Total Amount Control Test of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Phosphate Fertilizer on Winter Wheat

[Objective] This study was conducted to optimize the suitable application amounts of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer for winter wheat.[Method] A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of the application amounts of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer on the yield of winter wheat.[Result]The quadratic simulation function between the application of nitrogen fertilizer and wheat yield was y =-0.6611x^2＋20.091 x ＋234.85,with a correlation coefficient of0.970 8,and the yield of winter wheat was the highest at the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer of 228.0 kg/hm^2.The quadratic simulation function between the application of phosphate fertilizer and wheat yield was y =-0.572 6x^2＋13.168 x ＋340.4,with a correlation coefficient of 0.921 95,and the yield of winter wheat was the highest at the application amount of phosphate fertilizer of 172.5 kg/hm^2.[Conclusion] This study provides a scientific basis for the rational application of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer on winter wheat.

Study on the Total Amount Control of Atmospheric Pollutant Based on GIS

To provide effective environmental management for total amount control of atmospheric pollutants. Methods An atmospheric diffusion model of sulfur dioxide on the surface of the earth was established and tested in Shantou of Guangdong Province on the basis of an overall assessment of regional natural environment, social economic state of development, pollution sources and atmospheric environmental quality. Compared with actual monitoring results in a studied region, simulation values fell within the range of two times of error and were evenly distributed in the two sides of the monitored values. Predicted with the largest emission model method, the largest emission of sulfur dioxide would be 54 279.792 tons per year in 2010. Conclusion The mathematical model established and revised on the basis of GIS is more rational and suitable for the regional characteristics of total amount control of air pollutants.

Harmoniousness analysis of total amount control of water use

Based on the fundamental principles of total amount control of water use, the harmony theory was used in this study to develop a concept of the degree of harmony of total amount control of water use. Based on this concept, the harmoniousness of total amount control of water use was analyzed in terms of the supply and demand of water resources, water resources management, water use benefits, and water-saving level. An evaluation index system of the degree of harmony of total amount control of water use was established, and a method for calculation of the degree of harmony of total amount control of water use was developed based on the analytic hierarchy process （AHP） and fuzzy comprehensive analysis （FCA） methods. The new evaluation index system was applied to a certain area in Jiangsu Province, China. The degree of harmony of total amount control of water use over this area was calculated for different years. Results indicate that the evaluation index system and calculation method proposed in this study are feasible, and such a harmoniousness analysis can provide scientific references for the strict water resources management system that will be implemented in China in the near future.

Study on the Environmental Quality Guarantee Ratio on the Basis of Total Air Pollutant Emission Amount Control

The hourly and daily air quality concentration in the total air pollutant emission amount control zone is not sure to be continuously up to national ambient air quality standard, even though the total annual air pollutant emission is permitted under the total air pollutant emission amount control (TAPEAC) on the basis of A-value method. So the concept of the environmental quality guarantee ratio (EQGR) for TAPEAC is advanced in this paper and its quantitative formula is figured out for both hourly and daily EQGR. It is concluded that the EQGR is related with the yearly arrangement of A-value besides the pollutant type. According to the meteorological data in a lower area along Yangtze River in 2000, the yearly A-value trend is analyzed. Based on the data, the hourly EQGR of SO 2 and NO 2 is respectively 97.4% and 90.2%, and daily EQGR respectively 90.2% and 79.5%.

Control Effect of Zinc Fertilizer Application Against Apple Little Leaf

In order to provide a theoretical basis for apple cultivation techniques and to provide a reference for preparation of scientific management measures,the occurrence and damage status of apple little leaf in northern Guizhou was investigated,and fertilizer control test against the disease was also conducted.（1）Apple little leaf occurred from April to October in apple producing areas in northern Guizhou every year,with heavy incidence from April to May,light incidence from June to July,and the lightest incidence from August to October.（2） Effectiveness test showed that application of zinc sulfate fertilizer 135 g ＋ cow dung 10 kg received the best control effect,followed by zinc sulfate fertilizer 165 g ＋ cow dung 10 kg,then zinc sulfate fertilizer 105 g ＋ cow dung 10 kg and zinc sulfate fertilizer 150 g ＋ cow dung 10 kg.（3） Based on local environmental conditions,occurrence and damage situation,incidence conditions and fertilizer efficacy test,comprehensive prevention and control technology with rational supplement of zinc fertilizer could be used to control apple little leaf.

