Flame-retardant ammonium polyphosphate/MXene decorated carbon foam materials as polysulfide traps for fire-safe and stable lithium-sulfur batteries

Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are one of the most promising modern-day energy supply systems because of their high theoretical energy density and low cost.However,the development of high-energy density Li-S batteries with high loading of flammable sulfur faces the challenges of electrochemical performance degradation owing to the shuttle effect and safety issues related to fire or explosion accidents.In this work,we report a three-dimensional(3D)conductive nitrogen-doped carbon foam supported electrostatic self-assembled MXene-ammonium polyphosphate(NCF-MXene-APP)layer as a heat-resistant,thermally-insulated,flame-retardant,and freestanding host for Li-S batteries with a facile and costeffective synthesis method.Consequently,through the use of NCF-MXene-APP hosts that strongly anchor polysulfides,the Li-S batteries demonstrate outstanding electrochemical properties,including a high initial discharge capacity of 1191.6 mA h g^(-1),excellent rate capacity of 755.0 mA h g^(-1)at 1 C,and long-term cycling stability with an extremely low-capacity decay rate of 0.12%per cycle at 2 C.More importantly,these batteries can continue to operate reliably under high temperature or flame attack conditions.Thus,this study provides valuable insights into the design of safe high-performance Li-S batteries.

Solid-liquid phase equilibrium for the system ammonium polyphosphate-urea ammonium nitrate-potassium chloride-water at 273.2 K

Based on the dynamic method,a quaternary system of ammonium polyphosphate (APP)-urea ammonium nitrate (UAN,CO(NH_(2))_(2)-NH_(4)NO_(3))-potassium chloride (KCl)-H_(2)O and its subsystems (APP-[CO(NH_(2))_(2)-NH_(4)NO_(3)]-H_(2)O,KCl-[CO(NH_(2))_(2)-NH_(4)NO_(3)]-H_(2)O and APP-KCl-H_(2)O) were systematically investigated at the temperature of 273.2 K.Each ternary phase diagram contains one invariant point and three crystallization regions.The crystallization regions are:(1)(NH_(4))_(3)HP_(2)O_(7),(NH_(4))_(4)P_(2)O_(7)and ((NH_(4))_(3)HP_(2)O_(7)+(NH_(4))_(4)P_(2)O_(7)) for APP-[CO(NH_(2))_(2)-NH_(4)NO_(3)]-H_(2)O diagram;(2) KCl,KNO_(3)and(KCl+KNO_(3)) for KCl-[CO(NH_(2))_(2)-NH_(4)NO_(3)]-H_(2)O diagram and (3)(NH_(4))_(3)HP_(2)O_(7),KCl and((NH_(4))_(3)HP_(2)O_(7)+KCl) for APP-KCl-H_(2)O diagram.The quaternary phase diagram of APP-[CO(NH_(2))_(2)-NH_(4)NO_(3)]-KCl-H_(2)O has no quaternary invariant point but includes four solid phase crystallization regions,i.e.,(NH_(4))_(3)HP_(2)O_(7),(NH_(4))_(4)P_(2)O_(7),KNO_(3)and KCl,in which the KNO_(3)region occupies the largest area.The maximum total nutrient content (N+P_(2)O_(5)+K_(2)O) existing as ionic forms in the APP-[CO(NH_(2))_(2)-NH_(4)NO_(3)]-H_(2)O,KCl-[CO(NH_(2))_(2)-NH_(4)NO_(3)]-H_(2)O,APP-KCl-H_(2)O and quaternary systems is 44.70%,32.86%,45.56%and 46.23%(mass),respectively,indicating that the maximum nutrient content can be reached using raw materials of the corresponding systems to prepare liquid fertilizer.In the quaternary system,the content of NH_(4)~+-N ascends with the increase of the total nutrient content,while the contents of NO_(3)^(-)-N and CO(NH_(2))_(2)-N increase with elevated total N.This work can help optimize the operating parameters for the production,storage and transportation of liquid fertilizers.

Microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate by polyurethane with segment of dipentaerythritol and its application in flame retardant polypropylene

Dipentaerythritol(DPER),4,40-diphenylmethanediisocyanate(MDI)and melamine(MEL)are used as raw materials to microencapsulate ammonium polyphosphate(MAPP)in situ polymerization.The MAPP is characterized by Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA).The results show that the coating operation can effectively improve water resistance of ammonium polyphosphate(APP),and MAPP has higher residual rate than that of APP after combustion.The flame retardant action of MAPP and APP in polypropylene(PP)is investigated by the limited oxygen index(LOI),vertical burning test(UL-94),TGA,SEM,and cone calorimeter test(CCT).The LOI value of the PP/MAPP composite at the same loading is higher than that of PP/APP composite.UL 94 ratings of PP/MAPP composites are raised to V-0 at 20 wt%loading.The results of CCT also show that MAPP is more efficient than APP.The morphological structures observed by digital photos and SEM demonstrated that MAPP could be promoted to form the continuous and compact intumescent char layer.The flame retardant mechanism of PP/MAPP is also discussed.

Study of Crystal Defects and Spectroscopy Characteristics of Ammonium Polyphosphate

Two kinds of commercial ammonium polyphosphate （APP） and three kinds of APP which were prepared in the laboratory were studied by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. In identification of the form Ⅱ crystal APP by XRD and FTIR, some discrepancies were discussed. It is pointed out that the absorbance of the FTIR spectra at 682 cm^-1 can exist not only in the form Ⅰ APP, but also in the form Ⅱ APP with the crystal lattice defects. The SEM images indicate that the form Ⅱ APP is of multilayer crystal structure. XRD and TEM can reveal the crystal lattice defects.

Infl uencing Mechanism and Interaction of Muscovite on Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Polyphosphate

The interaction mechanism and phase evolution of ammonium polyphosphate（APP）mixed with muscovite（APP/muscovite）were studied by TG,XRD and SEM,respectively,during heating.When the temperature is not higher than 300 ℃,muscovite has no effect on the thermaldecomposition of APP,and the initialdecomposition temperature of APP/muscovite at 283 ℃ is basically the same as the APP at 295 ℃,and the main thermaldecomposition products are polyphosphoric acid and NH_4H_2PO_4 at 300 ℃.The polyphosphoric acid,the decomposition products of APP,can enable K and Siout of muscovite and interact with muscovite chemically to generate Al_2O_3·2SiO_2,α-SiO_2 and phosphates（AlPO_4 and K_5P_3O_（10））compounds during 400 ℃-800 ℃,which own obvious adhesive phenomenon and porous structure with the apparent porosity of 58.4%.Further reactions between phosphates other than reactions among Al_2O_3·2SiO_2 and α-SiO_2 can generate KAlP_2O_7 at 1 000 ℃ and the density of residualproduct is improved by low melting point phosphate filling pore to form relatively dense structure and decrease the apparent porosity to 44.4%.The flame resistant and self-supported ceramic materials are expected to enhance the fire-retarding synergistic effect between APP and muscovite.

Synergistic Flame Retardant Effect of Ammonium Polyphosphate and Aluminum Hydroxide on Polyurethane

The flame-retardant properties of polyurethane(PU)containing ammonium polyphosphate(APP)and aluminum hydroxide(ATH)were investigated.Moreover,the flame retardant performance was investigated through thermogravimetric analysis,limiting oxygen index(LOI),vertical combustion(UL 94),and cone calorimeter.When 15 wt%APP and 5 wt%ATH were added together,the PU/15%APP/5%ATH sample shows better thermal stability and flame-retardant properties.When 15 wt%APP and 5 wt%ATH were added together,the LOI value of the PU/15%APP/5%ATH sample was 30.5%,and UL 94 V-0 rating was attained.Compared with PU,the peak heat release rate(PHRR),total heat release(THR),and average effective heat combustion(av-EHC)of the PU/15%APP/5%ATH sample decreased by 43.1%,21.0%,and 29.4%,respectively.In addition,the flame-retardant mechanism was investigated through cone calorimeter.The APP/ATH addition simultaneously exerted condensed phase and gas phase flame retardant effects.APP and ATH have synergistic flame retardant properties.

