Macroporous Directed and Interconnected Carbon Architectures Endow Amorphous Silicon Nanodots as Low‑Strain and Fast‑Charging Anode for Lithium‑Ion Batteries

Fabricating low-strain and fast-charging silicon-carbon composite anodes is highly desired but remains a huge challenge for lithium-ion batteries.Herein,we report a unique silicon-carbon composite fabricated by uniformly dis-persing amorphous Si nanodots(SiNDs)in carbon nanospheres(SiNDs/C)that are welded on the wall of the macroporous carbon framework(MPCF)by vertical graphene(VG),labeled as MPCF@VG@SiNDs/C.The high dispersity and amor-phous features of ultrasmall SiNDs(~0.7 nm),the flexible and directed electron/Li+transport channels of VG,and the MPCF impart the MPCF@VG@SiNDs/C more lithium storage sites,rapid Li+transport path,and unique low-strain property during Li+storage.Consequently,the MPCF@VG@SiNDs/C exhibits high cycle stability(1301.4 mAh g^(-1) at 1 A g^(-1) after 1000 cycles without apparent decay)and high rate capacity(910.3 mAh g^(-1),20 A g^(-1))in half cells based on industrial electrode standards.The assembled pouch full cell delivers a high energy density(1694.0 Wh L^(-1);602.8 Wh kg^(-1))and an excellent fast-charging capability(498.5 Wh kg^(-1),charging for 16.8 min at 3 C).This study opens new possibilities for preparing advanced silicon-carbon com-posite anodes for practical applications.

Microstructure and UV Fluorescence of Amorphous I/Au Composite Nanofilms Based on LVDCS Method

The amorphous I/Au composite nanofilms were prepared by low vacuum direct current sputtering(LVDCS) method. The optimized preparation technologies contain growth pressure, time, gaseous environment and annealing conditions. The maximum fluorescence emission(λmax^em) of I/Au nanofilms was observed at wavelength of 375 nm, and the intensity of fluorescence emission peak of annealed I/Au films was smaller than that of unannealed one due to fewer amorphous Au nanoparticles, caused by annealing treatment. In the UV-Vis absorption spectra, the intensity of UV-Vis absorption peak of annealed I/Au nanofilms is larger than that of the unannealed one. This work also developed a new way to grow I/Au composite fluorescent thin films.

Au Nanoparticle Formation from Amorphous Au/Si Multilayer

By direct observations of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), irreversible morphological transformations of as-deposited amorphous Au/Si multilayer (a-Au/a-Si) were observed on heating. The well arrayed sequence of the multilayer changed to zigzag layered structure at 478 K (=Tzig). Finally, the zigzag structure transformed to Au nanoparticles at 508 K. The distribution of the Au nanoparticles was random within the thin film. In situ X-ray diffraction during heating can clarify partial crystallization Si (c-Si) in the multilayer at 450 K (= ), which corresponds to metal induced crystallization (MIC) from amorphous Si (a-Si) accompanying by Au diffusion. On further heating, a-Au started to crystallize at around 480 K (=Tc) and gradually grew up to 3.2 nm in radius, although the volume of c-Si was almost constant. Continuous heating caused crystal Au (c-Au) melting into liquid AuSi (l-AuSi) at 600 K (= ), which was lower than bulk eutectic temperature ( ). Due to the AuSi eutectic effect, reversible phase transition between liquid and solid occurred once temperature is larger than . Proportionally to the maximum temperatures at each cycles (673, 873 and 1073 K), both and Au crystallization temperature approaches to . Using a thermodynamic theory of the nanoparticle formation in the eutectic system, the relationship between and the nanoparticle size is explained.

ISOTHERMAL PHASE TRANSFORMATION IN Au-Si AMORPHOUS ALLOY

Electric resistivity measurements and X-ray diffraction analysis were performed to study the isothermal phase transformation in amorphous Au-Si ribbons with eutectic composition pre- pared using melt-spinning technique.A series of phase transformations take place spontaneously at room temperature and accelerate at elevated temperatures.Four stages of the transformation from amorphous state to the equilibrium state can be distinguished.Dis- cussion on the structural character of the metastable phases indicates that Hume-Rothery electron compounds and size factor compounds could form during isothermal aging.