模糊PID玉米免耕机排种施肥控制方法研究

为了实现免耕机播种量和施肥量的精确控制,基于模糊PID控制,设计了控制系统。首先,建立排种量模型,以排种轴转速为控制量;其次,建立施肥量控制模型,分析排肥轴转速、排肥轴长度和免耕机前进速度对于排肥量误差的影响,选择排肥轴转速为控制量;再次,采用模糊PID控制的方法,对驱动电机进行调速,进而实现对排肥轴和排种轴转速的控制,完成排种量和排肥量的调整;最后,对系统进行测试。测试结果表明:电机转速从0调整到50 r/min的响应时间为0.8 s,施肥量变异系数分布区间为[2.6,4.1]。

Effects of AOS on Bt's Adhesion Amount on Vegetable Leaves and Its Insecticidal Effect

[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the safety of surfactants AOS and Tween 80 on Bt and their effects on Bt's adhesion amount on crop leaves and its field efficacy. [Methods] Certain concentrations of AOS and Tween 80 were added to Bt liquid to check the effects of the surfactants on Bt spore germination, the adhesion amount of Bt on vegetable leaves and the field efficacy on beet armyworm. [Results] After treatment with surfactants AOS and Tween 80, Bt spores germinated normally. After adding AOS, the adhesion amounts of Bt spores on scallion, kohlrabi, radish and Chinese cabbage leaves were 209.75, 249.00, 274.00 and 281.75, respectively, which was 3.8, 2.2, 2.0 and 1.6 times higher than the CK. After adding Tween 80, the adhesion amounts of Bt spores on scallion, kohlrabi, radish and Chinese cabbage leaves were 198.25, 203.25, 233.00 and 236.75, respectively, which were 3.6, 1.8, 1.7 and 1.4 times higher than the CK, respectively. The average field insecticidal effect of the Bt liquid reached 81.3% and 79.5% after the addition of surfactants AOS and Tween 80, respectively, while the average insecticidal effect of the CK without the addition of a surfactant was only 53.3%, which was remarkably lower than above two values. [Conclusions] Surfactants AOS and Tween 80 are safe for Bt; and the addition of surfactants AOS and Tween 80 significantly increased the amount of Bt attached to vegetable leaves, and significantly improved the control efficacy of pests on plants rich in cuticle.

饵剂投放站对田间红火蚁的饵剂搬运量及防控效果研究

饵剂诱杀是防控红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren最广泛和最有效的措施。本研究利用一种新型饵剂投放站(简称饵剂站)对比分析红火蚁工蚁对0.08%茚虫威杀蚁饵剂及其载体的搬运量,并使用5 g/巢、10 g/巢、20 g/巢3种剂量的饵剂对田间红火蚁蚁巢进行单蚁巢处理,评价饵剂站对田间红火蚁的饵剂搬运量及防控效果的影响。结果表明,红火蚁工蚁对饵剂站内0.08%茚虫威饵剂及其载体的搬运量少于直接撒施处理方式的搬运量。施药24 h后,红火蚁工蚁对饵剂站内和直接撒施的0.08%茚虫威饵剂搬运量分别为14.84±3.18 g和17.71±5.88 g,差异不显著。使用饵剂站施用10 g、20 g饵剂处理28 d后,工蚁减退率、蚁巢减退率、蚁群级别降低率和综合防治效果均可达到90%以上,与直接撒施处理方式均无显著差异。虽然饵剂站会一定程度上降低红火蚁工蚁对饵剂的搬运量,但却不影响对红火蚁的防控效果,基于其防雨、防潮的优点,饵剂站可显著延长红火蚁防控的窗口期。

配施硅肥对稻飞虱取食量、田间种群数量及水稻产量的影响

为探明增施硅肥在水稻田稻飞虱绿色防控中的作用,本文采用室内蜜露测定、田间盆拍调查等方法研究了在广西代表性土壤条件下增施硅肥对稻飞虱蜜露量、田间种群数量及水稻产量的影响。结果表明:褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens St l和白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera Horváth在施硅量为15 kg/hm^(2)和45 kg/hm^(2)水稻上的平均蜜露量均显著低于不施硅对照。在水稻分蘖期,与不施硅对照相比,15 kg/hm^(2)施硅处理下两个试验点稻飞虱发生量均显著减少;45 kg/hm^(2)施硅处理下宾阳试验点的稻飞虱发生量显著减少,而合浦试验点在水稻分蘖盛期稻飞虱发生量虽未显著减少,但水稻分蘖后期稻飞虱发生量极显著低于不施硅对照,减少了51.03%。在水稻灌浆期,与不施硅对照相比,宾阳试验点15 kg/hm^(2)和45 kg/hm^(2)施硅处理稻飞虱的发生量均极显著减少,而合浦试验点稻飞虱发生量没有显著变化。15 kg/hm^(2)和45 kg/hm^(2)施硅处理的稻谷千粒重均显著高于不施硅对照,产量比不施硅对照提高1.88%~9.05%。增施硅肥可明显降低水稻田稻飞虱的取食量和田间种群发生量,同时在一定程度上提高了稻谷产量,因此,水稻增施硅肥有助于广西稻飞虱的绿色防控。