高岭土对APP/PER/PP复合材料性能的影响

以PP废玩具料(W-PP)为主材,高岭土(Kaol)、聚磷酸铵(APP)和季戊四醇(PER)为阻燃剂,通过熔融挤出制备一系列Kaol/APP/PER/W-PP复合材料,对复合材料的极限氧指数(LOI)、UL 94阻燃等级、力学性能和热变形温度(HDT)进行测试,并用锥形量热仪进行分析,结果表明,APP/PER添加后,复合材料的阻燃性能和HDT明显提高,力学强度逐渐降低;适量的Kaol和APP/PER具有较好的协同阻燃效果,而且,添加Kaol后,复合材料的力学性能和HDT明显提升,当在W-PP中同时加入3%的Kaol和25%的APP/PER时,复合材料的LOI为32.1%,阻燃达到UL 94(1.6 mm)V-0级,与单独添加相比,拉伸强度、弯曲模量、弯曲强度和缺口冲击强度均提高了28%APP/PER的性能分别提高了16.9%、15.0%、27.4%和31.3%。

磷化瓜尔胶与APP协同阻燃PLA的性能研究

采用9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)和1,2,3,6-四氢邻苯二甲酸酐(THPA)对瓜尔胶(GG)进行改性得到磷化瓜尔胶(DTGG),并通过核磁共振和傅里叶变换红外光谱对其结构进行表征。以DTGG为碳源,聚磷酸铵(APP)为酸源和气源对聚乳酸(PLA)进行阻燃改性。通过垂直燃烧(UL 94)、极限氧指数(LOI)和锥形量热仪(CONE)对PLA共混物的阻燃性能进行测试。采用热失重分析(TG)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)对其热性能和形貌进行表征。结果表明,当DTGG/APP的质量比为9/11时,LOI值为33.4%,达到UL 94 V-0等级。同时,样品的总热释放(THR)值最低,与纯PLA相比降低了33.8%。从FESEM观察到阻燃剂在PLA基质中分布均匀。DTGG和APP的协同作用有效地增强了PLA共混物的阻燃性能。最后讨论了DTGG和APP对PLA共混物的协同阻燃作用机制。

棉/APP/PHBV阻燃复合材料的制备及性能分析

探讨精梳落棉/聚磷酸铵(APP)/3⁃羟基丁酸酯和3⁃羟基戊酸酯的共聚物(PHBV)阻燃复合材料替代黄麻阻燃复合材料的可行性。将精梳落棉制备成纤维粉末,注塑成型为9种配比的棉纤维粉/APP/PHBV阻燃复合材料,以阻燃和燃烧性能为指标进行了配比优选。测试了优选配比的棉纤维粉/APP/PHBV的阻燃和燃烧性能、热稳定性、拉伸性能、红外光谱、断面形貌结构,并与2种典型的黄麻阻燃复合材料产品进行对比。结果表明:棉纤维粉/APP/PHBV质量配比为35/10.5/54.5时,阻燃性能较优,LOI值可达27.9%,UL94等级V⁃0级,点燃时间20 s,平均有效燃烧热26.6 MJ/kg,平均热释放速率184 kW/m^(2),总释放烟量4.5 m^(2);与黄麻纤维毡/APP/PP和黄麻纤维毡/APP/PHBV阻燃复合材料相比,除拉伸强度稍低外,其他各项性能均达到黄麻阻燃复合材料水平。认为:棉纤维粉/APP/PHBV 35/10.5/54.5的阻燃复合材料性能较好,可部分替代黄麻阻燃复合材料。

APP@MOFs核-壳结构型阻燃剂制备及其在环氧树脂中的应用研究

采用微胶囊改性技术,以高效阻燃剂聚磷酸铵(APP)为内核、多功能金属有机框架材料(ZIF-8)为外壳,合成了新型核-壳结构型阻燃剂(APP@ZIF-8),并将其用于环氧树脂(EP)中制备阻燃复合材料,通过一系列测试分析来表征APP@ZIF-8的结构特征、评估其耐水性能,并采用锥形量热仪法研究了EP复合材料的阻燃、抑烟减毒性能。结果表明:经ZIF-8的包裹实现了APP溶解度降低、耐水性能显著提升;掺入10 wt%的APP@ZIF-8后,EP复合材料的热释放速率峰值(pHRR)、烟气释放速率峰值(pSPR)和CO释放速率峰值(pCOP)较纯EP分别降低了61.3%、43.6%和60.5%,使EP复合材料的阻燃性能和抑烟减毒性能均得到提升,这主要得益于APP@ZIF-8在燃烧过程中促进了致密炭层的形成(残余炭量较纯EP提高了367.1%),抑制了可燃产物和毒性烟气的扩散,此项工作为环氧树脂的阻燃改性提供了一种新思路。

