性鱼类和肉食性鱼类磷排泄率相对较高;(2)不同食性鱼类氮磷排泄率随水温升高均有所增大,且杂食性鱼类氮排泄率受水温变化影响最大,而草食性鱼类磷排泄率受水温变化影响最小;(3)小江鱼类总生物量约11.08t,氮、磷排泄率分别为16.92、2.11ng/(L·d);(4)小江鱼类氮磷排泄对藻类养分循环贡献均较小,分别占初级生产力所需氮、磷含量的0.015%和0.022%;(5)在4种食性鱼类中,肉食性鱼类对初级生产力的贡献率最高。

High sensitive C-reactive protein, adiponectin, and urine albumin excretion rate in Chinese coronary artery disease patients with different glucose tolerance status

Background Serum high sensitive C-reactive protein （hs-CRP）, adiponectin levels and urine albumin excretion rate （UAER） are probably associated with inflammation and atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to determine the three markers in coronary artery disease （CAD） subjects with different glucose tolerance status in a Chinese population and further explore the levels of the three markers in these subjects and the possible association of these markers with CAD risk factors and the severity of CAD as well. Methods A total of 242 subjects with angiographically documented CAD were recruited, and then assigned to three groups： the normal glucose tolerance （NGT） ＋ CAD group, including 100 CAD patients with NGT; the impaired glucose tolerance （IGT） ＋ CAD group, 40 CAD patients with IGT; the type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） ＋ CAD group, 102 CAD patients with T2DM. Serum hs-CRP, adiponectin levels as well as UAER were measured in all subjects. Results Serum hs-CRP levels were increased in the T2DM ＋ CAD group compared with the NGT ＋ CAD group （4.71±2.59） vs （3.60±2.46） mg/L, P=0.037. Serum adiponectin levels were gradually decreased from the NGT ＋ CAD to IGT ＋ CAD to T2DM ＋ CAD groups, （5.99±1.84）, （5.82±1.72） and （4.65±1.71） mg/L, P=0.002 and 0.040 for NGT ＋ CAD and IGT ＋ CAD groups vs T2DM ＋ CAD group, respectively. While the UAER was gradually increased from the NGT ＋ CAD to IGT ＋ CAD to T2DM ＋ CAD groups, （6.42±2.51）, （6.89±2.94） and （15.03±4.22） μg/min （P 〈0.001） for NGT ＋ CAD and IGT ＋ CAD groups vs T2DM ＋ CAD group. Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that waist-hip ratio （WHR） and low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） were the significant determinants of serum hs-CRP levels; triglyceride （TG）, high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）, age, WHR, T2DM, 2-hour serum insulin （2hINS）, sex, and apolipoprotein B were the significant determinants of serum adiponectin levels; and systolic blood pressure （SBP）, T2DM and hemoglobin A1c （HbA1c） were the significant determinants of UAER in all subjects （R^2= 0.070, 0.352, and 0.214, respectively）. However, no significant correlation was seen for hs-CRP, adiponectin and UAER with the severity of CAD. Hs-CRP levels were significantly correlated with UAER. Conclusions There was a trend of increased serum hs-CRP levels from the NGT ＋ CAD to IGT ＋ CAD to T2DM ＋ CAD groups, though it only showed significance in the T2DM ＋ CAD group compared with the NGT ＋ CAD group. Serum adiponectin levels were decreased and UAER was increased from the NGT ＋ CAD to IGT ＋ CAD to T2DM ＋ CAD groups Increased UAER and serum hs-CRP, and decreased adiponectin levels were associated with traditional CAD risk factors but failed to be correlated with the severity of CAD. Hs-CRP levels were significantly correlated with UAER.