Fe-Si-B非晶合金粉末的制备及吸波性能

采用正交试验法,利用硼氢化钠水溶液还原氯化亚铁和氟硅酸钠水溶液中的Fe和Si,制备出一种粒径为200~500 nm的球形粉末,采用X射线衍射仪、同步热分析仪、透射电子显微镜及选区电子衍射、X射线光电子能谱仪以及电感耦合等离子体光谱分析表明该粉末是成分为Fe87.6Si1.08B11.31的非晶态合金。利用矢量网络分析仪研究了该粉末的吸波性能,结果表明:该粉末在14.56 GHz处最小反射损耗为-44.8 dB,对应的匹配厚度为1.5 mm,有效带宽为6.16 GHz且为最大吸收带宽。对电磁波的损耗以磁损耗为主,介电损耗为辅,其中介电损耗以偶极极化为主,磁损耗以涡流损耗和自然共振为主。

Fabrication of Fine-Grained Si_3N_4-Si_2N_2O Composites by Sintering Amorphous Nano-sized Silicon Nitride Powders

Si3N4-Si2N2O composites were fabricated with amorphous nano-sized silicon nitride powders by the liquid phase sintering （ LPS ）. The Si2 N2O phase was generated by an in-situ reaction 2 Si3 N4 （ s ） ＋ 1.5 02 （ g ） = 3 Si2 N2O （ s ） ＋ N2 （ g ） . The content of Si2 N2 O phase up to 60% in the volume was obtained at a sintering temperature of 1 650℃ and reduced when the sintering temperature increased or decreased, indicating the reaction is reversible. The mass loss, relative density and average grain size increased with increasing the sintering temperature. The average grain size was less than 500 nm when the sintering temperature was below 1 700 ℃. The sintering procedure contains a complex crystallization and a phase transition ： amorphous silicon nitride→equiaxial α- Si3 N4→ equiaxial β- Si3 N4→ rod- like Si2 N2O→ needle- like β- Si3N4 . Small round-shaped β→ Si3 N4 particles were entrapped in the Si2 N2O grains and a high density of staking faults was situated in the middle of Si2 N2O grains at a sintering temperature of 1 650 ℃. The toughness inereased from 3.5 MPa·m^1/2 at 1 600 ℃ to 7.2 MPa· m^1/2 at 1 800 ℃ . The hardness was as high as 21.5 GPa （Vickers） at 1 600 ℃ .

Mechanical properties and structure of zirconia-mullite ceramics prepared by in-situ controlled crystallization of Si-Al-Zr-O amorphous bulk

Zirconia-mullite nano-composite ceramics were fabricated by in-situ controlled crystallization of Si-Al-Zr-O amorphous bulk, which were first treated at 900-1000 ℃ for nucleation, then treated at higher temperature for crystallization to obtain ultra-fine zirconia-mullite composite ceramics. The effects of treating temperature and ZrO2 addition on mechanical properties and microstructure were analyzed. A unique structure in which there are a lot of near equiaxed t-ZrO2 grains and fine yield-cracks has been developed in the samples with 15% zirconia addition treated at 1 150 ℃ . This specific microstructure is much more effective in toughening ceramics matrix and results in the best mechanical properties. The flexural strength and fracture toughness are 520 MPa and 5.13 MPa·m1/2, respectively. Either higher zirconia addition or higher crystallization temperature will produce large size rod-like ZrO2 and mullite grains, which are of negative effect on mechanical properties of this new composite ceramics.

Natural Passivity of Amorphous Fe_(40)Ni_(40)P_(14)B_6 and Fe_(54.6)Ni_(38)Si_(4.1)B_(2.3)V_1 Alloys

The natural passive films forrned on Fe_(40)Ni_(40)P_(14)B_6 and Fe_(54.6)Ni_(38)Si_(4.1)B_(2.3)V_1 amorphous alloys long-term exposed in air have been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron (including Ar+ ion depth profiling) spectroscopy (AES). The following aspects have been investigated: (1) chemical states of the elements in the films. binding energies and the chemical shifts measured by XPSf (2) structure and composition of the films fand (3) thickness of the passive films determined by AES depth profiling and XPS analysis.