Pa-APP/PER/α-ZrP阻燃聚丙烯酸酯乳液的制备及性能

首先,采用乳液聚合法制备了固含量为45%的水性聚丙烯酸酯乳液,随后向其中加入复合阻燃剂哌嗪改性聚磷酸铵(Pa-APP)、季戊四醇(PER)和α-磷酸锆(α-ZrP)制备了Pa-APP/PER/α-ZrP阻燃聚丙烯酸酯乳液,并测定其阻燃效率,分析其阻燃机制。通过正交实验得到复合阻燃体系的最佳配方为:复合阻燃剂在聚丙烯酸酯乳液中添加量为25%(以聚丙烯酸酯乳液固体质量计,下同),其中α-ZrP添加量为2%(以聚丙烯酸酯乳液固体质量计,下同),m(Pa-APP)∶m(PER)=4.5∶1,在该条件下制备的Pa-APP/PER/α-ZrP阻燃聚丙烯酸酯乳液的极限氧指数达30.4%,UL-94测试达V-1等级,热释放速率峰值和总热释放量比纯聚丙烯酸酯分别降低了77.65%和39.73%。通过SEM-EDS、XPS、FTIR表征了Pa-APP/PER/α-ZrP阻燃聚丙烯酸酯乳液燃烧后的残炭形貌和成分。结果表明,Pa-APP/PER/α-ZrP阻燃聚丙烯酸酯乳液能够有效抑制聚丙烯酸酯燃烧过程中的熔滴,提高残炭量并改善炭层结构,降低燃烧过程中的总产烟量,从而提高Pa-APP/PER/α-ZrP阻燃聚丙烯酸酯乳液的阻燃安全性能。

HKUST-1@APP环氧树脂阻燃复合材料的合成与性能

使用溶剂热法将HKUST-1〔Cu3(BTC)2,BTC为均苯三甲酸根离子〕负载到聚磷酸铵(APP)表面制得了HKUST-1@APP,然后将HKUST-1@APP与环氧树脂(EP)混合后固化制备了HKUST-1@APP/EP阻燃复合材料。采用SEM、EDS、XRD、FTIR对HKUST-1@APP进行了表征,通过垂直燃烧测定仪、氧指数测定仪、TGA、电子拉力机对HKUST-1@APP/EP复合材料进行了性能测试。结果表明,当HKUST-1@APP的添加量为总体系质量的5%时,制得的HKUST-1@APP/EP复合材料的极限氧指数为27.5%,垂直燃烧测试(UL-94)通过V-1级,样品残炭的AD/AG(拉曼光谱中无定形碳的碳原子与晶体碳中sp2杂化的碳原子振动分别形成的D峰与G峰的峰面积比)降至0.043,而添加总体系质量5%APP的EP复合材料的AD/AG为0.3161,说明HKUST-1@APP还可以改善EP燃烧过程中产生的炭层,使炭层更连续、石墨化程度更高。

MFAPP制备阻燃浸渍纸及其在饰面高密度纤维板中的应用

【目的】浸渍纸作为表面装饰材料,具有易燃性,为降低其火灾危险性,探究微胶囊化聚磷酸铵对浸渍纸热稳定性和阻燃性能的影响,并考察了阻燃浸渍纸对高密度纤维板性能的影响。【方法】以三聚氰胺甲醛树脂(MF)为壁材,聚磷酸铵(APP)为芯材,通过原位聚合法制备微胶囊化聚磷酸铵(MFAPP),研究反应时间、反应温度、APP与MF预聚体质量比、pH值对包覆率的影响;分析MFAPP对浸渍树脂理化性能的影响;研究MFAPP浸渍纸饰面高密度纤维板的物理力学性能和阻燃性能,分析燃烧后的残炭形貌,探讨MFAPP的阻燃机理。【结果】(1)当反应时间2 h、反应温度70℃、APP与MF预聚体质量比2∶1、pH值为5时,可制备包覆率为17.48%的微胶囊化聚磷酸铵。SEM-EDS、FTIR和TG测试结果表明MF树脂成功包覆在APP表面,且热稳定性提高。(2)树脂理化性能测试结果表明MFAPP对浸渍树脂固化时间和黏度影响较小,可满足工业化要求。(3)MFAPP浸渍纸饰面高密度纤维板的吸水厚度膨胀率和表面胶合强度分别为6.9%和1.21 MPa,可达到相关国标规定。(4)与高密度纤维板相比,MFAPP浸渍纸饰面高密度纤维板的阻燃抑烟性能良好,总热释放量和烟产生量分别降低了13.19%和17.62%。MFAPP浸渍纸表现出良好的气相和凝聚相阻燃作用。【结论】采用原位聚合法制备的MFAPP,可用于制备阻燃浸渍纸,提升浸渍纸饰面高密度纤维板的阻燃抑烟性能。

