Human meridian(Jingluo)system was hypothesized by traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for thousands of years,suggest-ing 12 normal meridian channels going through respective organs,carrying fluid and energy,and laying th...Human meridian(Jingluo)system was hypothesized by traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for thousands of years,suggest-ing 12 normal meridian channels going through respective organs,carrying fluid and energy,and laying thermal effects.Some treatments based on meridians have been proved effective.However,existence of meridians has never been confirmed,let alone the lack of measurement for meridian phenotypes.Thermal effect is one of the major phenotypes of meridian metabo-lism.Infrared photograph was employed to display the picture of meridians since 1970.Unfortunately,no satisfactory results have been obtained.It is possible that only when a certain meridian is activated will there be thermal effect for successful infrared photograph.In this study,13 types of tea were selected out of the herbs to activate the hypothesized 12 meridians for imagery taking.Forty-two volunteers took part in the experiment lasted for 13 days.Different tea was tested in different day.Infrared imageries of the human bodies were taken immediately after each tea was drunk.The highest temperatures of the fingers,palms,and above the organs were derived from the imageries and analyzed.The temperatures of the organs and fingers possibly connected by 12 hypothesized meridians rose together significantly following the meridian hypothesis.Infrared imageries showed quite clear shapes of the organs activated by different kinds of tea,e.g.,heart and kidneys by yel-low tea,etc.Some high temperature lines also matched the hypothetic meridians.Our work displayed the probable imageries of all the 12 hypothetic meridians for the first time,and proved with data that different foods may activate different organs following the meridian hypothesis,shedding light on a possible new method of targeted drug designs.Measurements of meridian phenotypes can be developed based on this method of activation.展开更多
In 2006 anew biology curriculum called “Human Biology: Emphasizing the Role of Homeostasis” was introduced into the Israeli high school system. Complex systems like those that make up the human body have become incr...In 2006 anew biology curriculum called “Human Biology: Emphasizing the Role of Homeostasis” was introduced into the Israeli high school system. Complex systems like those that make up the human body have become increasingly important as a focus of high school education. This study examines the effectiveness of the concept map as a assessment tool for students’ systems thinking, a tool that provides researchers with a detailed picture of the systems thinking development taking place within individual students. The content of the students’ concept maps was translated into information about students’ system thinking using the Systems Thinking Hierarchy (STH) model, a model in which system thinking is categorized according to eight hierarchical characteristics or abilities. The goal was to use the maps to characterize Israeli high school students’ understanding of the body’s systemic nature. To do this, we identified the extent to which the students understand three central elements of systems, namely hierarchy, homeostasis, and dynamism, and then analyzed this understanding according to its place within the hierarchical stages of the STH model. The extensive qualitative data analysis of 48 concept maps made by 11th grade biology majors suggest that the strength of the concept map is in its ability to describe the first two levels of system thinking (analysis and synthesis). However, it proved less successful in eliciting evidence of the third and highest level, particularly of students’ understanding of patterns, of homeostasis and their capacity for temporal thinking.展开更多
In the 21 st century,the medical model has transformed from the biological model to the biopsycho-social medical model. The transformation of medical model raises higher requirements for the training of medical staff....In the 21 st century,the medical model has transformed from the biological model to the biopsycho-social medical model. The transformation of medical model raises higher requirements for the training of medical staff. Comprehensive promotion of the reform of medical education has become the consensus and trend,which breeds the integrated medical teaching that is based on modules and organ systems. As one of eight integrated modules,the human body structure course of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine introduces morphological structures of normal human organs according to function systems( such as locomotor system,digestive system,angiological system,and nervous system) of human organs and parts of human body. This course endeavors to integrate theories with practices,contents of disciplines of basic medicine,and basic medicine with clinical medicine. The human body structure course combines basic medicine with clinical medicine and is an important part of medical science.展开更多
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFE0201600)B&R Joint Laboratory of Eurasian Anthropology(18490750300)+1 种基金Shanghai Ziranerran Chinese Medicine Development Foundation(201501)Natural Science Foundation of China(31671297,91731303).
文摘Human meridian(Jingluo)system was hypothesized by traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for thousands of years,suggest-ing 12 normal meridian channels going through respective organs,carrying fluid and energy,and laying thermal effects.Some treatments based on meridians have been proved effective.However,existence of meridians has never been confirmed,let alone the lack of measurement for meridian phenotypes.Thermal effect is one of the major phenotypes of meridian metabo-lism.Infrared photograph was employed to display the picture of meridians since 1970.Unfortunately,no satisfactory results have been obtained.It is possible that only when a certain meridian is activated will there be thermal effect for successful infrared photograph.In this study,13 types of tea were selected out of the herbs to activate the hypothesized 12 meridians for imagery taking.Forty-two volunteers took part in the experiment lasted for 13 days.Different tea was tested in different day.Infrared imageries of the human bodies were taken immediately after each tea was drunk.The highest temperatures of the fingers,palms,and above the organs were derived from the imageries and analyzed.The temperatures of the organs and fingers possibly connected by 12 hypothesized meridians rose together significantly following the meridian hypothesis.Infrared imageries showed quite clear shapes of the organs activated by different kinds of tea,e.g.,heart and kidneys by yel-low tea,etc.Some high temperature lines also matched the hypothetic meridians.Our work displayed the probable imageries of all the 12 hypothetic meridians for the first time,and proved with data that different foods may activate different organs following the meridian hypothesis,shedding light on a possible new method of targeted drug designs.Measurements of meridian phenotypes can be developed based on this method of activation.
文摘In 2006 anew biology curriculum called “Human Biology: Emphasizing the Role of Homeostasis” was introduced into the Israeli high school system. Complex systems like those that make up the human body have become increasingly important as a focus of high school education. This study examines the effectiveness of the concept map as a assessment tool for students’ systems thinking, a tool that provides researchers with a detailed picture of the systems thinking development taking place within individual students. The content of the students’ concept maps was translated into information about students’ system thinking using the Systems Thinking Hierarchy (STH) model, a model in which system thinking is categorized according to eight hierarchical characteristics or abilities. The goal was to use the maps to characterize Israeli high school students’ understanding of the body’s systemic nature. To do this, we identified the extent to which the students understand three central elements of systems, namely hierarchy, homeostasis, and dynamism, and then analyzed this understanding according to its place within the hierarchical stages of the STH model. The extensive qualitative data analysis of 48 concept maps made by 11th grade biology majors suggest that the strength of the concept map is in its ability to describe the first two levels of system thinking (analysis and synthesis). However, it proved less successful in eliciting evidence of the third and highest level, particularly of students’ understanding of patterns, of homeostasis and their capacity for temporal thinking.
基金financially supported by Shanghai Key Course Construction Project(2015-37-59)
文摘In the 21 st century,the medical model has transformed from the biological model to the biopsycho-social medical model. The transformation of medical model raises higher requirements for the training of medical staff. Comprehensive promotion of the reform of medical education has become the consensus and trend,which breeds the integrated medical teaching that is based on modules and organ systems. As one of eight integrated modules,the human body structure course of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine introduces morphological structures of normal human organs according to function systems( such as locomotor system,digestive system,angiological system,and nervous system) of human organs and parts of human body. This course endeavors to integrate theories with practices,contents of disciplines of basic medicine,and basic medicine with clinical medicine. The human body structure course combines basic medicine with clinical medicine and is an important part of medical science.