Fe-Si-B非晶合金电极在电芬顿法处理模拟港口含油废水中的应用

根据港口含油废水的组成,配置了含有乳化油等污染物的模拟废水,考察了Fe-Si-B非晶合金作为电芬顿体系中的阳极在降解乳化油废水中的情况,分别考察了反应时间、电流密度、初始pH值、H_(2)O_(2)投加量对反应的影响,并优化了工艺参数。实验结果表明:在反应时间为40 min、电流密度为30 mA/cm^(2)、初始pH值为3、H_(2)O_(2)浓度为20 g/L时,废水含油量去除率可达到99.91%。分析推测了电芬顿法降解乳化油废水的可能反应途径,结果表明:电芬顿体系中产生的羟基自由基的强氧化作用下将原本废水中的长链有机物部分氧化为易被生物降解的短链烷烃类有机物。为含乳化油废水的处理以及Fe-Si-B非晶合金作为电极材料的实际应用提供了良好的参考价值。

石墨烯压力传感器Au-Si共晶键合的气密性封装

针对石墨烯压力传感器的高气密性封装要求,设计了一种应用于石墨烯压力传感器的Au-Si键合工艺。采用Au-Si键合工艺只需要在传感器的密封基板表面生长一层100 nm的SiO_(2),并在生长的SiO_(2)表面溅射金属密封环,密封环金属采用50 nm/300 nm的Ti/Au。使用倒装焊机在380℃以及16 kN的压力环境下保持20 min完成传感器芯片与基板的键合,实现石墨烯压力传感器的气密性封装。键合完成后对键合指标进行表征测试,平均剪切力可达19.596 MPa,平均泄露率为4.589×10^(-4) Pa·cm3/s。通过对键合前后石墨烯传感器芯片电阻检测,电阻输出平均值变化了3.36%,键合前后电阻输出相对稳定。对传感器进行静态压力检测,其灵敏度>0.3 kΩ/MPa,非线性<1%FS。实验结果表明,石墨烯压力传感器采用Au-Si键合工艺进行气密封装不仅工艺简单,且强度高。

EFFECT OF COMPOSITION ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF AMORPHOUS Fe-Si-B ALLOYS

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PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF HYDROGEN STORAGE MATERIAL TiFe WITH AMORPHOUS Si COATING

An evident improvement on activation properties of hydrogen storage was made by sput- tering an amorphous coating of commercial Si on TiFe alloy.SEM observation revealed an obvious difference between the morphologies before and after hydrogen storage for TiFe alloy with or without amorphous Si coating.It is believed that this may be quite a developable hydrogen storage material.

Crystallization Behaviour of Laser Synthesized Nanometric Amorphous Si_3N_4 Powders

The crystallization behaviour of the laser synthesized nanometric amorphous Si3N4 powders with the particle size of 15 nm in diameter has been studied between 1200° and 1700℃ by XRD,TEM and FTIR techniques. A small amount of β-Si3N4 formed at 1250℃ and increased slowly until the α- β transformation happened at 1700℃, whereas α-Si3N4 appeared at 1300℃ andincreased rapidly between 1500-1600℃. The formation of β phase at the lower temperature was caused by the nitridation of free Si due to the preexisted β-nuclei in the Si3N4 particles, whereasthe α phase was formed by solid crystallization from the amorphous matrix. There were α and β SiC formed at 1700℃ due to the presence of Sio and Co gases in the system. FTIR analysis shows that two new IR absorption at 1356 and 1420 cm-1, and an overall strong absorption in wide wavenumber range resulted from the powders annealed at 1600 and 1700℃ respectively

Microstructural and Microhardness Variation of Amorphous Fe_(78)Si_9B_(13) Alloy during Bend Stress Relaxation

The amorphous Fe78Si9B13 ribbons were bend stress relaxed at various temperature well below the crystallization temperature （Tx） for different time. The effect of pre-annealing on the subsequent bend stress relaxation was examined. The variation of the microstructure and microhardness during bend stress relaxation process was studied using X-ray diffraction （XRD）, atomic force microscopy （AFM） and Vickers microhardness test,respectively. Curvature radius of the amorphous Fe78Si9B13 ribbons decreased with increase bend stress relaxation temperature and time. The microhardness of the stress relaxed specimens increased with time at 300℃ due to the forming of nanocrystals during bend stress relaxation. The pre-annealing reduced the decrease rate of the curvature radius of stress relaxed specimens.