A novel high-efficient P/N/Si-containing APP-based flame retardant with a silane coupling agent in its molecular structure for epoxy resin

A flame retardant containing multiple antiflaming elements usually exhibits high-efficient flame retardancy. Here, a novel P/N/Si-containing ammonium polyphosphate derivative(APTES-APP) is synthesized from ammonium polyphosphate(APP) and silane coupling agent(3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane(APTES)via cation exchange, which is quite different in the chemical structure from APTES-modified APP for retaining silicon hydroxyls. APTES-APP is highly efficient for the epoxy resin. 8%(mass) APTES-APP imparts excellent flame retardancy to the epoxy resin, with a V-0 rating at the UL-94 test(1.6 mm)and an LOI value of 26%(vol). The peak heat release rate and total smoke production of the flameretardant epoxy resin are decreased by 68.1% and 31.3%, respectively. The synergy of P/N/Si contributes to the well-expanded char residue with a strong and dense surface layer, which is a very good barrier against heat and mass transfer. Besides, there is no significant deterioration in the mechanical properties of flame-retardant epoxy resin thanks to silicon hydroxyls forming hydrogen bonds with epoxy molecules. Meanwhile, other molecules can be grafted onto APTES-APP via these silicon hydroxyls, if needed.Briefly, this work has developed a new strategy for amino silane as flame retardants. In conjunction with a low-cost and simple preparation method, APTES-APP has a promising prospect in the high-performance flame-retardant epoxy.

聚苯乙烯基乙二醇/聚磷酸铵阻燃复合材料的制备及性能研究

阐述了复合材料的制备工艺,包括实验材料的准备、确定材料混合比例和操作条件,以及添加剂的选择和添加量控制。分析了复合材料的燃烧性能,包括燃烧特性和热解产物的生成情况,同时进行了力学性能的分析,包括强度性能、刚度性能、韧性性能,以及疲劳性能的分析。探讨了复合材料的优缺点,并提出可能的改进方向,为该复合材料在实际应用中的推广提供了科学的依据。

介孔SiO_2-APP复合阻燃剂的制备及其对木材的阻燃抑烟作用

复合阻燃剂中各组分的复合协同作用是提高阻燃效率的有效途径。以介孔二氧化硅(SiO2)为载体,通过纳米浇铸法引入聚磷酸铵(APP),制备了介孔SiO2-APP复合阻燃剂,采用CONE法研究了该复合阻燃剂处理杨木粉的燃烧性能和发烟性能。结果表明:介孔SiO2-APP复合阻燃剂能有效降低杨木粉的热释放速率(HRR)、总热释放量(THR)、烟生成速率(SPR)和总烟释放量(TSP),催化木材形成炭层,表现出显著的阻燃和抑烟特性。高温下聚磷酸铵催化木材转化为炭,SiO2增加炭层的热稳定性,形成Si-O-C键和Si-C键的保护炭层,介孔SiO2对烟气的高效吸附和催化转化作用,可能是介孔SiO2-APP复合阻燃剂高效阻燃抑烟的根本原因。