风电集群汇集的共享储能虚拟惯量补偿控制策略

针对大规模风电并网导致系统惯量削弱问题,提出风电集群汇集的共享储能虚拟惯量补偿控制策略。首先,计算风电集群惯量削弱量及共享储能电站的惯量补偿目标;然后,根据惯性响应的基本物理意义,定义储能装置的虚拟惯量;接着,探明其时变特性,求解储能虚拟惯量时域过程,确定储能电站以及各储能单元虚拟惯量补偿目标,提出各储能单元补偿目标动态设置控制参数的控制策略;最后,通过Matlab/Simulink仿真,验证了所提策略在不同储能配置容量、不同风电渗透率下均具有良好控制效果和适应性。

基于温湿度控制设计地下抗裂防渗漏混凝土的应用研究

文中基于温湿度控制思路,通过大掺量粉煤灰、多级配低空隙率骨料、分段补偿收缩和温湿度监测调控等成套技术设计抗裂防渗漏混凝土,以缓解或彻底消除地下结构开裂渗漏。

植保无人飞机防治玉米南方锈病施药参数和防效探究

为了利用植保无人飞机有效防治玉米南方锈病,开展了施药液量和药剂筛选研究。试验结果表明:植保无人飞机在飞行高度2 m和飞行速度3 m/s条件下,施药液量为2 L/667m^(2)时,药液雾滴在玉米植株下三叶、棒三叶和上三叶上的沉积密度分别为91.72、57.75个/cm^(2)和13.42个/cm^(2),且施药液量增加到3 L/667m^(2)和4 L/667m^(2)时药液雾滴的沉积密度没有显著变化。施药液量为2、3 L/667m^(2)和4 L/667m^(2)时农药沉积利用率分别为52.59%、53.89%和57.88%。综合考虑作业效率,植保无人飞机施药防治玉米南方锈病的最佳施药液量为2 L/667m^(2)。在此施药条件下,喷施30%丙硫菌唑OD、20%丙环唑ME、32.5%苯甲·嘧菌酯SC和40%丙硫菌唑·戊唑醇SC 14 d后对玉米南方锈病的防治效果分别达到96.72%、70.68%、80.54%和69.71%。因此,植保无人飞机在飞行高度2 m,飞行速度3 m/s,作业行距5 m,施药液量2 L/667m^(2)时喷施30%丙硫菌唑OD、32.5%苯甲·嘧菌酯SC、20%丙环唑ME和40%丙硫菌唑·戊唑醇SC可有效防治玉米南方锈病。

定西市甘肃鼢鼠取食情况调查及室内食量测定

地下鼠中的甘肃鼢鼠食性杂,可危害多种农作物,定西市中西部地区甘肃鼢鼠普遍分布,但甘肃鼢鼠对当地主要农作物危害取食情况不明确。本文针对甘肃省定西市中西部地区甘肃鼢鼠对不同作物取食危害开展调查研究,通过笼捕法捕获不同体型甘肃鼢鼠开展室内食量测定。结果表明:甘肃鼢鼠可取食6科13属13种主要种植农作物,对马铃薯、当归、柴胡、党参、黄芪、蚕豆和胡麻极喜食,对豌豆较喜食,对扁豆和燕麦喜食,对小麦和谷子不喜食,对玉米极不喜食。不同作物鼠田率、受害情况各不相同。不同体型甘肃鼢鼠日取食量不同,且甘肃鼢鼠对不同作物的取食量也不相同,但甘肃鼢鼠对有气味作物优先取食、汁液多的作物比较喜欢取食,但甘肃鼢鼠中成年老熟个体对不同作物取食驱性不明显,其取食存在由近到远现象。

基于水环境容量的污染物总量控制研究

目前有关水环境容量和污染物总量控制的理论研究已经非常成熟,我国污染物总量控制正在由目标总量控制向理想状态的容量总量控制过渡。本文将污染物总量控制与水环境容量的研究发展相结合,阐述了污染物总量控制的具体方法,并以水环境数学模型为例详细介绍了污染物控制总量的确定及总量分配。根据研究进展和工作实际指出,当地方经济发展与环境保护处于对立面时,现有的目标总量控制以及总量分配难免会有失偏颇,建议探索出一条适合我国国情的中国特色容量总量控制和总量分配方法。