Hydrogen Permeation and Diffusion in Amorphous Alloy Ni_(68)Cr7_Si_8B_(14)Fe_3 at Elevated Temperature

The behaviour of hydrogen permeation and diffusion in amorphous alloy Ni68Cr7Si8B14Fe3 hasbeen investigated by an ultrahigh vacuum gas permeation technique. A comparison experimentwas carried out between the as-quenched and annealed States (400℃/2h) of the amorphousalloy. The results show that, for both states of the amorphous alloy in the temperature rangeof 200～350℃, the diffusivity and permeability of hydrogen are in agreement with Arrheniusrelationship, there does not exist H-trapping effect, and the activation energies of diffusion andpermeation almost keep the same.

Strength and interfacial microstructure of Si3N4 joint brazed with amorphous Ti-Zr-Ni-Cu filler metal

In this paper, the vacuum brazing of Si3N4 ceramic was carried out with Ti40Zr25Ni15Cu20 amorphous filler metal. The interfacial microstructure was investigated by scanning electron microscopy （ SEM ）, energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS） etc. According to the analysis, the interface reaction layer was mode up of TiN abut on the ceramic and the Ti-Si, Zr-Si compounds. The influence of brazing temperature and holding time on the joint strength was also studied. The results shows that the joint strength first increased and then decreased with the increasing of holding time and brazing temperature. The joint strength was significantly affected by the thickness of the reaction layer. Under the same experimental conditions, the joint brazed with amorphous filler metal exhibits much higher strength compared with the one brazed with crystalline filler metal with the same composition. To achieve higher joint strength at relatively low temperature, it is favorable to use the amorphous filler metal than the crystalline filler metal.

Nanocrystallization of Amorphous Fe_(73.5)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(13.5)B_9 Irradiated by Laser

The surface nanocrystallization of amorphous Fe73.5 Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 radiated by CO2 laser was studied by means of M（oe）ssbauer spectroscopy, transmission electro iroscope and X-ray diffraction. The result shows that under certain technical conditions, nanocrystalline is fiound on the surface of amorphous Fe73.5 Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 radiated by laser; the crystallization phase is α-Fe（Si） crystalline, and its size is about 10-20 nm; the nanocrystalline is uniformly distributed on amorphous base to keep the amorphous and crystallized phase in balance; the a mount of crystallization reaches 23% when the laser power is 300 W, the diameter of light spot is 20 mm, and the radiation speed is 20 mm/s. The phase balance can be controlled by adjusting the laser technology parameter. Laser radiation on the amorphous Fe73.5 Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 alloy is an important technique for surface nanocrystallization of the amorphous alloys.

EFFECT OF Cr,Cu AND Co ON MAGNETOSTRICTION OF Fe-Si-B AMORPHOUS ALLOYS

The dependence of composition varied,especially C,Si,Cr,Cu and Co in four amorphous alloy systems Fe_(80-x)Cr_xSi_5B_(15).Fe_(80-x)Cr_xC_5B_(15).Fe_(80-x)Cu_xSi_5B_(15)and (Fe_(1-x)Co_x)_(82)Cu_(0.4)Si_(4.4)B_(13.2)upon their saturation magnetostriction at room temperature has been studied.It was observed that the saturation magnetostriction of the alloys may be re- markably improved by small addition of Cu and Co.the peak value being up to 70×10^(-6)as x=0.02 in alloys(Fe_(1-x)Co_x)_(82)Cu_(0.4)Si_(4.4)B_(13.2).

Crystallization of Fe_(78)Si_9B_(13) Bulk Crystaline/ Amorphous(c/a) Composite

A metallic crystalline/amorphous （c/a） bulk composite was prepared by the slow cooling method after remelting the amorphous Fe78Si9B13 ribbon. By X-ray diffraction （XRD）, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and scanning electron microscope （SEM）, the composite consists of the primary dendrite α-Ee （without Si） as well as the amorphous matrix. After being anneal at 800 K, the uniform spheroid particles are formed in the c/a composite, which does not form in the amorphous ribbon under the various annealing process. Energy dispersive analysis of X-rays （EDAX）, SEM and XRD were applied to give more detailed information. The formation and evolution of the particle may stimulate the possible application of the Fe-matrix amorphous alloy.