Urinary albumin excretion rate is correlated with severity of coronary artery disease in elderly type 2 diabetic patients

Background Coronary heart disease is the main complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus; its incidence is closely related to microalbuminuria. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the urinary albumin excretion rate and the incidence and severity of coronary heart disease in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methods A total of 612 hospitalized type 2 diabetes mellitus patients aged 60 years or older, who were given coronary angiography for diagnosis of possible coronary heart disease, participated. Their urinary albumin excretion rate was measured, and the severity of coronary artery stenosis was quantified with the Gensini scoring system to analyze the incidence of coronary heart disease and the severity of coronary artery stenosis. The optimal urinary albumin excretion rate predictive value for coronary heart disease incidence in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus patients was determined. Results The incidence of coronary heart disease, the number of patients with coronary vascular disease and the Gensini scores were significantly different between the microalbuminuria group and the normal atbuminuria group （P 〈0.05）. The urinary albumin excretion rate was independently correlated with the occurrence of coronary heart disease in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus patients （odds ratio （OR） =1.058, P 〈0.0001,95% confidence interval （CI）： 1.036-1.080）. Urinary albumin excretion rate and the Gensini score were independently correlated in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus patients （β=0.476, P 〈0.0001）. The best predictive value of urinary albumin excretion rate was 10.45 tJg/min for elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The area under the curve was 0.764, with a sensitivity and specificity of 70.0% and 72.2%, respectively. Conclusions The occurrence of coronary heart disease in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with microalbuminuria was higher than that in patients with normal albuminuria, and the severity of the disease also increased in patients with microalbuminuria. In elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, urinary albumin excretion rate was positively correlated with the incidence and severity of coronary heart disease and was also an independent factor contributing to coronary heart disease.

水温对单环刺螠幼体和成体滤水及呼吸代谢特征的影响

为探究温度对单环刺螠生理活动的影响,分别以单环刺螠幼体和成体为研究对象,对其在不同水温(17℃、25℃和30℃)下的滤水率、耗氧率和排氨率进行了检测。试验结果显示:在试验温度范围内,单环刺螠幼体和成体的滤水率均随着水温的升高而降低,而相同温度下幼体的滤水率极显著高于成体(P<0.001);水温30℃下幼体和成体的排氨率分别显著高于其他两个温度组(P<0.05),但在相同温度下,幼体与成体之间排氨率无显著差异(P>0.05);水温30℃组幼体的耗氧率显著高于其他两个温度组,不同温度组之间成体的耗氧率则无显著差异(P>0.05),而水温17℃、30℃下幼体的耗氧率极显著高于成体(P<0.01、P<0.001);幼体O/N值(呼吸的氧原子数与排出的氨态氮原子数比值)随着水温的升高而降低,成体O/N值则是先升高后降低,提示在试验水温范围内,单环刺螠主要供能物质是蛋白质。结果表明,单环刺螠是一种高滤水、低耗氧型生物,温度和体质量对单环刺螠滤水和呼吸代谢具有显著影响。

1例重症肺炎合并心室内血栓、肺栓塞的高肾脏排泄率患儿抗血栓治疗与药学监护

临床药师参与1例重症肺炎合并心室内血栓、肺栓塞高肾脏排泄率患儿的抗血栓诊疗过程。患儿因“重症肺炎”入院,结合凝血常规指标初期考虑为重症肺炎所致凝血功能异常,之后进展为右心室血栓、双肺动脉多发栓塞,临床药师结合患儿的年龄、体重、弥散性血管内凝血及血小板计数指标动态变化和肝肾功能变化,评估血栓及出血风险,协助临床医师制定个体化抗血栓治疗方案,住院期间,患儿D-二聚体进行性升高,考虑可能与患儿自身高肾脏排泄率有关,临床药师及时建议调整抗血栓药物的频次和剂量,临床医师采纳了建议,患儿血栓团块缩减消退,恢复良好并顺利出院,随访患儿血栓未复发。临床药师通过全程药学监护,协助医师制定个体化抗血栓方案,改善了患儿的预后,确保了抗血栓药物使用的有效性和安全性。本文可为类似患儿的抗血栓治疗提供参考。