基于改进BP神经网络的风冷热泵除霜智能控制方法研究

当前的智能除霜过程没有考虑机组本身对除霜的影响,造成以BP神经网络为主的控制方法能耗高,效率低。该文提出改进BP神经网络控制风冷热泵除霜控制方法。结合质量守恒定理,明确风冷热泵中湿空气和风机翅片管热器间的换热关系,通过计算控制单元进口和出口处含湿量差值得到风冷热泵的结霜量;使用北方苍鹰优化算法改进BP神经网络,将空气侧换热器结霜相关参数和机组系统对结霜的影响参数作为网络输入,基于结霜量输出换热器除霜开始时间和加热结束时间,实现风冷热泵除霜智能控制。实验结果表明,所提控制方法可在170 s以内解除冻霜,并将结霜过程中的运行压力波动维持在0.3 MPa,降低能源消耗的同时加快了除霜效率,确保空调设备能高性能平稳运行。

基于内部控制的不同聚偏氟乙烯水凝胶性能测试与应用

为了提升基于内部控制的水凝胶的应用性能,采用冻融循环法制备了不同聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF-TrFE)含量的水凝胶,对比分析了不同PVDF-TrFE含量的水凝胶的微观结构和性能。结果表明,PHPP-300水凝胶在冷冻前后都具有相对较高的杨氏模量,随着添加PVDF-TrFE含量增加,PHPP-水凝胶的韧性先增加后减小,PHPP-300水凝胶在冷冻前后都具有最大的韧性;在添加不同量的PVDF-TrFE后,PHPP-水凝胶的含水率会有不同程度增加,在PVDF-TrFE添加量为300mg时取得PHPP-水凝胶的含水率最小值。随着测试温度的降低,PHPP-300水凝胶的电导率逐渐减小,且当温度从-20℃降低至-40℃时,电导率降低幅度较大。适宜的PVDF-TrFE添加量为300mg,所制备的PHPP-300水凝胶具有最佳的综合性能。

基于PLC的小麦液肥喷洒机模糊鲁棒控制方法

由于喷洒机执行喷洒任务时的具体运行工况为非定值,导致可能存在雾滴沉积量分布不均的情况。为此提出基于PLC的小麦液肥喷洒机模糊鲁棒控制方法。结合小麦液肥喷洒机飞行速度与雾滴沉积量之间的隶属关系,构建了模糊关系矩阵,并通过面积模糊量对矩阵中的元素进行非模糊化;在控制阶段,以实现雾滴沉积量的均匀分布作为控制目标,飞行速度变化时,PLC根据控制模型响应输出的雾滴沉积量,结合模糊关系矩阵,对小麦液肥喷洒机的喷洒压力进行调节。测试结果表明,设计方法下不同区域雾滴沉积量最为均匀,与对照组相比具有更加稳定的分布。

内蒙古入河排污口现状及整治建议

入河排污口排查整治是推动流域水生态环境质量提高的基础性举措。入河排污口规范化建设是“十四五”水生态环境保护的重要工作,对提高区域生态环境及促进绿色、高质量发展具有重要意义。通过分析内蒙古自治区入河排污口整治现状得出:按流域统计,黄河流域占41.8%;按类型统计,工业排污口占36.3%;按盟市统计,赤峰市占比个数最多,为35.2%。依据现状,提出按分类进行整治、建立健全长效机制等对策建议,为深入打好碧水保卫战、全面加快自治区入河排污口排查整治工作进度提供依据。

基于动静平衡理念髌骨骨折术后康复量化方案临床观察

目的基于“动静平衡”理念的髌骨骨折术后不同康复量对患者膝关节活动度及相关功能的影响。方法选取山东省中医院骨科收治的90例髌骨骨折手术治疗后患者,按照随机数字表法将患者分为观察组A组、观察组B组和对照组C组,每组30例,观察组分别以不同的康复量进行功能锻炼,对照组以传统的“无痛”康复方法进行锻炼。观察A、B、C三组患者膝关节主动屈伸角度、WOMAC骨关节炎指数评分和临床疗效。结果①A组、B组膝关节主动屈伸角度均大于对照组C,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);②A组、B组的疼痛、僵硬、关节功能评分及WOMAC总分均低于对照组C,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);③A组的优良率为93.33%,B组为90.00%,对照组C为70.00%,三组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);④A组与B组间疗效比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论髌骨骨折术后采用“量化控制”康复方法治疗,可提高膝关节活动度,减少膝关节疼痛僵硬,恢复膝关节正常生理功能,疗效优于传统无痛康复方法,值得推广。