环氧树脂包覆聚磷酸铵-聚丙烯阻燃体系构建

为构建膨胀聚丙烯(PP)阻燃体系,采用原位聚合法制备环氧树脂包覆聚磷酸铵微胶囊(EP-APP)以改善APP与PP材料的相容性,并选用季戊四醇(PER)为成炭剂与EP-APP构成膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR),制备PP/EP-APP/PER阻燃复合材料。以微胶囊的水溶性为指标优化微胶囊包覆工艺,考察了EP-APP与PER质量比和IFR添加量对复合材料的阻燃性能及力学性能的影响,分析了IFR中EP-APP与PER的反应机理。结果表明,当EP加入量为APP质量的10%、固化剂三乙烯四胺(TETA)用量为EP质量的15%时,采用40℃(1 h)+70℃(1 h)的固化反应温度设置,可制得有良好耐水性的EP-APP微胶囊。当IFR质量分数为25%,IFR中EP-APP与PER质量比为3∶1时,制得PP/APP/PER阻燃复合材料的极限氧指数(LOI)达到35.0%,垂直燃烧性能达到UL94V-0等级,且复合材料仍能保持较好的拉伸性能。热重分析表明,IFR的分解反应可分为三个阶段:首先是EP-APP受热分解后与PER发生反应,生成含有磷酸酯键的物质;然后是酯类化合物生成稳定的环状酯并释放出H2O和NH3;最后上述产物进一步形成双环及多环磷酸酯并在高温下炭化形成致密的炭层,隔氧隔热从而发挥阻燃作用。

APP在PE基木塑复合材料中的阻燃作用研究

研究了阻燃剂聚磷酸胺(APP)用量、木粉用量、APP与季戊四醇(PER)复配比例对PE基木塑复合材料阻燃性能的影响。用TGA和SEM分析了APP在PE基木塑复合材料中的阻燃作用机理。结果表明:APP对木塑复合材料的阻燃规律与其对塑料的阻燃规律有所不同,木塑复合材料中存在的大量木粉对APP的阻燃具有明显的协效作用,而PER的协效作用却不显著;随着APP用量或木粉用量的增加,木塑复合材料的极限氧指数(LOI)均显著增加。TGA和SEM分析表明,燃烧后残炭量增加与膨胀发泡是APP在木塑复合材料中具有阻燃性的主要原因。

桐油涂覆对多聚磷酸铵改性杉木阻燃性能与抗流失性的影响

为提高杉木的阻燃性,探讨多聚磷酸铵处理木材对其燃烧性能和抗流失性的影响,获得阻燃处理对杉木性能的影响规律。选取杉木为研究对象,以多聚磷酸铵为阻燃剂,通过满细胞法对杉木进行阻燃处理,再在杉木样品表面涂覆桐油,分别对未处理材和阻燃处理材的形貌、热解行为、阻燃性能及阻燃剂的抗流失性进行测试。结果表明,杉木试件的极限氧指数为20.2%,经质量分数为5%的多聚磷酸铵处理后的杉木极限氧指数为34.5%,燃烧性能分级达到B1级要求。涂覆桐油对木材的阻燃性能具有一定的负面影响,其极限氧指数下降到29.3%,燃烧性能分级为B2级。锥形量热仪(CONE)结果表明,较之素材,阻燃样品整个测试过程处于阴燃状态,HRR曲线为一直线,且PHRR下降了85.36%,THR和SPR与HRR具有相似的变化规律,TSP也显著降低。TG-DSC结果表明,涂覆桐油的阻燃处理样品在800℃的失重率仅为素材的74.18%,残炭量由15.75%上升到37.95%。涂覆桐油可提高APP的抗流失性,但对木材的力学性能未产生明显改良。研究结果表明,阻燃处理木材对延缓其在火灾中燃烧行为具有重要意义,并为实现理论指导综合性功能改良、木材生产应用提供重要的理论依据和参考。

偶联剂对EP/APP体系燃烧和发烟性能的影响

研究了不同种类偶联剂对聚磷酸铵阻燃环氧树脂(EP/APP)体系拉伸强度、燃烧和发烟性能的影响规律。结果表明,钛酸酯和硅烷都能提高EP/APP体系的拉伸强度。从(EP/APP)体系阻燃性能的提高效果看,钛酸酯比硅烷更好,钛酸酯使EP/APP体系的氧指数从26.5提高到30.9,硅烷使EP/APP体系的氧指数从26.5提高到28.7。但硅烷对(EP/APP)体系的抑烟效果好,硅烷可使EP/APP体系的烟密度等级从76.84降到66.85,而钛酸酯使EP/APP体系发烟量加大,烟密度等级从76.84上升到86.41。研究结果表明,偶联剂在改善阻燃材料力学性能的同时,对体系的燃烧和发烟性能有重要影响。